Ma Platelet: zomwe iwo ali, momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi malingaliro awo

Zamkati

• Ntchito zazikulu
• Malingaliro owonetsera
• Momwe mungakulitsire ma platelet
• Pomwe kuperekera kwa ma platelet kukuwonetsedwa

Ma platelet ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta ma cell tomwe timachokera mu selo yopangidwa ndi mafupa, megakaryocyte. Ntchito yopanga ma megakaryocyte ndi mafupa ndi kugawanika m'maplatelet imatha pafupifupi masiku 10 ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi hormone thrombopoietin, yomwe imapangidwa ndi chiwindi ndi impso.

Maselo amatenga gawo lofunikira pakupanga mapulateleti, chifukwa chofunikira popewa kutaya magazi, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti kuchuluka kwa mapaleti ozungulira mthupi ndikofunikira.

Ntchito zazikulu

Maselo ndi ofunikira popanga mapulatelet mapangidwe munthawi yankho lakuvulala kwamitsempha. Pakakhala ma platelet, kutulutsa magazi kochulukirapo kumatha kuchitika mumitsuko yaying'ono, yomwe imatha kusokoneza thanzi la munthu.

Ntchito ya Platelet itha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu akulu, omwe ndi kumatira, kuphatikiza ndi kutulutsa ndipo amalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zotulutsidwa ndi ma platelet panthawiyi, komanso zinthu zina zomwe zimapangidwa ndi magazi ndi thupi. Pakakhala chovulala, ma platelet amatumizidwa kumalo ovulala kuti athetse magazi ambiri.

Patsamba lovulala, pamakhala kulumikizana kwapakati pa platelet ndi khoma lamaselo, njira yolumikizira, komanso kulumikizana pakati pa platelet ndi platelet (aggregation process), zomwe zimayanjanitsidwa ndikuti Von Willebrand amapezeka mkati mwa ma platelet. Kuphatikiza pa kutulutsidwa kwa Von Willebrand factor, pali kupanga ndi ntchito kwa zinthu zina ndi mapuloteni okhudzana ndi njira yotseka magazi.

Von Willebrand yomwe imapezeka m'maplateleti nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi factor VIII ya coagulation, yomwe ndiyofunikira pakuwongolera kwa factor X ndikupitiliza kwa coagulation cascade, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga fibrin, yomwe imafanana ndi pulagi yachiwiri ya hemostatic.

Malingaliro owonetsera

Kuti coagulation isasunthike komanso mapulagi amapangidwe kuti agwiritsidwe bwino, kuchuluka kwa magazi mumwazi kumayenera kukhala pakati pa 150,000 ndi 450,000 / mm³ yamagazi. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse kuchuluka kwa magazi othandiza magazi kuundana kuti achepetse kapena kuwonjezera magazi.

Thrombocytosis, yomwe imafanana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma platelet, nthawi zambiri siyimapanga zizindikiro, zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magazi. Kuwonjezeka kwa ma platelet nthawi zambiri kumakhudzana ndi kusintha kwa mafupa, matenda a myeloproliferative, hemolytic anemias komanso pambuyo pochita opaleshoni, mwachitsanzo, popeza thupi limayesetsa kupewa magazi ambiri. Phunzirani pazomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwamagulu.

Thrombocytopenia imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa ma platelet omwe atha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda omwe amadzitchinjiriza, matenda opatsirana, kuperewera kwachitsulo, folic acid kapena vitamini B12 ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi mavuto am'mimba, mwachitsanzo. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapaleti kumatha kuzindikiridwa ndi zizindikilo zina, monga kupezeka kwa magazi m'mphuno ndi m'kamwa, kuchuluka kusamba, kupezeka kwa mawanga ofiira pakhungu komanso kupezeka kwa magazi mumkodzo, mwachitsanzo. Dziwani zonse za thrombocytopenia.

Momwe mungakulitsire ma platelet

Njira imodzi yomwe ingapangitse kuwonjezera kupangidwa kwa ma platelet ndi kudzera m'malo mwa thrombopoietin, chifukwa mahomoniwa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti tizipangizo timeneti tizipanga. Komabe, hormone iyi sichipezeka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito, komabe pali mankhwala omwe amatsanzira ntchito ya hormone iyi, yomwe imatha kuwonjezera kupangidwa kwa ma platelet patatha masiku 6 kuchokera pomwe mankhwala ayamba, monga Romiplostim ndi Eltrombopag, yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi upangiri wa zamankhwala.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, komabe, kumalimbikitsidwa pokhapokha mutazindikira chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi, ndipo kungakhale kofunikira kuchotsa ndulu, kugwiritsa ntchito corticosteroids, maantibayotiki, kusefera magazi kapena ngakhale kupatsidwa magazi. Ndikofunikanso kukhala ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso chopatsa thanzi, chambewu chambiri, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, amadyera komanso nyama zowonda kuti zithandizire pakupanga maselo amwazi ndikukonda kuti thupi lizichira.

Pomwe kuperekera kwa ma platelet kukuwonetsedwa

Kupereka kwa mbale kumatha kupangidwa ndi aliyense amene amalemera makilogalamu opitilira 50 ndipo ali ndi thanzi labwino ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza kuchira kwa munthu yemwe amalandira chithandizo cha khansa ya m'magazi kapena mitundu ina ya khansa, anthu omwe akuwonjezeredwa m'mafupa komanso opaleshoni ya mtima, mwachitsanzo.

Zoperekazo zimatha kuchitidwa popanda vuto lililonse kwa woperekayo, popeza kuti m'malo mwa plateletyo zamoyozo zimatha pafupifupi maola 48, ndipo amapangidwa kuchokera pakusonkhanitsidwa kwa magazi athunthu kuchokera kwa woperekayo yemwe nthawi yomweyo amapyola centrifugation, kuti pali Kulekanitsidwa kwa magawo amwazi. Mukamayendetsa centrifugation, ma platelet amagawanika mthumba lapadera losonkhanitsira, pomwe zigawo zina zamagazi zimabwerera m'magazi a woperekayo.

Njirayi imatenga pafupifupi mphindi 90 ndipo yankho la anticoagulant limagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yonseyi kupewa kuundana ndi kusunga maselo amwazi. Zopereka za ma Platelet zimaloledwa kwa azimayi omwe sanakhalepo ndi pakati komanso kwa anthu omwe sanagwiritsepo ntchito aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid kapena mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mahomoni olimbana ndi zotupa m'masiku atatu asanakaperekedwe.