Kodi Katemera wa COVID-19 Ndi Wothandiza Bwanji?

Zamkati

• Kodi katemera wa COVID-19 amagwira ntchito bwanji?
• Kodi katemera wa COVID-19 amagwira ntchito bwanji?
• Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa inu?
• Onaninso za

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yavomereza kale katemera wa COVID-19 ku US kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu wamba. Ofuna katemera kuchokera ku Pfizer ndi Moderna awonetsa zotsatira zabwino m'mayeso akulu azachipatala, ndipo machitidwe azaumoyo mdziko lonselo tsopano akupereka katemerawa kwa anthu ambiri.

Zonse ndi nkhani zosangalatsa - makamaka mutadutsa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi cha # nkhanza - koma ndizachilengedwe kukhala ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi katemera wa COVID-19 komanso zomwe, izi zikutanthauza kwa inu.

Kodi katemera wa COVID-19 amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Pali katemera awiri akuluakulu omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri ku US pompano: Mmodzi amapangidwa ndi Pfizer, ndipo winayo ndi Moderna. Makampani onsewa akugwiritsa ntchito katemera watsopano wotchedwa messenger RNA (mRNA).

Katemera wa mRNA awa amagwira ntchito polemba gawo la mapuloteni omwe amapezeka pamwamba pa SARS-CoV-2, kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa COVID-19, malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. M'malo moika kachilombo kosagwira ntchito m'thupi lanu (monga momwe zimakhalira ndi katemera wa chimfine), katemera wa mRNA amagwiritsa ntchito zidutswa za protein yomwe idasungidwa kuchokera ku SAR-CoV-2 kuti ipangitse chitetezo chamthupi mthupi lanu ndikupanga ma antibodies, akufotokoza katswiri wodziwa matenda Amesh A Adalja, MD, katswiri wamaphunziro ku Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.

Thupi lanu pamapeto pake limachotsa mapuloteni ndi mRNA, koma ma antibodies amakhala ndi mphamvu. CDC ikunena kuti pakufunika zambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti ma antibodies opangidwa kuchokera ku katemera aliyense adzakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji. (Zogwirizana: Kodi Zotsatira Zoyeserera Zoyeserera za Coronavirus Zimatanthauzanji?)

Katemera wina amene akubwera m’paipi ndi wochokera ku Johnson & Johnson. Kampaniyo posachedwapa yalengeza ntchito yake ku FDA kuti ivomereze kugwiritsa ntchito mwadzidzidzi katemera wake wa COVID, yemwe amagwira ntchito mosiyana kwambiri ndi katemera wopangidwa ndi Pfizer ndi Moderna. Choyamba, si katemera wa mRNA. M'malo mwake, katemera wa Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 ndi katemera wa adenovector, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imagwiritsa ntchito kachilombo kosavomerezeka (adenovirus, kamene kamayambitsa chimfine) ngati wonyamula kuti apereke mapuloteni (pamenepa, mapuloteni otupa pamwamba pa SARS -CoV-2) yomwe thupi lanu limatha kuzindikira ngati chowopseza ndikupanga ma antibodies. (Zambiri apa: Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Katemera wa COVID-19 wa Johnson & Johnson)

Kodi katemera wa COVID-19 amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Pfizer adagawana koyambirira kwa Novembala kuti katemera wake "ndiwothandiza 90 peresenti" poteteza thupi ku matenda a COVID-19. Moderna awululanso kuti katemera wake makamaka ndi 94.5% wogwira ntchito poteteza anthu ku COVID-19.

Pankhani yake, sipanakhalepo katemera wa mRNA wovomerezedwa ndi FDA m'mbuyomu. "Palibe katemera wovomerezeka wa mRNA mpaka pano popeza iyi ndiukadaulo watsopano wa katemera," akutero a Jill Weatherhead, M.D., pulofesa wothandizira wa zamankhwala otentha komanso matenda opatsirana ku Baylor College of Medicine. Chotsatira chake, palibe deta yomwe ilipo, pakuchita bwino kapena ayi, akuwonjezera Dr. Weatherhead.

Izi zati, katemera ameneyu komanso ukadaulo womwe ali nawo "ayesedwa mwamphamvu," a Sarah Kreps, Ph.D., pulofesa mu dipatimenti yaboma komanso pulofesa wotsatira zamalamulo ku University of Cornell, yemwe posachedwapa adafalitsa pepala lasayansi pa Zomwe zitha kukopa kufunitsitsa kwa akulu akulu aku US kuti atenge katemera wa COVID-19, akuti Maonekedwe.

M'malo mwake, CDC imati ofufuza akhala akuphunzira katemera wa mRNA kwa "zaka makumi ambiri" m'mayeso am'magawo am'mbuyomu a fuluwenza, Zika, chiwewe, ndi cytomegalovirus (mtundu wa herpesvirus). Makatemerawa sanadutse magawo oyamba pazifukwa zingapo, kuphatikiza "zotulukapo zosayembekezereka" komanso "mayankho ochepa a chitetezo chamthupi," malinga ndi CDC. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwamatekinoloje "kwachepetsa zovuta izi ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwawo, chitetezo, ndikugwira bwino ntchito," potero zatsegula njira ya katemera wa COVID-19, malinga ndi bungweli. (Zokhudzana: Kodi Flu Shot Ingakutetezeni ku Coronavirus?)

