Fluoride: Zabwino kapena Zoipa?

Zamkati

• Kodi Fluoride Ndi Chiyani?
• Zotsatira za Fluoride
• Fluoride Amathandizira Kuteteza Ming'alu ya Mano
• Kudya Kwambiri Kungayambitse Fluorosis
• Mano Fluorosis
• Mafupa a Fluorosis
• Kodi Fluoride Ili Ndi Zovuta Zina Zina?
• Mafupa Akuthyoka
• Kuopsa kwa Khansa
• Kukula Kwaubongo Woperewera
• Kusungunuka kwa Madzi Ndi Kutsutsana
• Tengani Uthenga Wanyumba

Fluoride ndi mankhwala omwe amawonjezeredwa mu mankhwala otsukira mano.

Ili ndi luso lapadera lopewa kuwola kwa mano.

Pachifukwa ichi, fluoride yawonjezeredwa kwambiri kuzowonjezera madzi kuti akhale ndi thanzi lamano.

Komabe, anthu ambiri ali ndi nkhawa ndi zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chodya mopitirira muyeso.

Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana mozama za fluoride ndikuwunika momwe zingakhudzire thanzi lanu.

Kodi Fluoride Ndi Chiyani?

Fluoride ndi ion yoyipa ya element fluorine. Imayimilidwa ndi mankhwala F-.

Amapezeka kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Zimapezeka mwachilengedwe mumlengalenga, nthaka, zomera, miyala, madzi abwino, madzi am'nyanja ndi zakudya zambiri.

Fluoride imathandizira kukulitsa mafupa ndi mano anu, njira yofunikira kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yolimba.

M'malo mwake, pafupifupi 99% yama fluoride amthupi amasungidwa m'mafupa ndi mano.

Fluoride ndiyofunikanso popewera kupindika kwa mano, komwe kumatchedwanso kuti cavities. Ichi ndichifukwa chake awonjezeredwa kuzakumwa zamagulu am'mayiko ambiri ().

Fluoride ndi mawonekedwe a ionized a element fluorine. Amagawidwa mwachilengedwe ndipo amathandizira kuti mchere ndi mafupa zikhale ndi mchere. Fluoride ingathandizenso kupewa zotupa.

Zotsatira za Fluoride

Fluoride imatha kumeza kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamutu pamano anu.

Nazi zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa fluoride:

• Madzi otsekemera: Maiko monga US, UK ndi Australia amawonjezera fluoride m'malo omwe amapezako madzi pagulu. Ku US, madzi amadzimadzi amakhala ndi magawo 0,7 miliyoni (ppm).
• Madzi apansi: Madzi apansi panthaka amakhala ndi fluoride, koma kuchuluka kwake kumasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala pakati pa 0.01 mpaka 0.3 ppm, koma m'malo ena pamakhala milingo yoopsa. Izi zitha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu azaumoyo (2).
• Zowonjezera za fluoride: Izi zimapezeka ngati madontho kapena mapiritsi. Mankhwala a fluoride amalimbikitsidwa kwa ana opitilira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga zibowo ndikukhala m'malo omwe alibe fluoridated ().
• Zakudya zina: Zakudya zina zimatha kusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi amadzimadzi kapena zitha kuyamwa fluoride m'nthaka. Masamba a tiyi, makamaka akale, akhoza kukhala ndi fluoride wochuluka kuposa zakudya zina (, 5,).
• Zogulitsa mano: Fluoride imawonjezeredwa kuzinthu zingapo zamankhwala pamsika, monga mankhwala otsukira mano komanso kutsuka mkamwa.

Madzi a fluoridated ndiwo gwero lalikulu la fluoride m'maiko ambiri. Zina mwazinthu zimaphatikizapo madzi apansi, zowonjezera ma fluoride, zakudya zina ndi mankhwala othandizira mano.

Fluoride Amathandizira Kuteteza Ming'alu ya Mano

Matenda a mano, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ming'alu kapena kuwola kwa mano, ndi matenda amkamwa ().

Amayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya omwe amakhala mkamwa mwako.

Mabakiteriyawa amawononga ma carbs ndikupanga ma organic omwe amatha kuwononga enamel a mano, mchere wokhala ndi mchere wakunja.

Asidiwa amatha kubweretsa kutayika kwa mchere kuchokera ku enamel, njira yotchedwa demineralization.

Kusintha kwa mchere, kotchedwa remineralization, sikugwirizana ndi michere yomwe yatayika, zimayamba kukhazikika.

