Nyengo Yamatenda: Kufunika Kokuwombera Flu

Zamkati

• Kodi chimfine chimagwira bwanji?
• Ndani akufunikira chimfine?
• Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu
• Ndani sayenera kudwala chimfine?
• Kuyankha koyipa koyambirira
• Matenda a mazira
• Mercury ziwengo
• Matenda a Guillain-Barré (GBS)
• Malungo
• Kodi pali zovuta zina ku katemera wa chimfine?
• Ndi katemera uti amene alipo?
• Chiwombankhanga chachikulu
• Chiwopsezo cha chimfine chapakati
• Katemera wa mphuno
• Tengera kwina

Ndi nyengo ya chimfine pa ife pa mliri wa COVID-19, ndikofunikira kawiri kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chotenga chimfine.

Chaka chilichonse, nyengo ya chimfine imayamba kuyambira kugwa mpaka koyambirira kwa masika. Kutalika ndi kuopsa kwa mliri kumasiyana. Anthu ena amwayi amatha kupyola nyengo yopanda chimfine.

Koma khalani okonzeka kuzunguliridwa ndi kuyetsemula ndi kutsokomola kwa miyezi ingapo chaka chilichonse ndikudzipatula nokha ndikupita kukayezetsa akangowonekera.

Malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chimfine chimakhudza pakati pa anthu aku US chaka chilichonse.

Zizindikiro za chimfine nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:

• kukhosomola
• malungo (sikuti aliyense amene ali ndi chimfine adzakhala ndi malungo)
• mutu
• kupweteka kwa minofu kapena thupi
• chikhure
• yothamanga kapena yodzaza mphuno
• kutopa
• kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba (kofala kwambiri mwa ana kuposa achikulire)

Zizindikiro zomwe zimabwera ndi chimfine zimatha kukugonetsa tulo kwa sabata kapena kupitilira apo. Katemera wa chimfine wapachaka ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira kukutetezani ku chimfine.

CDC imakhulupirira kuti mavairasi a chimfine ndi kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa COVID-19 zonsezi zizafalikira nthawi yakugwa komanso yozizira. Zizindikiro za chimfine zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za COVID-19, chifukwa chake katemera wa chimfine adzakhala wofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale.

Kodi chimfine chimagwira bwanji?

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chimfine timasintha komanso kusintha chaka chilichonse, ndichifukwa chake timafalikira kwambiri ndipo ndimovuta kupewa. Katemera watsopano amapangidwa ndikumatulutsidwa chaka chilichonse kuti azitsatira kusintha kwakanthawi.

Pamaso pa nyengo yatsopano ya chimfine, akatswiri azaumoyo ku federal amaneneratu kuti ndi mitundu iti ya chimfine yomwe imatha kukhala bwino. Mavairasi a Fluenza A ndi B ndi omwe amayambitsa miliri yanyengo. Amagwiritsa ntchito zonenerazi kuti adziwitse opanga kuti apange katemera woyenera.

Chiwombankhanga chimagwira ntchito polimbikitsa chitetezo chanu cha mthupi kutulutsa ma antibodies. Komanso, ma antibodies amenewa amathandiza thupi kulimbana ndi matenda a chimfine omwe amapezeka mu katemera.

Atalandira chimfine, zimatenga pafupifupi masabata awiri kuti ma antibodies amenewa akule bwino.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya chimfine yomwe imateteza kumatenda osiyanasiyana: opitilira atatu komanso anayi.

Trivalent amateteza ku mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino ya A ndi mtundu umodzi wa B. Katemera wambiri ndi katemera wopambana.

Katemera wa quadrivalent wapangidwa kuti ateteze ku ma virus anayi omwe amafala kwambiri, ma virus awiri a chimfine A, ndi ma virus awiri a fuluwenza B.

CDC sikuti imalimbikitsa wina ndi mnzake pakadali pano. Funsani kwa omwe amakupatsani inshuwaransi ndi dokotala kuti mupeze malingaliro.

Ndani akufunikira chimfine?

Anthu ena amatha kutenga chimfine kuposa ena. Ndichifukwa chake CDC imalimbikitsa kuti aliyense wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena kupitilira apo azilandira katemera wa chimfine.

Zipolopolo sizothandiza kwambiri popewa chimfine. Koma ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yodzitetezera ku vutoli ndi zovuta zake zina.

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu

Magulu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga chimfine komanso kukhala ndi zovuta zowopsa za chimfine. Ndikofunika kuti anthu omwe ali m'magulu oopsawa alandire katemera.

