Matenda a Nyamakazi ndi Manambala: Zoona, Ziwerengero, ndi Inu

Zamkati

• Kodi nyamakazi ndi chiyani?
• Zizindikiro ndi zoopsa
• Kukula
• Zovuta
• Mankhwala
• Kusintha Kwamoyo
• Mtengo
• Chiwonetsero

Kodi nyamakazi ndi chiyani?

Matenda a nyamakazi (RA) ndi matenda omwe amadzimadzimadzimadzimodzi omwe amalimbana ndimatenda am'magazi. Matenda omwe amadzimadzimitsa okha amachitika pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimalakwitsa ziwalo zake za olowa kunja, monga mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi. Chitetezo chamthupi chododometsa chimapanga ma antibodies kufunafuna ndikuwononga "owukira" mu synovium.

RA ndi matenda amachitidwe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimatha kukhudza thupi lonse. Itha kuwononga ziwalo, monga mtima, mapapo, kapena ziwalo zina monga minofu, chichereŵechereŵe, ndi mitsempha. RA imayambitsa kutupa ndi kupweteka kosalekeza komwe nthawi zina kumakhala koopsa, ndipo kumatha kuyambitsa kulumala kwamuyaya.

Zizindikiro ndi zoopsa

Kumayambiriro kwa RA, mutha kuwona kuti ziwalo zazing'ono monga zala zanu ndi zala zanu ndizofunda, zolimba, kapena zotupa. Zizindikirozi zimatha kubwera ndikupita, ndipo mwina mungaganize kuti sizopanda pake. Kuphulika kwa RA kumatha kukhala masiku ochepa kapena milungu ingapo isanatulukenso.

Potsirizira pake, RA idzakhudza ziwalo zazikulu, monga chiuno, mapewa, ndi mawondo, ndipo nthawi yokhululukidwa idzafupika. RA ikhoza kuwononga ziwalo mkati mwa miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi kuyambira. Makumi asanu ndi limodzi mwa anthu 100 aliwonse omwe ali ndi RA osakwanira satha kugwira ntchito zaka 10 atayamba.

Zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi RA ndi izi:

• kutopa
• malungo otsika
• kupweteka ndi kuuma kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa mphindi 30 m'mawa kapena atakhala
• kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• kuonda
• misempha yaminyewa, kapena zotupa zolimba, pansi pa khungu, makamaka m'manja, zigongono, kapena akakolo

RA ikhoza kukhala yovuta kuzindikira chifukwa mitundu ndi kuuma kwa zizindikilo zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Amakhalanso ofanana ndi zizindikiritso zamatenda amitundu ina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusazindikira matenda kutheke.

Zomwe zimayambitsa RA sizikudziwika, koma zifukwa zingapo zowopsa zitha kuthandizira, monga:

• cholowa
• chilengedwe
• moyo (mwachitsanzo, kusuta)

Kukula

Mwa anthu 100,000, omwe ali ndi RA chaka chilichonse. Pafupifupi anthu 1.3 miliyoni aku America ali ndi RA.

Amayi amakhala ndi mwayi wambiri wopeza RA kuposa amuna. Mahomoni a amuna ndi akazi onse atha kutenga nawo mbali popewa kapena kuyambitsa.

RA nthawi zambiri imayamba pakati pa zaka 30 mpaka 60 mwa akazi ndipo pambuyo pake m'moyo mwa amuna. Chiwopsezo cha kukhala ndi RA ndi. Komabe, RA imatha kumenya msinkhu uliwonse - ngakhale ana ang'onoang'ono amatha kuipeza.

Zovuta

RA imawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda amtima kapena sitiroko, chifukwa imatha kuukira pericardium (kulumikizana kwa mtima), ndikupangitsa kutupa kudzera mthupi. Kuopsa kwa matenda a mtima kumawonjezeka ndi 60 peresenti chaka chimodzi atapezeka ndi RA kuposa momwe alibe matendawa.

Anthu omwe ali ndi RA amatha kupewa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi chifukwa cha kupweteka pamalumikizidwe, kuyika kunenepa ndikuyika zovuta zina pamtima. Anthu omwe ali ndi RA ali ndi mwayi wowirikiza kawiri kawiri wokhudzana ndi kukhumudwa, komwe kumatha chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kuyenda komanso kupweteka.

