Mkate Umatenga Nthawi Yaitali Bwanji?

Zamkati

• Kodi mashelufu moyo wa mkate ndi chiyani?
• Mtundu wa buledi ndi zosakaniza zomwe agwiritsa ntchito
• Njira yosungira
• Momwe mungadziwire ngati mkate walephera
• Kuopsa kodya mkate wotha ntchito
• Malangizo popewa kuwononga mkate
• Mfundo yofunika

Mkate ndi chimodzi mwa zakudya zotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Mkate umapangidwa kuchokera ku tirigu (kapena njere zina), yisiti ndi zinthu zina, mkate umangokhala watsopano kwa kanthawi kochepa usadayambe kuyipa.

Itha kumera nkhungu ndikukhala osatetezeka kudya, motero ndizothandiza kudziwa momwe mungasungire zatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza kuti buledi amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji, momwe angadziwire ngati zili zoyenera kudya, komanso momwe angakulitsire mashelufu ake.

Kodi mashelufu moyo wa mkate ndi chiyani?

Zinthu zambiri zimakhudza moyo wa alumali wa mkate, womwe ndi utali wa nthawi yomwe umadutsa usadayambe kuyipa.

Alumali moyo wa buledi wosungidwa kutentha kumatenga masiku 3-7 koma umasiyana kutengera zosakaniza, mtundu wa buledi, ndi njira yosungira.

Mtundu wa buledi ndi zosakaniza zomwe agwiritsa ntchito

Sangweji, buledi, kapena buledi wophika buledi omwe amapezeka m'sitolo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zoteteza kuti zisawonongeke nkhungu ndi kuwonjezera mashelufu. Popanda zotetezera, mkate umatha masiku 3-4 kuchokera kutentha ().

Zina mwazoteteza mkate zimaphatikizapo calcium propionate, sodium benzoate, potaziyamu sorbate, ndi sorbic acid. Mabakiteriya a Lactic acid ndi njira ina yomwe mwachilengedwe imapanga ma anti-mold acid (,,).

Mkate wopanda gilateni umatha kuwumbidwa chifukwa chinyezi chake komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zochepa zoteteza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri chimagulitsidwa chisanu m'malo mofunda firiji ().

Kumbali inayi, zopangidwa ndi buledi wouma, monga zingwe kapena mikate, nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka kwambiri chifukwa nkhungu imafuna chinyezi kuti imere.

Furiji ya mabisiketi ndi masikono nawonso pamapeto pake amawonongeka chifukwa imakhala ndi mafuta omwe samatha.

Makamaka, mikate yambiri yopanga tokha ilibe zoteteza ndipo itha kugwiritsa ntchito zosachedwa kuwonongeka monga mazira ndi mkaka. Mabotolo ena nawonso amapewa zotetezera - mutha kuyang'ana mndandanda wazowonjezera kapena kufunsa wophika mkate ngati simukudziwa.

Njira yosungira

Alumali moyo wa mkate umadaliranso ndi njira yosungira.

Mkate umatha kuwonongeka ukasungidwa m'malo otentha, onyowa. Pofuna kupewa nkhungu, iyenera kusindikizidwa kutentha kapena kuzizira.

Mkate wotentha mchipinda nthawi zambiri umakhala masiku 3-4 ngati wapangidwa kunyumba kapena mpaka masiku 7 ngati agulitsidwa m'sitolo.

Firiji imatha kukulitsa mashelufu a mkate wamalonda ndi wopanga tokha masiku 3-5. Ngati mungasankhe njirayi, onetsetsani kuti mkate wanu watsekedwa bwino kuti musawume komanso kuti mulibe chinyezi chowonekera.

Mkate wouma umatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ngakhale kuzizira sikungaphe mankhwala onse owopsa, kumawaletsa kukula ().

Moyo wa alumali wa mkate makamaka umatengera zosakaniza ndi njira yosungira. Mutha kuwonjezera mashelufu poyiyika mufiriji kapena kuzizira.

Momwe mungadziwire ngati mkate walephera

Ngakhale zakudya zambiri zopakidwa m'mapaketi zimakhala ndi tsiku loti lidzawonongeke, mkate wambiri umakhala ndi tsiku labwino kwambiri, m'malo mwake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mkate wanu uzikhala utali.

Komabe, masiku abwino kwambiri sikofunikira ndipo sakusonyeza chitetezo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mkate ukhoza kukhalabe wotetezeka kudya ngakhale utafika kale (6).

Kuti mudziwe ngati mkate wanu ndi watsopano kapena wowonongeka, muyenera kudzipenda nokha.