Malinga ndi CDC, anthu awa ndi awa:

• amayi apakati ndi amayi mpaka milungu iwiri atatenga mimba
• ana azaka zapakati pa miyezi 6 mpaka 5
• anthu 18 ndi pansi omwe amalandira mankhwala a aspirin
• anthu opitilira 65
• aliyense amene ali ndi matenda aakulu
• anthu omwe mndandanda wamagulu awo (BMI) ndi 40 kapena kupitilira apo
• Amwenye Achimereka kapena Amwenye a ku Alaska
• aliyense amene amakhala kapena akugwira ntchito kumalo osungirako okalamba kapena malo osamalirako odwala
• osamalira aliyense wa omwe ali pamwambapa

Mavuto azachipatala omwe angapangitse kuti mukhale ndi zovuta zotere ndi awa:

• mphumu
• minyewa
• matenda a magazi
• matenda a m'mapapo
• matenda a endocrine
• matenda amtima
• matenda a impso
• matenda a chiwindi
• matenda amadzimadzi
• anthu onenepa kwambiri
• anthu omwe agwidwa ndi sitiroko
• anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka chifukwa cha matenda kapena mankhwala

Malinga ndi CDC, anthu ochepera zaka 19 omwe amamwa mankhwala a aspirin komanso anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala a steroid pafupipafupi ayeneranso kulandira katemera.

Ogwira ntchito m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga matendawa, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti alandire katemera. Anthu omwe amalumikizana pafupipafupi ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo ngati okalamba ndi ana ayeneranso kulandira katemera.

Anthu awa ndi awa:

• aphunzitsi
• ogwira ntchito yosamalira ana masana
• ogwira ntchito kuchipatala
• ogwira ntchito pagulu
• ogwira ntchito zaumoyo
• ogwira ntchito m'malo osungira anthu okalamba ndi malo osamalira anthu odwala mwakayakaya
• opereka chithandizo kunyumba
• ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi
• anthu apabanja pantchito izi

Anthu omwe amakhala moyandikana ndi ena, monga ophunzira aku koleji komanso asitikali, nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chowonekera.

Ndani sayenera kudwala chimfine?

Anthu ena sayenera kudwala chimfine pazifukwa zamankhwala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti tonsefe titengere chitetezo cha ziweto kuti tiwateteze. Musatenge chimfine ngati muli ndi izi.

Kuyankha koyipa koyambirira

Anthu omwe adakumana ndi vuto la katemera wa chimfine m'mbuyomu sayenera kudwala chimfine.

Matenda a mazira

Anthu omwe sagwirizana ndi mazira ayenera kupewa katemera wa chimfine. Ngati muli ndi vuto losavomerezeka, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Mutha kukhala oyenerabe kulandira katemerayu.

Mercury ziwengo

Anthu omwe matupi awo sagwirizana ndi mercury sayenera kuwombera. Katemera wina wa chimfine amakhala ndi mercury wambiri popewa katemera.

Matenda a Guillain-Barré (GBS)

Matenda a Guillain-Barré (GBS) ndizovuta zomwe zimachitika mukalandira katemera wa chimfine. Zimaphatikizapo ziwalo zosakhalitsa.

Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta ndipo mwakhala ndi GBS, mutha kukhalabe oyenerera katemera. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti mudziwe ngati mungalandire.

Malungo

Ngati muli ndi malungo patsiku la katemera, muyenera kudikirira mpaka lisanafike lisanalandire mfuti.

Kodi pali zovuta zina ku katemera wa chimfine?

Kuwombera chimfine ndikotetezeka kwa anthu ambiri. Anthu ambiri amaganiza molakwika kuti katemera wa chimfine akhoza kuwapatsa chimfine. Simungathe kutenga chimfine chifukwa cha chimfine.

Koma anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro ngati chimfine pasanathe maola 24 atalandira katemera.

Zotsatira zoyipa zakudwala chimfine ndi izi:

• malungo ochepa
• malo otupa, ofiira, ofewa mozungulira malo a jakisoni
• kuzizira kapena kupweteka mutu

Zizindikirozi zimatha kuchitika thupi lanu likamayankha katemerayu ndikumanga ma antibodies omwe pambuyo pake amathandizira kupewa matenda. Zizindikiro zimakhala zofatsa ndipo zimatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.

Ndi katemera uti amene alipo?

Chiwombankhanga chimapezeka m'njira zina, kuphatikizapo mankhwala apamwamba, intradermal, ndi nasal spray.

Chiwombankhanga chachikulu

Dipatimenti ya Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yavomereza katemera wa chimfine wamkulu (Fluzone High-Dose) kwa anthu 65 kapena kupitirira.

Popeza chitetezo cha mthupi chimafooka ndi ukalamba, katemera wa chimfine nthawi zambiri sagwira ntchito mwa anthuwa. Ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta zokhudzana ndi chimfine komanso imfa.