Ponena za katemera wa Johnson & Johnson's adenovector, kampaniyo inanena m'mawu ake atolankhani kuti kuyesa kwawo kwakukulu kwa anthu pafupifupi 44,000 kunapeza kuti, katemera wake wa COVID-19 anali 85 peresenti yothandiza popewa COVID-19, "yathunthu. kutetezedwa kuchipatala chokhudzana ndi COVID ndikufa "masiku 28 atalandira katemera.

Mosiyana ndi katemera wa mRNA, katemera wa adenovector monga Johnson & Johnson's si nthano yatsopano. Katemera wa Oxford ndi AstraZeneca wa COVID-19 - yemwe adavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ku EU ndi UK mu Januware (FDA ikuyembekezera pazambiri kuchokera ku mayeso azachipatala a AstraZeneca asanaganizire chilolezo cha US,New York Times malipoti) - amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wofanana wa adenovirus. Johnson & Johnson adagwiritsanso ntchito ukadaulo uwu popanga katemera wake wa Ebola, yemwe wawonetsedwa kuti ndi wotetezeka komanso wothandiza popanga chitetezo chamthupi m'thupi.

Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa inu?

Kunena kuti katemera ndi 90 peresenti (kapena kupitilira apo) amamveka bwino. Koma kodi izi zikutanthauza katemera kupewa COVID-19 kapena kuteteza inu kuchokera ku matenda aakulu ngati muli ndi kachilombo - kapena onse awiri? Ndi zosokoneza pang'ono.

"Mayesero a [Moderna ndi Pfizer] adapangidwa kuti awonetse mphamvu pothana ndi matenda azizindikiro, zilizonse zomwe zingachitike," atero a Thomas Russo, MD, pulofesa komanso wamkulu wa matenda opatsirana ku Yunivesite ku Buffalo ku New York. Kwenikweni, kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito akuwonetsa kuti mutha kuyembekeza kuti musakhale ndi zisonyezo za COVID-19 mukalandira katemera kwathunthu (katemera wa Pfizer ndi Moderna amafunika magawo awiri - masabata atatu pakati pa kuwombera kwa Pfizer, masabata anayi pakati pa kuwombera Moderna) , akufotokoza Dr. Russo. Ndipo, ngati inu chitani adakali ndi kachilombo ka COVID-19 mutalandira katemera, mwina simudzakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, akuwonjezera. (Zokhudzana: Kodi Coronavirus Ingayambitse Kutsekula m'mimba?)

Ngakhale katemera akuwoneka kuti ndi "wothandiza kwambiri" poteteza thupi ku COVID-19, "tsopano tikuyesera kuti tiwone ngati angalepheretsenso kufalikira kwa asymptomatic," akutero Dr. Adalja. Kutanthauza, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pano kuti katemera amatha kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe mungakhale nazo ndi ziwonetsero za COVID-19 (kapena, mwina, zisonyezo zazikulu) mukakumana ndi kachilomboka. Koma kafukufukuyu sakuwonetsa ngati mutha kutenga kachilombo ka COVID-19, osazindikira kuti muli ndi kachilomboka, ndikuwapatsira ena atalandira katemera.

Poganizira izi, "sizikudziwika bwino pano" ngati katemerayu alepheretsa anthu kufalitsa kachilomboka, atero Lewis Nelson, MD, pulofesa komanso wapampando wachipatala cha Rutgers New Jersey Medical School komanso wamkulu wa dipatimenti yazadzidzidzi. Chipatala cha University.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri: "Kodi katemerayu angathetseretu kachilomboka, kapena kutiteteza ku matenda azizindikiro? Sitikudziwa, "akutero Dr. Russo.

Komanso, katemerayu sanaphunzirepo kuchuluka kwa ana, kapena amayi apakati kapena oyamwitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa madotolo kupereka katemera wa COVID-19 kwa anthuwa pakadali pano. Koma izi zikusintha, "Pfizer ndi Moderna akulembetsa ana azaka 12 kapena kupitirira," akutero Dr. Weatherhead. Ngakhale "chidziwitso chothandiza mwa ana sichikudziwika," "palibe chifukwa choganiza kuti [zotsatirazo] zidzakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe kafukufuku [wapano] akuwonetsa," akuwonjezera Dr. Nelson.

Ponseponse, akatswiri amalimbikitsa anthu kuti azikhala oleza mtima komanso kuti adziwe katemera pomwe angathe. "Katemera ameneyu akhala nawo yankho ku mliriwu," akutero Dr. Adalja. "Koma zitenga nthawi kuti atuluke ndikuwona zabwino zonse zomwe amapereka."

Zomwe zili munkhaniyi ndizolondola monga nthawi yolemba. Pomwe zosintha za coronavirus COVID-19 zikupitilizabe kusintha, ndizotheka kuti zina ndi zina zomwe zanenedwa m'nkhaniyi zasintha kuyambira pomwe zidasindikizidwa koyamba. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mumayang'anitsitsa pafupipafupi ndi zinthu monga CDC, WHO, ndi dipatimenti yazaumoyo yakwanuko kuti mumve zambiri zamtunduwu komanso malingaliro awo.

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