Fluoride itha kuthandiza kupewa kutsekeka kwa mano ndi ():

• Kutsika kwa demineralization: Fluoride ikhoza kuthandizira kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mchere kuchokera ku enamel ya dzino.
• Kupititsa patsogolo kukumbukiranso: Fluoride imathandizira kukonzanso ndikuthandizira kubwezeretsa mchere mu enamel ().
• Kuletsa zochitika za bakiteriya: Fluoride imatha kuchepetsa kupangika kwa asidi posokoneza zochitika za michere ya mabakiteriya. Zingathenso kulepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya ().

M'zaka za m'ma 1980, zinawonetsedwa kuti fluoride imathandiza kwambiri popewera zotupa zikagwiritsidwa ntchito molunjika mano (,,).

Fluoride itha kulimbana ndi zotsekera poyerekeza pakati pa kupindula kwa mchere ndi kutayika kuchokera ku enamel ya dzino. Zingathenso kulepheretsa ntchito ya mabakiteriya owopsa amamwa.

Kudya Kwambiri Kungayambitse Fluorosis

Kuchuluka kwa fluoride kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kuyambitsa fluorosis.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu: mano fluorosis ndi skeletal fluorosis.

Mano Fluorosis

Mano fluorosis amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe owoneka pamawonekedwe a mano.

Mwanjira zochepa, kusintha kumawoneka koyera pamano ndipo makamaka ndimavuto azodzikongoletsa. Milandu yowopsa kwambiri siyodziwika kwenikweni, koma imalumikizidwa ndi mabala a bulauni ndi mano ofooka ().

Dental fluorosis imachitika kokha popanga mano ali mwana, koma nthawi yovuta kwambiri ili ndi zaka zosakwana ziwiri ().

Ana omwe amamwa kwambiri fluoride kuchokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana kwakanthawi amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha mano a fluorosis ().

Mwachitsanzo, amatha kumeza mankhwala otsukira mano ambiri ndipo amamwa kwambiri fluoride mu mawonekedwe owonjezera, kuwonjezera pakumwa madzi amadzimadzi.

Makanda omwe amapeza zakudya zawo makamaka kuchokera kumafomu osakanikirana ndi madzi amadzimadzi amathanso kukhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi mano a fluorosis ().

Dental fluorosis ndimkhalidwe womwe umasinthira mawonekedwe a mano, omwe nthawi zochepa amakhala opunduka. Zimangobadwa mwa ana pakukula kwa mano.

Mafupa a Fluorosis

Skeletal fluorosis ndi matenda am'mafupa omwe amaphatikizira kudzikundikira kwa fluoride mufupa kwazaka zambiri ().

Kumayambiriro, zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kuuma komanso kupweteka molumikizana. Milandu yayikulu pamapeto pake imatha kusintha mafupa ndikusintha mitsempha.

Skeletal fluorosis imapezeka kwambiri m'maiko ngati India ndi China.

Kumeneko, zimagwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi kumwa kwa nthawi yaitali madzi apansi panthaka okhala ndi fluoride wambiri mwachilengedwe, kapena kuposa 8 ppm (2, 19).

Njira zina zomwe anthu akumaderawa amalowetsa fluoride zimaphatikizapo kuyaka malasha m'nyumba ndikumwa tiyi wina wotchedwa tiyi wa njerwa (,).

Dziwani kuti chigoba cha fluorosis si vuto m'zigawo zomwe zimawonjezera fluoride m'madzi popewa patsekeke, popeza ndalamazo zimayang'aniridwa mwamphamvu.

Skeletal fluorosis imachitika kokha ngati anthu amakhala ndi fluoride wambiri kwakanthawi.

Skeletal fluorosis ndi matenda opweteka omwe amatha kusintha mawonekedwe a mafupa pamavuto akulu. Zimapezeka kwambiri kumadera ena ku Asia komwe madzi apansi panthaka amakhala ndi fluoride wambiri.

Kodi Fluoride Ili Ndi Zovuta Zina Zina?

Fluoride yakhala ikutsutsana kwanthawi yayitali ().

Mawebusayiti ambiri amati ndi poizoni yemwe amatha kuyambitsa mavuto amtundu uliwonse, kuphatikiza khansa.

Nayi nkhani zofala kwambiri zomwe zimakhudzana ndi fluoride komanso umboni wakumbuyo kwawo.

Mafupa Akuthyoka

Umboni wina umawonetsa kuti fluoride imatha kufooketsa mafupa ndikuwonjezera ngozi yophulika. Komabe, izi zimangochitika m'mikhalidwe ina ().

