Kodi Kutanthauzira Kumatanthauza Chiyani?

Zamkati

• Kutanthauzira kosasunthika
• Kusiyana pakati pa heterozygous ndi homozygous
• Chitsanzo cha Heterozygous
• Kulamulira kwathunthu
• Kulamulira kosakwanira
• Kusankhidwa
• Mitundu ya Heterozygous ndi matenda
• Matenda a Huntington
• Matenda a Marfan
• Wodziwika bwino wa hypercholesterolemia
• Tengera kwina

Kutanthauzira kosasunthika

Majini anu amapangidwa ndi DNA. DNA iyi imapereka malangizo, omwe amatsimikizira mikhalidwe monga mtundu wa tsitsi lanu ndi mtundu wamagazi.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini. Mtundu uliwonse umatchedwa kuti allele. Pa jini iliyonse, mumalandira ma alleles awiri: m'modzi kuchokera kwa abambo anu obadwa ndi m'modzi kuchokera kwa mayi anu obereka. Pamodzi, ma alleles amatchedwa genotype.

Ngati mitundu iwiriyi ndiyosiyana, muli ndi heterozygous genotype ya jini limenelo. Mwachitsanzo, kukhala heterozygous wa utoto wa tsitsi kungatanthauze kuti mumakhala ndi tsitsi limodzi lofiira komanso limodzi lokhala ndi bulauni.

Chiyanjano pakati pa ma alleles awiriwa chimakhudza mikhalidwe yomwe imafotokozedwa. Zimatsimikiziranso zomwe inu mumanyamula.

Tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo la kukhala heterozygous komanso gawo lomwe limagwira mu chibadwa chanu.

Kusiyana pakati pa heterozygous ndi homozygous

Mtundu wa homozygous genotype ndi wosiyana ndi heterozygous genotype.

Ngati ndinu homozygous wa jini inayake, mudalandira cholowa chofanana. Zikutanthauza kuti makolo anu obereka adapereka mitundu yofananira.

Pankhaniyi, mutha kukhala ndi ma alleles awiri wamba kapena ma alleles awiri osinthidwa. Ma alleles osinthika atha kubweretsa matenda ndipo tidzakambirana mtsogolo. Izi zimakhudzanso zomwe zimawoneka.

Chitsanzo cha Heterozygous

Mu heterozygous genotype, ma alleles awiriwa amalumikizana. Izi zimatsimikizira momwe mikhalidwe yawo imafotokozedwera.

Nthawi zambiri, kulumikizanaku kumakhazikitsidwa pakulamulira. Mawu omwe amafotokozedwa mwamphamvu amatchedwa "opambana," pomwe enawo amatchedwa "osasintha." Izi zowoneka bwino kwambiri zimaphimbidwa ndi wamkulu.

Kutengera momwe majini akuluakulu komanso osakanikirana amagwirira ntchito, mtundu wa heterozygous genotype ungaphatikizepo:

Kulamulira kwathunthu

Mukulamulira kwathunthu, kutsogola kopambana kumaphimba kwathunthu. Kulephera komweku sikufotokozedwera konse.

Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi mtundu wamaso, womwe umayang'aniridwa ndi majini angapo. Zomwe zili ndi maso a bulauni ndizofunika kwambiri kwa zamaso a buluu. Ngati muli ndi limodzi, mudzakhala ndi maso abulauni.

Komabe, mumakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe abulu amaso amtambo. Ngati mungabereke ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lomweli, ndizotheka kuti mwana wanu adzakhala ndi maso abuluu.

Kulamulira kosakwanira

Kulamulira kosakwanira kumachitika pomwe chiwongolero chachikulu sichiposa china chilichonse. M'malo mwake, amaphatikizana pamodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa khalidwe lachitatu.

Ulamuliro wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri umawoneka pakupanga tsitsi. Ngati muli ndi allele imodzi yokhala ndi tsitsi lopotana komanso ina yowongoka, mudzakhala ndi tsitsi lopindika. Kukula kwake ndikophatikizika kwa tsitsi lopotana komanso lowongoka.

