Kodi Matenda a Melanoma Akuyandikira Pati?

Zamkati

• Kuyang'ana maselo a khansa
• Momwe immunotherapy imagwirira ntchito
• Komwe kafukufuku akupita
• Kutenga

Chifukwa cha chithandizo chamankhwala chatsopano, ziwengo za khansa yapakhungu ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa kale. Koma kodi tatsala pang'ono kuchiritsidwa?

Melanoma ndi khansa yapakhungu yamtundu. Kawirikawiri amapezeka m'zaka zoyambirira, pamene akuchiritsidwa kwambiri. Malinga ndi American Society of Clinical Oncology, kuchotsa khansa ya khansa ndikuchita opareshoni kumapereka chithandizo nthawi zambiri.

Koma khansa ya khansa ikapanda kupezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa msanga, imatha kufalikira kuchokera pakhungu kupita kumatupa ndi mbali zina za thupi. Izi zikachitika, amadziwika kuti khansa yapakhungu yotsogola.

Pofuna kuchiza khansa yapakhungu yapakhungu, madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka mankhwala ena kapena m'malo mwa opareshoni. Mowonjezereka, akugwiritsa ntchito njira zochizira, immunotherapy, kapena zonse ziwiri. Ngakhale kuti khansa yapakhungu yaposachedwa kwambiri ndi yovuta kuchiza, mankhwalawa asintha kwambiri kuchuluka kwa opulumuka.

Kuyang'ana maselo a khansa

Njira zochiritsira zakonzedwa kuti zidziwitse ndikuwunikira ma cell a khansa, makamaka osavulaza maselo abwinobwino.

Maselo ambiri a khansa ya khansa ya pakhungu amasintha mu WOKHULUPIRIRA jini yomwe imathandizira khansa kukula. Pafupifupi omwe ali ndi khansa ya khansa yomwe imafalikira kapena khansa ya khansa yomwe singathe kuchotsedwa opaleshoni yasintha mu jini iyi, malinga ndi National Cancer Institute.

BRAF ndi MEK inhibitors ndi njira zochiritsira zomwe zimathandizira kupewa kukula kwa maselo a khansa ya khansa nthawi WOKHULUPIRIRA kusintha kwa majini kulipo. Mankhwalawa amaletsa mapuloteni a BRAF kapena mapuloteni ena ofanana ndi MEK.

Komabe, kafukufuku wapeza kuti anthu ambiri omwe amayankha bwino mankhwalawa amakana kuwatsutsa pasanathe chaka. Asayansi akuyesetsa kuti athetse vutoli mwa kupeza njira zatsopano zoperekera ndi kuphatikiza mankhwala omwe alipo kale. Kafukufuku akuchitikanso kuti apange njira zochiritsira zomwe zimakhudza majini ena ndi mapuloteni okhudzana ndi maselo a khansa ya khansa.

Momwe immunotherapy imagwirira ntchito

Immunotherapy imathandizira chitetezo chamthupi chanu kuwononga ma cell a khansa.

Gulu limodzi la mankhwala a immunotherapy makamaka lawonetsa chiyembekezo chachikulu pochiza khansa yapakhungu yapakhungu yapadera. Mankhwalawa amadziwika kuti checkpoint inhibitors. Amathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi cha T maselo a T kuzindikira ndi kuukira maselo a khansa ya pakhungu.

Kafukufuku apeza kuti mankhwalawa amathandizira kupulumuka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yapakhungu yapamwambayi, ati omwe adalemba nkhani yolemba mu American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu The Oncologist apezanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya khansa amatha kupindula ndi mankhwalawa, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu wawo.

Koma immunotherapy sagwira ntchito kwa aliyense. Malinga ndi kalata yofufuzira yomwe idasindikizidwa munyuzipepala ya Nature Medicine, ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe ali ndi khansa ya khansa omwe amapindula ndi chithandizo chokhala ndi zoletsa. Kafufuzidwe kafukufuku amafunika kuti mudziwe kuti ndi anthu ati omwe angayankhe bwino kuchipatala.

Komwe kafukufuku akupita

Kuwunikanso kwa 2017 kwa mayeso azachipatala a gawo lachitatu kudapeza kuti njira zochiritsira zomwe zikuchitika pakadali pano ndi immunotherapy zimagwira bwino ntchito kuti lipititse patsogolo kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yapakhungu yaposachedwa. Koma olembawo akuti pakufunika kafukufuku wambiri kuti apeze chithandizo choyambirira.

Asayansi akupanga ndi kuyesa njira kuti adziwe odwala omwe angapindule nawo ndi mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza apeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi mapuloteni ena ambiri m'magazi awo amatha kuyankha bwino kuposa ena ku malo ochezera.

Kafukufuku akuchitikanso kuti apange ndi kuyesa njira zatsopano zamankhwala. Malinga ndi nkhani ya Gland Surgery, kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti katemera wa anti-chotupa akhoza kukhala njira yothandizira. Asayansi akuyesanso mankhwala omwe amalimbana ndi khansa yapakhungu yokhala ndi majini ena achilendo, inatero American Cancer Society.

Mankhwala atsopano omwe alipo alipo angathandizenso kusintha zotsatira za anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansa ya khansa. Asayansi akupitiliza kuphunzira za chitetezo, mphamvu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwala omwe avomerezedwa kale kuti athetse matendawa.

Kutenga

Pambuyo pa chaka cha 2010, chithandizo chamankhwala cha anthu omwe anali ndi khansa yapakhungu yoopsa kwambiri chinali chemotherapy, ndipo mitengo yopulumuka inali yochepa.

Zaka khumi zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yapakhungu yapita patsogolo kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha chithandizo chamankhwala komanso chitetezo chamthupi. Mankhwalawa ndiye njira zatsopano zosamalirira magawo apakati a khansa ya khansa. Komabe, ofufuza akuyesetsabe kudziwa njira zochiritsira zomwe zingathandize odwala.

Asayansi akupitiliza kuyesa njira zatsopano zamankhwala ndi mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala omwe alipo kale. Tithokoze chifukwa chakubwera kosalekeza, anthu ambiri kuposa kale sanachiritsidwe matendawa.