Zizindikiro zochepa zakuti buledi salinso watsopano ndi awa:

• Nkhungu. Nkhungu ndi fungus yomwe imayamwa michere mu buledi ndikumera timatumba, ndikupanga mawanga omwe akhoza kukhala obiriwira, akuda, oyera, kapena pinki. US Department of Agriculture (USDA) ikulimbikitsa kutaya mkate wonse mukawona nkhungu (, 7).
• Fungo losasangalatsa. Ngati buledi ali ndi nkhungu yowoneka bwino, ndibwino kuti musanunkhize ngati zingwe zake zili zovulaza. Ngati simukuwona nkhungu koma mukuwona kununkhira kwachilendo, ndibwino kutaya mkatewo (7,,).
• Kukoma kwachilendo. Ngati buledi sakumva kukoma, mwina ndibwino kwambiri kuutaya.
• Maonekedwe ovuta. Mkate wosasindikizidwa ndikusungidwa bwino ukhoza kukhala wouma kapena wouma. Malingana ngati kulibe nkhungu, buledi wokhazikika akhoza kudyabe - koma mwina sangakhale wokoma ngati mkate watsopano.

Mkate umakhala ndi tsiku labwino koposa m'malo mwa tsiku lotha ntchito, koma ndibwino kuti udziyese wekha kuti uone ngati ndi koyenera kudya. Taya mkate ngati ndi wa nkhungu kapena uli ndi kukoma kwachilendo kapena kununkhiza.

Kuopsa kodya mkate wotha ntchito

Ngakhale mitundu ina ya nkhungu ikhoza kukhala yotetezeka kudya, ndizosatheka kudziwa kuti ndi fungus iti yomwe imayambitsa nkhungu pa mkate wanu. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti musadye mkate woumba, chifukwa ungawononge thanzi lanu (7).

Mitengo yodziwika bwino ya mkate ndi Rhizopus, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Zamgululi, ndi Fusarium (7).

Nthaka zina zimatulutsa ma mycotoxin, omwe ndi ziphe zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa kudya kapena kupumira. Ma mycotoxin amatha kufalikira mumtanda wonse, ndichifukwa chake muyenera kutaya buledi wonse mukawona nkhungu (7).

Ma mycotoxins amatha kukhumudwitsa m'mimba mwanu ndikupangitsa mavuto am'mimba. Zitha kusokonezanso m'matumbo anu mabakiteriya, omwe angayambitse chitetezo chamthupi chofooka komanso chiopsezo chachikulu chodwala (,,,).

Kuphatikiza apo, ma mycotoxin ena, monga aflatoxin, atha kukulitsa chiopsezo cha khansa zina ngati mungadye zambiri (,).

Mkate woumba ungatulutse ma mycotoxin, omwe ndi ziphe zosaoneka zomwe sizabwino kudya. Ndibwino kutaya mkate wonse ngati muwona nkhungu iliyonse.

Malangizo popewa kuwononga mkate

Ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa kuwononga chakudya, mwina mungakhale mukuganiza momwe mungapewere kutaya mkate wakale.

Kuchotsa nkhungu sikuvomerezeka, chifukwa kumatha kufalikira mu buledi wonse (7).

M'malo mwake, nayi malingaliro othandiza kupewa kutaya kwa mkate mkate wanu usanayambike:

• Pangani zokometsera zokometsera, zopangira mkate, kapena zidutswa za mkate kuti mugwiritse ntchito mkate usanafike nthawi yabwino.
• Sindikizani bwino ndikusunga buledi wotsala mufiriji.
• Mukawona chinyezi mkati mwanu mutanyamula mkate, gwiritsani ntchito chopukutira choyera kuti muumitse musanapanganso chikwama. Izi zidzathandiza kupewa nkhungu.
• Yembekezani kuphimba kapena kusindikiza mkate wophika kumene mpaka utazizira bwino. Izi zidzateteza chinyezi kuti chisakule ndikulimbikitsa nkhungu.
• Ngati simukufuna kuzimitsa mkate wanu, werengani kuchuluka kwa zomwe mumadya sabata imodzi ndipo mugule ndalama zomwezo. Mwanjira iyi, simudzakhala ndi chilichonse choti mudzitaye.

Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa buledi, gwiritsani ntchito mkate wakale kupanga zidutswa za mkate kapena pudding ya mkate. Muthanso kuwonjezera moyo wa alumali pozinga mkate kapena kuumitsa ndi kusindikizidwa bwino.

Mfundo yofunika

Mkate umakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, umakhala masiku atatu mpaka atatu kutentha.

Kusindikiza ndi kusunga koyenera, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito firiji kapena firiji zikafunika, zitha kuthandiza kupewa nkhungu ndikuwonjezera mashelufu.

Mukawona nkhungu, muyenera kutaya mkate wonsewo, chifukwa nkhungu imatha kupanga ma mycotoxin owopsa.

Pofuna kupewa kuwononga chakudya, yesani njira zopangira mikate yanu yakale - monga kupanga pudding mkate kapena croutons zokometsera - isanakwane tsiku lawo.