Opaleshoni ya Mtima

Zamkati

• Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtima imadutsa bwanji opaleshoni?
• Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani munthu angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni yamtima?
• Kodi kufunikira kwa kupitilira opaleshoni kumatsimikiziridwa bwanji?
• Kodi kuopsa kwa mtima wodutsa opaleshoni ndi kotani?
• Kodi njira zina ziti zopitilira opaleshoni ya mtima?
• Balloon angioplasty
• Kupititsa patsogolo kuwongolera kwina (EECP)
• Mankhwala
• Zakudya ndi kusintha kwa moyo
• Kodi ndimakonzekera bwanji kupitirira opaleshoni?
• Malangizo a opaleshoni ya mtima
  
• Kodi opaleshoni yopyola mtima imachitika bwanji?
• Gawo loyamba
• Kulumikizana ndi makina olambalala a cardiopulmonary
• Ankalumikiza
• Masitepe omaliza
• Ndani angathandize pochita opareshoni?
• Kodi zimakhala bwanji kuti achire pambuyo pochita opaleshoni ya mtima?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuuza dokotala liti za zowawa pambuyo pa opaleshoni?
• Ndi mankhwala ati omwe ndimwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya mtima?
• Kodi zotsatira zoyipa za opaleshoni yodutsa ndizotani?

Kodi opaleshoni yopyola mtima ndi chiyani?

Kuchita opaleshoni yodutsa pamtima, kapena opaleshoni ya coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangitsa magazi kuyenda mumtima mwanu. Dokotala wochita opaleshoni amagwiritsa ntchito mitsempha yamagazi yotengedwa mbali ina ya thupi lanu kupyola mitsempha yowonongeka.

Madokotala amachita maopaleshoni pafupifupi 200,000 ku United States chaka chilichonse.

Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumachitika mitsempha yamitsempha ikakhala yotsekedwa kapena kuwonongeka. Mitsempha imeneyi imapatsa mtima wanu magazi okosijeni. Mitsempha imeneyi ikatsekeka kapena magazi ataletsedwa, mtima sugwira bwino ntchito. Izi zitha kubweretsa kulephera kwamtima.

Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtima imadutsa bwanji opaleshoni?

Dokotala wanu amalangiza mtundu wina wa opaleshoni yodutsamo malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yanu yotsekedwa.

• Kulambalala kumodzi. Mitsempha imodzi yokha ndiyo yotsekedwa.
• Kudutsa kawiri. Mitsempha iwiri imatsekedwa.
• Kulambalala katatu. Mitsempha itatu ndi yotseka.
• Kulambalala kawiri. Mitsempha inayi yatsekedwa.

Kuopsa kwanu kokhala ndi vuto la mtima, kulephera kwa mtima, kapena vuto lina lamtima kumadalira kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yotsekedwa. Kutsekedwa kwa mitsempha yambiri kumatanthauzanso kuti opareshoniyo imatha kutenga nthawi yayitali kapena kukhala yovuta kwambiri.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani munthu angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni yamtima?

Zinthu zakuthupi m'mwazi mwanu zotchedwa chipika zikakhazikika pamakoma anu azigawo, magazi ochepera amayenda mpaka paminyewa yamtima. Matenda amtunduwu (CAD) amadziwika kuti atherosclerosis.

Mtima umakhala wotopa kwambiri ndipo umalephera ngati sukulandira magazi okwanira. Atherosclerosis imatha kukhudza mitsempha iliyonse mthupi.

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuchita opaleshoni ya mtima ngati mitsempha yanu yocheperako ichepetsedwa kapena kutsekedwa kotero kuti mumakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda amtima.

Dokotala wanu amalimbikitsanso kuti azichita opaleshoni yothina ngati kutsekeka kwake kuli kovuta kwambiri kuti athe kusamalira ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala ena.

Kodi kufunikira kwa kupitilira opaleshoni kumatsimikiziridwa bwanji?

