Kodi Kuwonongeka Kwam'magazi Amodzi Kwambiri Ndikofunika Kwambiri (MGUS)?

Zamkati

• MGUS ndi chiyani?
• Kodi MGUS imapezeka bwanji?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa MGUS?
• Kodi MGUS ikupita patsogolo motani?
• Kodi pali chithandizo cha MGUS?
• Maganizo ake ndi otani?

MGUS ndi chiyani?

MGUS, yoperewera kwa monoclonal gammopathy yopanda tanthauzo, ndi vuto lomwe limapangitsa kuti thupi lipange mapuloteni osazolowereka. Puloteni iyi imatchedwa monoclonal protein, kapena M protein. Amapangidwa ndimaselo oyera amagazi otchedwa ma plasma m'mafupa amthupi.

Nthawi zambiri, MGUS siyomwe imayambitsa nkhawa ndipo ilibe zovuta zathanzi. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi MGUS ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chotenga matenda am'magazi ndi m'mafupa. Izi zimaphatikizapo khansa yayikulu yamagazi, monga multiple myeloma kapena lymphoma.

Nthawi zina, maselo abwinobwino m'mafupa amatha kutuluka thupi likamapanga mapuloteni ambiri a M. Izi zitha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu mthupi lonse.

Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuwunika anthu omwe ali ndi MGUS poyesa magazi pafupipafupi kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa kapena matenda, omwe amatha kupitilira nthawi.

Kodi MGUS imapezeka bwanji?

MGUS nthawi zambiri sichitsogolera ku zizindikiro zilizonse zamatenda. Madokotala ambiri amapeza mapuloteni a M m'magazi a anthu omwe ali ndi MGUS poyesa zina. Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo monga zotupa, dzanzi, kapena kumva kulira m'thupi.

Kupezeka kwa mapuloteni a M mu mkodzo kapena magazi ndi chizindikiro chimodzi cha MGUS. Mapuloteni ena amakhalanso okwera m'magazi pamene munthu ali ndi MGUS. Izi zitha kukhala zizindikilo za zovuta zina, monga kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi ndi matenda a chiwindi.

Pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta zina kapena kuwona ngati MGUS ikuyambitsa mavuto anu azaumoyo, dokotala amatha kuyesa zina. Mayesowa akuphatikizapo:

• Kuyesedwa kwa magazi mwatsatanetsatane. Zitsanzo zina zimaphatikizapo kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi, kuyesa kwa serum creatinine, ndi kuyesa kwa seramu calcium. Mayeserowa atha kuthandizira kuwunika kwa kuchepa kwa maselo amwazi, kuchuluka kwa calcium, komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito ya impso. Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zazikulu zokhudzana ndi MGUS, monga myeloma yambiri.
• Kuyezetsa kwa mkodzo kwa maola 24. Kuyesaku kumatha kuwona ngati mapuloteni a M atulutsidwa mumkodzo wanu ndikuwonanso kuwonongeka kwa impso, komwe kungakhale chizindikiro cha vuto lalikulu la MGUS.
• Kuyesa mayeso. CT scan kapena MRI imatha kuwunika thupi ngati ili ndi zovuta zina zokhudzana ndi MGUS.
• Kutupa kwa mafupa. Dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa ya m'mafupa ndi matenda omwe amakhudzana ndi MGUS. Kawirikawiri biopsy imachitika pokhapokha ngati mukuwonetsa zizindikiro zosowa magazi m'thupi, impso kulephera, zotupa zamfupa, kapena kuchuluka kwa calcium, chifukwa izi ndi zizindikiro za matenda.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa MGUS?

Akatswiri sadziwa kwenikweni chomwe chimayambitsa MGUS. Amaganiziridwa kuti kusintha kwamtundu wina ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe zimatha kukhudza ngati munthu atenga vutoli kapena ayi.

Zomwe madokotala amadziwa ndikuti MGUS imayambitsa ma cell osadziwika am'mafupa kutulutsa M protein.

Kodi MGUS ikupita patsogolo motani?

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi MGUS samakhala ndi mavuto azaumoyo okhudzana ndi izi.

Komabe, malinga ndi chipatala cha Mayo, pafupifupi 1% ya anthu omwe ali ndi MGUS amakhala ndi thanzi labwino chaka chilichonse. Mtundu wazikhalidwe zomwe zingachitike zingadalire mtundu wa MGUS womwe muli nawo.