Zowonongeka zomwe RA angachite sizingokhala pamalumikizidwe. Matendawa amathanso kukhudza:

• mtima
• mapapo
• dongosolo la mitsempha
• maso
• khungu
• magazi

Matenda amatha kukhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a anthu omwe ali ndi RA.

Mankhwala

Ngakhale kulibe mankhwala a RA, pali njira zingapo zochiritsira zomwe zingathetseretu zizindikiro ndikupewa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwakanthawi. Madokotala amatha kupereka mankhwala, kusintha kwa moyo, kapena kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri, ndi cholinga chofuna kukhululukidwa.

Pali magulu anayi osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira RA:

• Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutupa (NSAIDs), mankhwala ochepetsetsa kwambiri, makamaka amagwira ntchito kuti achepetse kupweteka pochepetsa kutupa, koma osakhudza kupitilira kwa RA.
• Corticosteroids imagwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri kuti ichepetse kutupa, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa.
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo (DMARDs), omwe ndi mankhwala ochiritsira kwambiri RA, amagwira ntchito kuti achepetse kukula kwa RA, koma atha kubweretsa zovuta zoyipa pang'ono.
• Ma biologic reaction modifiers (biologic DMARDs), omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma DMARD, amayesetsa kusintha chitetezo chamthupi chomwe chimavutika kuyankha ma DMARD.

Njira yaposachedwa yothandizira RA ikuwonetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwaukali koyambirira kwa RA kuti ipewe kumaliza maphunziro ake kukhala ovuta komanso okhalitsa.

Kusintha Kwamoyo

Kukhala ndi RA sikungakhale kolemetsa kokha, komanso kotopetsa mtima.

Amalangizidwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi RA apeze malire pakati pa kupumula ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti azitupa kutupa kwinaku akupitiliza kukhala ndi mphamvu komanso kusinthasintha. Dokotala wanu amalimbikitsa zolimbitsa thupi zina kuyambira ndikutambasula, kenako ndikugwira ntchito yolimbitsa thupi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mankhwala amadzi, ndi tai chi.

Kuyesa kusintha kwa zakudya, monga zakudya zopewera, kumatha kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi RA kupeza zakudya zina zomwe zingayambitse kapena kuchepetsa zizindikiro za RA. Pali umboni wina wasayansi wokhudzana ndi zakudya ndi chithandizo cha RA, monga kuchepa kwa shuga, kuchotsa gluteni, ndikuwonjezera omega-3's. Palinso mankhwala azitsamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira RA, ngakhale kafukufuku waposachedwa yemwe akuwonetsa kuti ndi othandiza amakhala otsutsana.

Chifukwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi RA nthawi zambiri amamva kupweteka kosatha, zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri kuphunzira kupsinjika ndi njira zopumulira, monga kusinkhasinkha motsogozedwa, kulingalira, kupuma bwino, biofeedback, kufalitsa nkhani, ndi zina zothetsera mavuto.

Mtengo

RA amatha kupanga ntchito zosavuta monga kudzuka pabedi ndi kuvala m'mawa zovuta, osangokhala kugwira ntchito yanthawi zonse. Anthu omwe ali ndi RA nthawi zambiri amakhala:

• sinthani ntchito
• amachepetsa maola ogwira ntchito
• ataya ntchito
• kupuma msanga
• osatha kupeza ntchito (poyerekeza ndi anthu opanda RA)

Kuchokera mu 2000 akuti RA imawononga $ 5,720 pa munthu aliyense amene ali ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse. Ndalama zamankhwala zapachaka zimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi wothandizira biologic, ngakhale pali zosankha zingapo.

Kuphatikiza pa mtengo wazachipatala matendawa, mtengo wa moyo ndiwokwera. Poyerekeza ndi omwe alibe nyamakazi, anthu omwe ali ndi RA amatha:

• nenani zaumoyo wathanzi kapena wathanzi
• amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi chisamaliro chaumwini
• khalani ndi malire pazantchito zokhudzana ndi thanzi

Chiwonetsero

RA alibe mankhwala panthawiyi. Mankhwala ambiri othandiza apangidwa pazaka 30 zapitazi, koma palibe "mankhwala" a RA. M'malo mwake, amayesetsa kuchepetsa kutupa ndi kupweteka, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mafupa, ndikuchepetsa kukula ndi kuwonongeka kwa matendawa.