Gulu la madokotala, kuphatikizapo katswiri wa matenda a mtima, amadziwa ngati mungathe kuchitidwa opaleshoni yotseguka mtima. Matenda ena amatha kupangitsa opaleshoni kapena kuyimitsa ngati kuthekera.

Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse zovuta ndizo:

• matenda ashuga
• emphysema
• matenda a impso
• matenda a m'mitsempha (PAD)

Kambiranani ndi dokotala izi musanakonzekere opaleshoni yanu. Mufunikanso kukambirana za mbiri yakuchipatala yabanja lanu ndi mankhwala aliwonse omwe mumamwa. Zotsatira zochitidwa opaleshoni nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino kuposa opaleshoni yadzidzidzi.

Kodi kuopsa kwa mtima wodutsa opaleshoni ndi kotani?

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi opaleshoni yotseguka yamtima, opyola mtima pamakhala zoopsa. Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwaukadaulo kwasintha njirayi, ndikuwonjezera mwayi wochita opaleshoni yopambana.

Palinso chiopsezo cha zovuta zina pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Zovuta izi zitha kuphatikiza:

• magazi
• chantho
• kuundana kwamagazi
• kupweteka pachifuwa
• matenda
• impso kulephera
• matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko

Kodi njira zina ziti zopitilira opaleshoni ya mtima?

M'zaka khumi zapitazi, njira zina zowonjezera zamankhwala zodutsira mtima zapezeka. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Balloon angioplasty

Balloon angioplasty ndi njira ina yomwe ingakhale yolimbikitsidwa ndi madokotala. Mukamalandira chithandizo, chubu imakulungidwa kudzera mumitsempha yanu yotsekedwa. Pambuyo pake, chibaluni chaching'ono chimakulitsa mpweya.

Kenako dokotala akuchotsa chubu ndi buluni. Chitsulo chaching'ono chachitsulo, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti stent, chidzasiyidwa m'malo mwake. Mphamvu imathandiza kuti mitsempha isamangobwerera m'mbuyo kukula kwake.

Balloon angioplasty mwina singakhale yothandiza ngati opaleshoni yodutsa mtima, koma siyowopsa kwenikweni.

Kupititsa patsogolo kuwongolera kwina (EECP)

Kupititsa patsogolo kukakamiza kwakunja (EECP) ndi njira yochotsera kunja. Itha kuchitidwa pamtima pochita opaleshoni, malinga ndi angapo. Mu 2002, idavomerezedwa ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima wosakhazikika (CHF).

EECP imakhudza kupanikiza mitsempha yamagazi m'miyendo yakumunsi. Izi zimapangitsa magazi kuyenda mumtima. Magazi owonjezerawo amaperekedwa pamtima ndi kugunda kulikonse.

Popita nthawi, mitsempha ina yamagazi imatha kupanga "nthambi" zowonjezera zomwe zimapereka magazi kumtima, ndikukhala ngati "njira yachilengedwe".

EECP imayendetsedwa tsiku lililonse kwa ola limodzi kapena awiri pakadutsa milungu isanu ndi iwiri.

Mankhwala

Pali mankhwala ena omwe mungaganizire musanagwiritse ntchito njira monga opaleshoni yamtima. Beta-blockers amatha kuthetsa angina okhazikika. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mafuta m'thupi kuti muchepetse zolembera m'mitsempha yanu.

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya aspirin (mwana wa aspirin) tsiku lililonse kuti ateteze matenda amtima. Mankhwala a aspirin ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale ya matenda a mtima (monga matenda amtima kapena stroke).

Omwe alibe mbiri yakale ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito aspirin ngati mankhwala oletsa ngati:

• Ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda amtima komanso matenda ena amtima
• mulinso pachiwopsezo chotsika magazi

Zakudya ndi kusintha kwa moyo

Njira yodzitetezera yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kukhala ndi moyo "wathanzi", malinga ndi American Heart Association (AHA). Kudya chakudya chokhala ndi omega-3 fatty acids komanso mafuta ochepa komanso osakanikirana amathandiza mtima wanu kukhala wathanzi.