Pali mitundu itatu ya MGUS, iliyonse yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi chiopsezo chokwanira chazinthu zina zathanzi. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Non-IgM MGUS (imaphatikizapo IgG, IgA kapena IgD MGUS). Izi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi MGUS. Pali mwayi wochulukirapo kuti omwe si IgM MGUS atha kukhala myeloma angapo. Kwa anthu ena, non-IgM MGUS imatha kubweretsa zovuta zina, monga immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis kapena matenda amtundu wonyamula.
• @Alirezatalischioriginal Izi zimakhudza pafupifupi 15% ya omwe ali ndi MGUS. Mtundu uwu wa MGUS umakhala pachiwopsezo cha khansa yosawerengeka yotchedwa Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, komanso lymphoma, AL amyloidosis, ndi myeloma yambiri.
• Unyolo Kuwala MGUS (LC-MGUS). Izi zangogawidwa posachedwa. Zimapangitsa kuti mapuloteni a M azindikiridwe mumkodzo, ndipo zimatha kubweretsa unyolo wamagetsi angapo a myeloma, AL amyloidosis, kapena matenda opatsirana mwakachetechete.

Matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi MGUS amatha kuyambitsa mafupa, kuwundana kwa magazi, komanso mavuto amphongo kwakanthawi. Zovuta izi zitha kupangitsa kuthana ndi vutoli ndikuchiza matenda aliwonse ovuta kukhala ovuta.

Kodi pali chithandizo cha MGUS?

Palibe njira yochitira MGUS. Sichitha palokha, koma nthawi zambiri sichimayambitsa matenda kapena kukula.

Dokotala amalangiza kuti muzikayezetsa magazi pafupipafupi kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino. Nthawi zambiri, kuyezetsa kumeneku kumayamba miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutazindikira kaye MGUS.

Kuphatikiza pakufufuza magazi kuti asinthe m'mapuloteni a M, adotolo adzafufuza zizindikilo zina zomwe zitha kuwonetsa kuti matenda akupita. Zizindikirozi ndi monga:

• kuchepa kwa magazi kapena zovuta zina zamagazi
• magazi
• kusintha kwa masomphenya kapena kumva
• malungo kapena thukuta usiku
• mutu ndi chizungulire
• mavuto amtima ndi impso
• ululu, kuphatikizapo kupweteka kwa mitsempha ndi kupweteka kwa mafupa
• kutupa chiwindi, ma lymph node, kapena ndulu
• kutopa ndi kapena wopanda kufooka
• kuonda mwangozi

Chifukwa MGUS imatha kubweretsa zovuta zomwe zimawononga mafupa, adokotala angakulimbikitseni kuti mutenge mankhwala kuti muwonjezere mafupa anu ngati muli ndi matenda otupa mafupa. Zina mwa mankhwalawa ndi awa:

• mankhwala (Binosto, Fosamax)
• risedronate (Actonel, Atelvia)
• ibandronate (Boniva)
• zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa)

Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi MGUS samakhala ndi vuto lalikulu lamagazi ndi mafupa. Komabe, chiopsezo chanu chitha kuwerengedwa bwino pakuyendera madokotala pafupipafupi komanso kuyesa magazi. Dokotala wanu amathanso kudziwa kuopsa kwanu kuti MGUS ipite patsogolo kudwala lina poganizira:

• Kuwerengera, mtundu, ndi kukula kwa mapuloteni a M omwe amapezeka m'magazi anu. Mapuloteni akulu ndi ochulukirapo a M amatha kuwonetsa matenda omwe akukula.
• Mulingo wamaunyolo aulere (mtundu wina wa mapuloteni) m'magazi anu. Magulu apamwamba amtambo waulere ndi chizindikiro china cha kudwala.
• Zaka zomwe mudapezeka. Mukakhala ndi MGUS kwa nthawi yayitali, pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu chodwala.

Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mwapezeka kuti muli ndi MGUS, onetsetsani kuti mukutsata zomwe dokotala akufuna kuti muwunikire matenda anu.

Kukhala pamwamba pa MGUS yanu kumatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chazovuta. Ikhozanso kukulitsa mwayi wanu wazotsatira zabwino mutakhala ndi matenda aliwonse okhudzana ndi MGUS.

Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kungathenso kubweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Mungathe kuchita izi mwa kugona mokwanira ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchepetsa nkhawa, ndi kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi monga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.