Autism Yogwira Ntchito Kwambiri

Zamkati

• Kodi autism yogwira ntchito kwambiri ndi yotani?
• Kodi ndizosiyana ndi Asperger's syndrome?
• Kodi misinkhu ya autism ndi iti?
• Kodi magulu a ASD amadziwika bwanji?
• Kodi magulu osiyanasiyana amathandizidwa bwanji?
• Mfundo yofunika

Kodi autism yogwira ntchito kwambiri ndi yotani?

Autism yogwira ntchito sichachipatala chovomerezeka. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la autism omwe amawerenga, kulemba, kuyankhula, ndikuwongolera maluso a moyo popanda kuthandizidwa kwambiri.

Autism ndi vuto la neurodevelopmental lomwe limadziwika ndi zovuta chifukwa chocheza komanso kulumikizana. Zizindikiro zake zimayambira pofatsa mpaka zovuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake autism tsopano ikutchedwa autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autism yogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza omwe ali kumapeto kwenikweni kwa sipekitiramu.

Pemphani kuti mudziwe zambiri za autism yogwira ntchito komanso milingo ya autism.

Kodi ndizosiyana ndi Asperger's syndrome?

Mpaka pomwe kuwunikiridwa kwaposachedwa kwa Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM), matenda omwe amadziwika kuti Asperger's syndrome amadziwika kuti ndi osiyana. Anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a Asperger anali ndi zizindikilo zingapo zofananira ndi autism osachedwa kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo, chitukuko chakumvetsetsa, chitukuko cha maluso othandiza pazaka zawo, machitidwe osintha, komanso chidwi chachilengedwe. Zizindikiro zawo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa komanso zosakhudza moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku.

Anthu ena amaganiza kuti zinthu ziwirizi ndizofanana, ngakhale autism yogwira ntchito sizodziwika bwino. Autism itakhala ASD, zovuta zina zama neurodevelopmental, kuphatikiza Asperger's syndrome, zidachotsedwa mu DSM-5. M'malo mwake, autism tsopano imagawidwa mwamphamvu ndipo itha kutsagana ndi zovuta zina.

Kodi misinkhu ya autism ndi iti?

American Psychiatric Association (APA) ili ndi mndandanda wazovuta zomwe zadziwika. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disways lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri kuthandiza madokotala kuyerekezera zizindikiritso ndikupeza matenda. Mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri, DSM-5, udatulutsidwa mu 2013. Mtundu uwu udaphatikiza zochitika zonse zokhudzana ndi autism pansi pa nthawi imodzi ya ambulera - ASD.

Lero, ASD yagawidwa m'magulu atatu omwe akuwonetsa kuuma kwake:

• Mzere 1. Ili ndiye gawo lofatsa kwambiri la ASD. Anthu pamlingo uwu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa zomwe sizimasokoneza ntchito, sukulu, kapena maubale. Izi ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amatanthauza akamagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti high-functioning autism kapena Asperger's syndrome.
• Mzere 2. Anthu pa mulingo uwu amafunika kuthandizidwa, monga chithandizo chamalankhulidwe kapena maphunziro aukadaulo.
• Mzere 3. Uwu ndiye mulingo wovuta kwambiri wa ASD. Anthu omwe ali pamilingo iyi amafunika kuthandizidwa kwambiri, kuphatikiza othandizira nthawi zonse kapena chithandizo chambiri nthawi zina.

Kodi magulu a ASD amadziwika bwanji?

Palibe mayeso amodzi odziwitsa milingo ya ASD. M'malo mwake, adotolo kapena wama psychology amatha nthawi yayitali akulankhula ndi wina ndikuwona machitidwe awo kuti amve bwino:

• kukula kwamawu ndi malingaliro
• kuthekera kwachikhalidwe ndi malingaliro
• maluso olankhulirana osalankhula

Ayesanso kuyeza momwe munthu angakwaniritsire kupanga kapena kusunga ubale wabwino ndi ena.

ASD imatha kupezeka pomwepo. Komabe, ana ambiri, ngakhale achikulire ena, sangapezeke mpaka patapita nthawi. Kuzindikiritsidwa ukalamba kungapangitse chithandizo kukhala chovuta kwambiri. Ngati inu kapena dokotala wa ana anu mukuganiza kuti atha kukhala ndi ASD, lingalirani zokambirana ndi katswiri wa ASD. Bungwe lopanda phindu Autism Speaks lili ndi chida chomwe chingakuthandizeni kupeza zofunikira m'boma lanu.

Kodi magulu osiyanasiyana amathandizidwa bwanji?

Palibe malingaliro aliwonse amankhwala ochiritsira amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana ya ASD. Chithandizo chimadalira zizindikiro zapadera za munthu aliyense. Anthu omwe ali ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a ASD angafunikire chithandizo chofananacho, koma omwe ali ndi gawo lachiwiri kapena lachitatu ASD adzafunika chithandizo chotalikirapo kuposa chomwe chili ndi ASD yoyamba.

Chithandizo cha ASD chingaphatikizepo:

• Mankhwala othandizira. ASD imatha kuyambitsa nkhani zosiyanasiyana zolankhula. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi ASD sangathe kuyankhula konse, pomwe ena atha kukhala ndi vuto lolankhula ndi anzawo. Thandizo la kulankhula lingathandize kuthana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana olankhula.
• Thandizo lakuthupi. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi ASD amavutika ndi luso lamagalimoto. Izi zitha kupangitsa zinthu monga kudumpha, kuyenda, kapena kuthamanga kukhala kovuta. Anthu omwe ali ndi ASD atha kukhala pamavuto ndi luso lamagalimoto. Thandizo lakuthupi lingathandize kulimbitsa minofu ndikuwongolera luso lamagalimoto.
• Thandizo lantchito. Thandizo lantchito lingakuthandizeni kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino manja, miyendo, kapena ziwalo zina za thupi moyenera. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku zizigwira ntchito mosavuta.
• Maphunziro ozindikira. Anthu omwe ali ndi ASD nthawi zambiri samamva phokoso, magetsi, komanso kukhudza. Maphunziro ophunzitsira amathandizira anthu kukhala omasuka ndikulowetsa m'malingaliro.
• Kusanthula kwamachitidwe. Iyi ndi njira yomwe imalimbikitsa machitidwe abwino. Pali mitundu ingapo yosanthula machitidwe, koma ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphotho.
• Mankhwala. Ngakhale kulibe mankhwala omwe apangidwa kuti athetsere ASD, mitundu ina ingathandize kuthana ndi zizindikilo zina, monga kukhumudwa kapena mphamvu yayikulu.

Dziwani zambiri zamankhwala osiyanasiyana a ASD.

Mfundo yofunika

Autism yogwira ntchito si mawu azachipatala, ndipo ilibe tanthauzo lomveka. Koma anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa mwina akutanthauza chinthu chofanana ndi gawo 1 ASD. Zitha kukhalanso zofanananso ndi Asperger's syndrome, vuto lomwe APA siliizindikiranso.