Kodi ndimakonzekera bwanji kupitirira opaleshoni?

Ngati dokotala akuvomereza kuchitidwa opaleshoni yamtima, adzakupatsani malangizo athunthu okonzekera.

Ngati opaleshoniyi idakonzedweratu ndipo siyomwe ikuchitika mwadzidzidzi, mosakayikira mudzakhala ndi maopareshoni angapo musanachite opaleshoni komwe mudzafunsidwe za mbiri yanu yazachipatala komanso yabanja.

Mudzayesedwanso kangapo kuti muthandize dokotala kukhala ndi chithunzi cholondola cha thanzi lanu. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• kuyesa magazi
• X-ray pachifuwa
• electrocardiogram (ECG kapena EKG)
• angiogram

Malangizo a opaleshoni ya mtima

• Funsani upangiri wa dokotala wanu zamankhwala aliwonse omwe amakhudza momwe magazi anu amaundana. Zochepetsa ululu zambiri komanso mankhwala amtima zimakhudza kuundana, chifukwa chake mungafunike kusiya kumwa.
• Siyani kusuta. Ndizoyipa pamtima panu ndikuwonjezera nthawi yakuchira.
• Uzani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za chimfine kapena chimfine. Makamaka, chimfine chimatha kupsinjika pamtima ndipo chitha kukulitsa mwayi wopwetekedwa mtima kapena kukulitsa mtima kulephera. Ikhozanso kuyambitsa myocarditis, pericarditis, kapena zonse ziwiri. Izi ndi matenda opatsirana mtima kwambiri.
• Konzani nyumba yanu ndikukonzekera kukhala mchipatala masiku angapo.
• Pochepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda, sambani thupi lanu ndi sopo wapadera, monga Hibiclens, usiku woti achite opaleshoni. Zimapangidwa ndi chlorhexidine, zomwe zingathandize kuti thupi lanu lisakhale ndi majeremusi mpaka opareshoni.
• Fast, yomwe imaphatikizapo kusamwa madzi, kuyambira pakati pausiku musanachite opareshoni.
• Tengani mankhwala onse omwe dokotala wanu amakupatsani.

Kodi opaleshoni yopyola mtima imachitika bwanji?

Musanachite opareshoni, mudzasintha chovala cha kuchipatala ndikulandila mankhwala, madzi, ndi dzanzi kudzera mu IV. Anesthesia ikayamba kugwira ntchito, mudzagona tulo tofa nato, topanda ululu.

Gawo loyamba

Dokotala wanu amayamba kupanga cheke pakati pa chifuwa chanu.

Nthiti zanu zimafalikira kuti muwonetse mtima wanu. Dokotala wanu amathanso kusankha kuchitidwa opaleshoni yocheperako, yomwe imaphatikizapo mabala ang'onoang'ono ndi zida zapadera zopangira ma robotic.

Kulumikizana ndi makina olambalala a cardiopulmonary

Mutha kulumikizidwa ndi makina olowera m'mitsempha yamagazi omwe amayendetsa magazi okhala ndi mpweya kudzera m'thupi lanu pomwe dotolo wanu akugwira ntchito pamtima panu.

Njira zina zimachitidwira "pampu yopopera," kutanthauza kuti kulumikiza inu ndi makina olowera m'mimba sikofunikira.

Ankalumikiza

Dokotala wanu amachotsa mtsempha wamagazi wathanzi kuchokera kumiyendo kuti adutse gawo lotsekedwa kapena lowonongeka la mtsempha wanu. Mapeto ena omezera amamangirizidwa pamwamba pa kutseka ndipo kumapeto kwina pansipa.

Masitepe omaliza

Dokotala wanu akamaliza, ntchito yodutsapo imayang'aniridwa. Mukadutsa njira yolambalalitsira, mudzasokedwa, kumangidwanso, ndikupita nawo kuchipatala cha anthu odwala mwakayakaya (ICU) kukawunika.

Ndani angathandize pochita opareshoni?