Kusankhidwa

Kuphatikizika kumachitika pomwe ma alleles awiriwo amayimilira nthawi yomweyo. Samaphatikizana limodzi, komabe. Makhalidwe onsewa amafotokozedwanso chimodzimodzi.

Chitsanzo chazipembedzo ndi mtundu wamagazi a AB. Poterepa, muli ndi gawo limodzi lamagazi A mtundu umodzi ndi limodzi la mtundu B. M'malo mosakanikirana ndikupanga mtundu wachitatu, ma alleles onse amapanga zonse mitundu yamagazi. Izi zimabweretsa magazi amtundu wa AB.

Mitundu ya Heterozygous ndi matenda

Kusintha kosinthika kumatha kuyambitsa chibadwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti kusinthika kumasintha momwe DNA imafotokozedwera.

Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, kusintha komwe kungasinthidwe kumatha kukhala kwakukulu kapena kopitilira muyeso. Ngati ikulamulira, zikutanthauza kuti pamafunika kopi imodzi yokha yosinthidwa kuti ibweretse matenda. Matendawa amatchedwa "matenda ofala" kapena "matenda ofala kwambiri."

Ngati muli heterozygous chifukwa cha vuto lalikulu, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa. Kumbali inayi, ngati ndinu heterozygous pakusintha kosinthika, simupeza. Zomwe zimakhalapo nthawi zonse zimatenga ndipo mumangonyamula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ana anu akhoza kuchilandira.

Zitsanzo za matenda akulu ndi awa:

Matenda a Huntington

Mtundu wa HTT umapanga kusaka nyama, puloteni yomwe imakhudzana ndi maselo amitsempha muubongo. Kusintha kwa jini imeneyi kumayambitsa matenda a Huntington, matenda osokoneza bongo.

Popeza jini losinthidwa limakhala lalikulu, munthu yemwe ali ndi kope limodzi lokha amadwala matenda a Huntington. Mkhalidwe wopita patsogolo waubongo, womwe umakonda kuwonekera ukalamba, ungayambitse:

• kusuntha kosachita kufuna
• nkhani zamaganizidwe
• kusazindikira bwino
• kuyenda movutikira, kuyankhula, kapena kumeza

Matenda a Marfan

Matenda a Marfan amaphatikizapo minofu yolumikizana, yomwe imapereka mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe ku kapangidwe ka thupi. Matendawa amatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro monga:

• msana wopindika, kapena scoliosis
• kuchuluka kwa mafupa amikono ndi miyendo
• kuwona pafupi
• mavuto ndi aorta, womwe ndi mtsempha wamagazi womwe umabweretsa magazi kuchokera mumtima mwanu kupita mthupi lanu lonse

Matenda a Marfan amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa FBN1 jini. Apanso, pakufunika chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chingayambitse vutoli.

Wodziwika bwino wa hypercholesterolemia

Wodziwika bwino wa hypercholesterolemia (FH) amapezeka m'matenda amtundu wa heterozygous okhala ndi mtundu wosinthika wa APOB, LDLR, kapena Maofesi a Mawebusaiti jini. Ndizofala, zimakhudza anthu.

FH imayambitsa ma cholesterol ambiri a LDL, omwe amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha matenda amitsempha akadali aang'ono.

Tengera kwina

Mukakhala heterozygous wa jini inayake, zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya jini. Mawonekedwe opambana amatha kuphimba kwathunthu, kapena amatha kuphatikiza limodzi. Nthawi zina, mitundu yonse iwiri imawoneka nthawi imodzi.

Ma jini awiriwa amatha kulumikizana m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ubale wawo ndi womwe umawongolera mawonekedwe anu, mtundu wamagazi, ndi zikhalidwe zonse zomwe zimakupangitsani kukhala chomwe muli.