Ma Capillaries ndi Ntchito Zawo

Zamkati

• Kodi ma capillaries ndi otani?
• Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yama capillaries?
• Ma capillaries opitilira
• Ma capillaries odulidwa
• Ma capillaries a Sinusoid
• Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ma capillaries sagwira bwino ntchito?
• Madontho a vinyo wa Port
• Petechiae
• Matenda a capillary leak
• Matenda osokoneza bongo
• Matenda a Microcephaly-capillary malformation
• Mfundo yofunika

Ma capillaries ndi mitsempha yaying'ono kwambiri yamagazi - yocheperako kotero kuti khungu limodzi lofiira la magazi limangodutsamo.

Amathandizira kulumikiza mitsempha yanu ndi mitsempha kuwonjezera pakupangitsa kusinthana kwa zinthu zina pakati pa magazi anu ndi minyewa.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake minofu yomwe imagwira ntchito kwambiri, monga minofu yanu, chiwindi, ndi impso, imakhala ndi ma capillaries ambiri. Minofu yochepa yogwira ntchito, monga mitundu ina yolumikizira, ilibe zochuluka.

Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe ma capillaries amagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe zingawakhudze.

Kodi ma capillaries ndi otani?

Ma capillaries amalumikiza njira yamagetsi - yomwe imaphatikizapo mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imanyamula magazi kuchokera mumtima mwanu - ndi dongosolo lanu la venous. Mitsempha yanu imaphatikizapo mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imabweretsanso magazi kumtima kwanu.

Kusinthana kwa mpweya, michere, ndi zinyalala pakati pa magazi anu ndi zotupa kumachitikanso m'matumba anu. Izi zimachitika kudzera munjira ziwiri:

• Kufalikira chabe. Uku ndikusuntha kwa chinthu kuchokera kudera lokwera kwambiri kupita kudera laling'ono.
• Pinocytosis. Izi zikutanthauza njira yomwe maselo amthupi lanu amatengera mwachangu mamolekyulu ang'onoang'ono, monga mafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Makoma a ma capillaries amapangidwa ndi khungu lochepa kwambiri lotchedwa endothelium lomwe lazunguliridwa ndi gawo lina lowonda lotchedwa nembanemba yapansi.

Mapangidwe awo amtundu umodzi wa endothelium, omwe amasiyanasiyana pakati pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma capillaries, ndi nembanemba yapansi yapansi imapangitsa ma capillaries kukhala "otayikira" kuposa mitundu ina yamitsempha yamagazi. Izi zimalola mpweya ndi mamolekyu ena kufikira maselo amthupi lanu mosavuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, maselo oyera am'thupi lanu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma capillaries kuti akafikire malo omwe amapezeka matenda kapena zotupa zina.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yama capillaries?

Pali mitundu itatu yama capillaries. Iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe osiyana pang'ono omwe amalola kuti igwire ntchito m'njira yapadera.

Ma capillaries opitilira

Izi ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri yama capillaries. Amakhala ndi mipata yaying'ono pakati pama cell endothelial omwe amalola zinthu monga mpweya, madzi, shuga (glucose), ndi mahomoni ena kuti adutse.

Ma capillaries opitilira muubongo ndiosiyana, komabe.

Ma capillaries awa ndi gawo lotchinga magazi ndiubongo, omwe amathandiza kuteteza ubongo wanu polola kuti michere yofunikira kwambiri iwoloke.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma capillaries opitilira m'dera lino alibe mipata pakati pa ma endothelial cell, ndipo nembanemba yawo yapansi yapansi ndiyonso yolimba.

Ma capillaries odulidwa

Ma capillaries odulidwa amakhala "otayikira" kuposa ma capillaries opitilira. Amakhala ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikiza mipata yaying'ono pakati pamaselo, m'makoma awo omwe amalola kusinthana kwama molekyulu akulu.

Mtundu uwu wa capillary umapezeka m'malo omwe amafunikira kusinthana kwakukulu pakati pa magazi anu ndi zotupa. Zitsanzo za madera awa ndi monga:

• matumbo ang'onoang'ono, pomwe zakudya zimayamwa kuchokera pachakudya
• impso, zomwe zonyansa zimasefedwa m'magazi

Ma capillaries a Sinusoid

Awa ndi mtundu wa capillary wosowa kwambiri komanso "wotayikira kwambiri". Ma capillaries a Sinusoid amalola kusinthana kwama molekyulu akulu, ngakhale maselo. Amatha kuchita izi chifukwa ali ndi mipata ikuluikulu m'makoma awo a capillary, kuwonjezera pa ma pores ndi mipata yaying'ono. Kakhungu koyandikana ndi kansalu kameneka sikakwanira kutseguka m'malo ambiri.

Mitundu iyi yama capillaries imapezeka m'matumba ena, kuphatikiza ziwindi, ndulu, ndi mafupa.

Mwachitsanzo, m'mafupa anu, ma capillaries awa amalola maselo amwazi omwe atuluka kumene kuti alowe m'magazi ndikuyamba kuzungulira.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ma capillaries sagwira bwino ntchito?

Ngakhale ma capillaries ndi ochepa kwambiri, chilichonse chachilendo pakugwira kwawo chimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zowonekera kapena matenda atha kukhala owopsa.