Katemerayu amakhala ndi ma antigen kanayi poyerekeza ndi muyezo wabwinobwino. Ma antigen ndi omwe amapangira katemera wa chimfine omwe amalimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi cha chitetezo, chomwe chimalimbana ndi kachilombo ka chimfine.

Anatsimikiziranso ena kuti katemera wamtundu wapamwamba ali ndi mphamvu yochulukirapo ya katemera (RVE) mwa achikulire 65 ndi akulu kuposa katemera woyeserera.

Chiwopsezo cha chimfine chapakati

FDA idavomereza katemera wamtundu wina, Fluzone Intradermal. Katemerayu ndi wa anthu azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 64 zakubadwa.

Chimfine chomwe amawombera chimalowetsedwa m'minyewa ya mkono. Katemera wa intradermal amagwiritsa ntchito singano zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimalowa pansi pa khungu.

Singano ndi zochepa 90 peresenti kuposa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chimfine. Izi zitha kupangitsa katemera wa intradermal kusankha kosangalatsa ngati mukuwopa singano.

Njirayi imagwiranso ntchito chimfine, koma zovuta zake ndizofala. Izi zitha kuphatikizira zotsatirazi patsamba la jakisoni:

• kutupa
• kufiira
• nkhanza
• kuyabwa

Malinga ndi CDC, anthu ena omwe amalandira katemera wa intradermal amathanso kukumana ndi izi:

• mutu
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• kutopa

Zotsatirazi ziyenera kutha pasanathe masiku atatu kapena asanu ndi awiri.

Katemera wa mphuno

Mukakumana ndi zinthu zitatu izi, mutha kukhala oyenera kulandira mtundu wa katemera wa chimfine (LAIV FluMist):

• Mulibe matenda.
• Simuli ndi pakati.
• Muli ndi zaka zapakati pa 2 ndi 49.
• Mukuopa singano.

Malinga ndi CDC, utsiwo ndi wofanana ndi chimfine chomwe chimagwira bwino ntchito.

Komabe, anthu ena sayenera kulandira katemera wa chimfine mu mawonekedwe a mphuno. Malinga ndi CDC, anthu awa ndi awa:

• ana ochepera zaka ziwiri
• akuluakulu azaka zopitilira 50
• anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yazomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zilizonse mu katemera
• ana osakwana zaka 17 amalandira mankhwala a aspirin- kapena salicylate
• ana azaka 2 mpaka 4 omwe ali ndi mphumu kapena mbiri yakupuma m'miyezi 12 yapitayi
• anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka
• anthu opanda ndulu kapena ndulu yosagwira
• amayi apakati
• anthu omwe amatayikira kwambiri pakati pa madzi amadzimadzi ndi pakamwa, mphuno, khutu, kapena chigaza
• anthu okhala ndi ma cochlear implants
• anthu omwe adamwa mankhwala a chimfine m'masiku 17 apitawa

Anthu omwe amasamalira anthu omwe alibe chitetezo chokwanira omwe amafuna malo otetezedwa ayenera kupewa kulumikizana nawo kwa masiku 7 atalandira katemera wa m'mphuno.

Aliyense amene ali ndi vutoli amachenjezedwa za kumwa katemera wa m'mphuno:

• mphumu mwa anthu azaka 5 kapena kupitilira apo
• matenda omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a chimfine
• matenda oopsa kapena opanda malungo
• Matenda a Guillain-Barré mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kutsatira katemera wakale wa chimfine

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 2 ndi 8 ndipo sanalandire katemera wa chimfine, ayenera kulandira katemera wa chimfine m'mbuyomo. Izi ndichifukwa choti adzafunika mlingo wachiwiri patatha milungu 4 kuchokera woyamba.

Tengera kwina

Chifuwa cha nyengo chomwe chimaphulika kumayambiriro kwa kugwa ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku chimfine, makamaka pamene COVID-19 akadali pachiwopsezo. Ndizotheka kukhala nazo zonse nthawi imodzi, kotero chisamaliro chofunikira chimafunikira ngati nyengo ya chimfine ikuchuluka.

Palibe chitsimikizo kuti kupeza katemera wa chimfine kudzakulepheretsani kuti mupeze chimfine, koma kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti akhoza kuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa ngati atapezeka.

Mutha kukonza nthawi yoti mudzalandire chimfine ku ofesi ya dokotala kapena kuchipatala chapafupi. Kuwombera kwa chimfine kumapezeka kwambiri m'masitolo ndi m'masitolo, popanda nthawi yofunikira.

Malo ena omwe kale ankapereka katemera wa chimfine, monga malo ogwirira ntchito, mwina sangakhale chifukwa chotseka kuchokera ku COVID-19. Itanani patsogolo ngati simukudziwa.