Kafukufuku wina adawona kuwonongeka kwa mafupa mwa anthu achi China okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fluoride wachilengedwe. Mitengo yovulala idakulirakulira pomwe anthu amakhala otsika kapena otsika kwambiri a fluoride kwanthawi yayitali ().

Kumbali inayi, kumwa madzi okhala ndi 1 ppm ya fluoride kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa ziwopsezo zophulika.

Kutsika kocheperako komanso kutsika kwambiri kwa fluoride kudzera m'madzi akumwa kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kuphwanya kwa mafupa mukamadya kwa nthawi yayitali. Kafukufuku wowonjezera amafunikira.

Kuopsa kwa Khansa

Osteosarcoma ndi khansa yapafupa yosowa. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mafupa akulu mthupi ndipo ndizofala kwambiri mwa achinyamata, makamaka amuna (,).

Kafukufuku wambiri adasanthula kulumikizana pakati pa madzi akumwa otsekemera ndi chiopsezo cha osteosarcoma. Ambiri sanapeze ulalo wowonekera (,,,,).

Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuyanjana pakati pa kupezeka kwa fluoride ali mwana komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya mafupa pakati pa anyamata achichepere, koma osati atsikana ().

Pazowopsa za khansa, palibe bungwe lomwe lapezeka ().

Palibe umboni wotsimikizira kuti madzi amadzimadzi amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha khansa yapafupa yosowa yotchedwa osteosarcoma, kapena khansa yonse.

Kukula Kwaubongo Woperewera

Pali zovuta zina za momwe fluoride imakhudzira ubongo wamunthu womwe ukukula.

Ndemanga imodzi idasanthula maphunziro owunikira 27 omwe amapangidwa ku China ().

Ana omwe amakhala m'malo omwe fluoride amapezeka m'madzi ochulukirapo anali ndi ziwonetsero zochepa za IQ, poyerekeza ndi omwe amakhala m'malo okhala ndi zotsika zochepa ().

Komabe, zotsatira zake zinali zochepa, zofanana ndi mfundo zisanu ndi ziwiri za IQ. Olembawo adanenanso kuti maphunziro omwe adawunikiridwa anali osakwanira.

Kuwunikanso kwina kwamaphunziro owonera makamaka ochokera ku China adapeza kuti madzi okhala ndi fluoride wambiri atha kukhala ndi vuto pa kuchuluka kwa IQ kwa ana. Komabe, izi ziyenera kuphunziridwa mozama kwambiri.

Kusungunuka kwa Madzi Ndi Kutsutsana

Kuphatikiza fluoride kumadzi akumwa pagulu ndichizolowezi chazaka zambiri, chotsutsana chofuna kuchepetsa zibowo ().

Kusintha kwamadzi kunayamba ku US mzaka za 1940, ndipo pafupifupi 70% ya anthu aku US pakadali pano amalandila madzi amadzimadzi.

Kutentha kumapezeka kawirikawiri ku Europe. Mayiko ambiri asankha kusiya kuwonjezera fluoride m'madzi akumwa pagulu chifukwa chachitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito (,).

Anthu ambiri amakayikiranso za kulowererapo kumeneku. Ena amati thanzi la mano sayenera kusamalidwa ndi "mankhwala ambiri," koma liyenera kuchitidwa pamlingo wa munthu aliyense (,).

Pakadali pano, mabungwe ambiri azaumoyo akupitilizabe kuthandizira kusinthasintha kwa madzi ndikunena kuti ndi njira yotsika mtengo yochepetsera zotsekera mano.

Kusintha kwamadzi ndi njira yazaumoyo wa anthu yomwe ikupitilizabe kukambirana. Ngakhale mabungwe ambiri azaumoyo amalichirikiza, ena amati mchitidwewu ndiwosayenera ndipo umafanana ndi "kumwa mankhwala ambiri."

Tengani Uthenga Wanyumba

Mofanana ndi michere yambiri, fluoride amawoneka kuti ndiotetezeka komanso wogwira ntchito akagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.

Itha kuthandizira kupewa zotchinga, koma kuidya kwambiri kudzera mumadzi akumwa kumatha kudzetsa mavuto azaumoyo.

Komabe, izi ndizovuta makamaka m'maiko omwe mumadzi amakhala ndi madzi ambiri, monga China ndi India.

Kuchuluka kwa fluoride kumayang'aniridwa mwamphamvu m'maiko omwe amawaonjezera mwadala madzi akumwa.

Pomwe ena amakayikira zamakhalidwe oyendetsera ntchitoyi, madzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi sangayambitse zovuta zina zathanzi.