Madontho a vinyo wa Port

Madontho a vinyo wa Port ndi mtundu wa chizindikiro chobadwira chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndikukula kwa ma capillaries omwe ali pakhungu lanu. Kukulirakulira kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti khungu liziwoneka ngati pinki kapena lofiira kwambiri, ndikupatsa dzinalo dzina. Popita nthawi, amatha kukhala amdima komanso akuda.

Ngakhale samachoka paokha, zothimbirira vinyo wa padoko sizimafalikiranso kumadera ena.

Madontho a vinyo ku Port samasowa chithandizo, ngakhale chithandizo cha laser chitha kuwathandiza kuti akhale owala.

Petechiae

Petechiae ndi ang'onoang'ono, mawanga ozungulira omwe amapezeka pakhungu. Amakhala pafupifupi kukula kwa mutu wa pini, amatha kukhala ofiira kapena ofiirira, ndipo amakhala osalala pakhungu. Zimachitika ma capillaries omwe amatulutsa magazi pakhungu. Siziwalitsa utoto pakapanikizika.

Petechiae nthawi zambiri amakhala chizindikiro cha vuto, kuphatikizapo:

• matenda opatsirana, monga scarlet fever, meningococcal disease, ndi malungo a Rocky Mountain
• kupwetekedwa mtima chifukwa chovutika kwinaku ukusanza kapena kutsokomola
• khansa ya m'magazi
• chiseyeye
• magulu otsika kwambiri

Mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo penicillin, amathanso kuyambitsa petechiae ngati mbali ina.

Matenda a capillary leak

Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) ndichinthu chosowa chomwe sichikhala ndi chifukwa chomveka. Koma akatswiri amaganiza kuti ikhoza kukhala yokhudzana ndi chinthu chamagazi chomwe chimawononga makoma a capillary.

Anthu omwe ali ndi SCLS amakhala ndi ziwonetsero zomwe zimachitika pomwe kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsika mwachangu kwambiri. Kuukira kumeneku kumatha kukhala koopsa ndipo kumafuna chithandizo chadzidzidzi.

Kuukira kumeneku kumatsatiridwa ndi zizindikilo zoyambirira, kuphatikiza:

• Kuchuluka kwa mphuno
• chifuwa
• nseru
• mutu
• kupweteka m'mimba
• mutu wopepuka
• kutupa mikono ndi miyendo
• kukomoka

SCLS nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuti izi zisachitike.

Matenda osokoneza bongo

Anthu omwe ali ndi arteriovenous malformation syndrome (AVM) ali ndi mitsempha yachilendo ndi mitsempha yomwe imalumikizana popanda ma capillaries pakati. Zingwe izi zimatha kupezeka paliponse mthupi, koma zimapezeka kwambiri muubongo ndi msana.

Izi zitha kuyambitsa zotupa zomwe zimasokoneza kuyenda kwa magazi komanso kuperekera kwa oxygen. Zilondazi zingayambitsenso magazi m'magulu oyandikana nawo.

AVM nthawi zambiri siyimayambitsa zizindikiro, chifukwa chake imangopezeka poyesera kupeza vuto lina. Komabe, nthawi zina, zimatha kuyambitsa:

• kupweteka mutu
• ululu
• kufooka
• zimatulutsa masomphenya, kuyankhula, kapena kuyenda
• kugwidwa

AVM ndichikhalidwe chosowa chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhalapo panthawi yobadwa. Chithandizochi nthawi zambiri chimakhudza kuchotsa kapena kutseka kwa chotupa cha AVM. Mankhwala amathandizanso kuthana ndi zizindikilo, monga kupweteka kapena kupweteka mutu.

Matenda a Microcephaly-capillary malformation

Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome ndi matenda osowa omwe amabwera asanabadwe.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ali ndi mitu yaying'ono komanso ubongo. Amakhalanso ndi ma capillaries omwe amakulitsa kutuluka kwa magazi pafupi ndi khungu, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa mawanga ofiira pakhungu.

Zizindikiro zowonjezera zitha kuphatikiza:

• kuchedwa kwakukulu kwakukula
• kugwidwa
• kuvuta kudya
• mayendedwe achilendo
• mawonekedwe osiyana pankhope, omwe atha kuphatikizira mphumi wopendekera, nkhope yozungulira, ndikukula kwachilendo kwa tsitsi
• kukula pang'onopang'ono
• wamfupi kapena wochepa msinkhu
• zala ndi zala zazing'ono, kuphatikiza misomali yaying'ono kapena yopanda kanthu

Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome imayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa jini linalake lotchedwa KUSINTHA jini. Kusintha kwa jini imeneyi kumatha kupangitsa kuti maselo azifa pakukula, zomwe zimakhudza gawo lonse la chitukuko.

Chithandizo cha vutoli chitha kuphatikizira kukondoweza - makamaka kudzera pakumva komanso kukhudza - kulimbitsa thupi kuti mukhale okhazikika, komanso mankhwala a anticonvulsant othandizira kusamalira khunyu.

Mfundo yofunika

Ma capillaries ndi timitsempha tating'onoting'ono tamagazi tomwe timathandiza kwambiri pakusinthana kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana pakati pamagazi anu ndimatenda. Pali mitundu ingapo yama capillaries, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi magwiridwe ake.