Pa nthawi yonse ya opaleshoniyi, mitundu ingapo ya akatswiri amaonetsetsa kuti njirayi yachitika moyenera. Katswiri wama perfusion amagwira ntchito ndi makina olowera m'mitsempha yama mtima.

Dokotala wochita opaleshoni yamitsempha amachita izi ndipo wochita opaleshoni ya dzanzi amatsimikizira kuti anesthesia imaperekedwa m'thupi lanu moyenera kuti musakomoke pochita izi.

Akatswiri ojambula zithunzi amathanso kupezeka kuti atenge ma X-ray kapena athandizire kuwonetsetsa kuti gululi litha kuwona malo ochitirako opaleshoniyi komanso ziphuphu zozungulira.

Kodi zimakhala bwanji kuti achire pambuyo pochita opaleshoni ya mtima?

Mukadzuka kuchokera pamtima pochita opaleshoni, mudzakhala ndi chubu pakamwa panu. Muthanso kumva kupweteka kapena kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zake, kuphatikizapo:

• kupweteka pamalowa
• kupweteka ndi mpweya wabwino
• kupweteka ndi kutsokomola

Muyenera kuti mudzakhala ku ICU kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri kuti zizindikilo zanu zofunikira ziziyang'aniridwa. Mukakhazikika, mudzasunthidwa kupita kuchipinda china. Khalani okonzeka kukhala mchipatala masiku angapo.

Musanatuluke muchipatala, gulu lanu lazachipatala lidzakupatsani malangizo amomwe mungadzisamalire, kuphatikizapo:

• kusamalira mabala anu
• kupeza mpumulo wokwanira
• kupewa kunyamula zolemetsa

Ngakhale popanda zovuta, kuchira pamtima pochita opaleshoni kumatha kutenga milungu 6 mpaka 12. Ndiwo nthawi yocheperako yomwe pamafunika kuti chifuwa chanu chizichira.

Munthawi imeneyi, muyenera kupewa kuchita zolimba. Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala okhudza kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komanso, simuyenera kuyendetsa galimoto mpaka mutalandira chilolezo kuchokera kwa dokotala wanu.

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kukonzanso mtima. Izi ziphatikizapo machitidwe oyang'aniridwa mosamala komanso kuyesa kupsinjika kwakanthawi kuti muwone momwe mtima wanu uchira.

Kodi ndiyenera kuuza dokotala liti za zowawa pambuyo pa opaleshoni?

Uzani dokotala wanu za zowawa kapena zokhumudwitsa zanthawi zonse mukamadzasankhidwa. Muyeneranso kuyimbira foni dokotala mukakumana ndi izi:

• malungo opitilira 100.4 ° F (38 ° C)
• kukulitsa ululu m'chifuwa chanu
• kugunda kwamtima mwachangu
• kufiira kapena kutulutsa mozungulira utoto

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe ndimwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya mtima?

Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani mankhwala okuthandizani kuthana ndi ululu wanu, monga ibuprofen (Advil) kapena acetaminophen (Tylenol). Muthanso kulandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa chakumva kuwawa.

Dokotala wanu adzakupatsaninso mankhwala kuti akuthandizireni pakuchira. Izi ziphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mankhwala ena omwe dokotala amakupatsani.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zomwe mapulani anu amakuthandizani. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati muli ndi matenda monga matenda ashuga kapena zomwe zimakhudza m'mimba kapena chiwindi.

Kodi zotsatira zoyipa za opaleshoni yodutsa ndizotani?

Pambuyo pochita opaleshoni yopambana pamtima, zisonyezo monga kupuma movutikira, chifuwa, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatha kusintha.

Kudutsa kumatha kuwonjezera magazi kupita mumtima, koma mungafunike kusintha zina kuti muteteze matenda amtsogolo amtsogolo.

Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zochitira opaleshoni zimawonedwa mwa anthu omwe amasintha moyo wawo wathanzi. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu zakusintha kwa zakudya ndi zina zomwe mungasinthe mukachitidwa opaleshoni.