Insulin ndi chiyani ndipo ndi ya chiyani

Zamkati

• Kodi insulini ndi yotani
• Zomwe zimayang'anira kupanga insulin
• Mukafunika kumwa insulini
• 1. Insulini yogwira ntchito
• 2. Bolus wochita insulin

Insulini ndi timadzi tomwe timapangidwa m'matumbo omwe amachititsa kuti shuga m'magaziwo agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gwero la mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito thupi.

Chomwe chimalimbikitsa kwambiri kupanga insulin ndikukula kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mukatha kudya. Kutulutsa kwa hormone iyi sikokwanira kapena kulibe, monga matenda ashuga, shuga sungatengeke m'maselo ndipo, chifukwa chake, imathera kukuunjikira m'magazi ndi mkodzo, ndikupangitsa zovuta monga retinopathy, kulephera kwa impso, kuvulala komwe sikumachiritsa komanso ngakhale amakonda stroke, mwachitsanzo.

Matenda ashuga ndi matenda omwe amasintha kuchuluka kwa insulin yopangidwa, chifukwa imakhudza kutha kwa kapamba kutulutsa timadzi timeneti, tomwe timatha kuyambira pakubadwa, komwe ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kapena kupezeka moyo wonse, womwe ndi mtundu wa shuga. Pakadali pano, kungakhale kofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yopanga poyerekeza ndi zomwe thupi liyenera kupanga.

Mvetsetsani bwino za zizindikilo komanso momwe mungadziwire matenda ashuga.

Kodi insulini ndi yotani

Insulini imatha kutenga shuga yemwe ali m'magazi, ndikupita nayo ku ziwalo za thupi, monga ubongo, chiwindi, mafuta ndi minofu, komwe itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mphamvu, mapuloteni, cholesterol ndi triglycerides ku mphamvu thupi, kapena kusungidwa.

Pancreas imatulutsa mitundu iwiri ya insulini:

• Chiyambi: ndiko kupitiriza kutulutsa kwa insulini, kuti azikhala osakwanira tsiku lonse;
• Bolus: ndipamene kapamba amatulutsa zochuluka nthawi imodzi, akatha kudyetsa, motero kupewa kuti shuga yemwe ali mchakudya asakunjikane m'magazi.

Ndiye chifukwa chake, munthu akafunika kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yopangira matenda ashuga, ndikofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiriyi: imodzi yomwe imayenera kubayidwa kamodzi patsiku, ndi ina yomwe imayenera kubayidwa mukatha kudya.

Zomwe zimayang'anira kupanga insulin

Palinso mahomoni ena, omwe amapangidwanso m'matumbawa, omwe ali ndi insulin, yotchedwa glucagon. Zimagwira ntchito potulutsa shuga amene amasungidwa mu mafuta, chiwindi ndi minofu m'magazi, kuti thupi ligwiritse ntchito milingo ya shuga ikakhala yotsika kwambiri, monga nthawi yakusala kudya, mwachitsanzo.

Zochita za mahomoni awiriwa, insulin ndi glucagon, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuuletsa kuti usapitirire kapena kusowa, chifukwa zinthu ziwirizi zimabweretsa zovuta m'thupi.

Mukafunika kumwa insulini

Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito insulini yopanga pomwe thupi silimatha kupanga ndalama zokwanira, monga mtundu wa 1 shuga kapena mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Mvetsetsani bwino ngati pakufunika kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ndi wodwala matenda ashuga.

Mankhwala opangira insulini amatsanzira kutulutsa kwa insulin tsiku lonse, onse oyambira ndi bolus, chifukwa chake pali mitundu ingapo, yomwe imasiyana ndimathamangidwe ake pama glucose amwazi:

1. Insulini yogwira ntchito

Ndi ma insulins opanga omwe amatsanzira insulin yoyambira yomwe imatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi kapamba tsiku lonse, ndipo itha kukhala:

• Zochita zapakatikati kapena NPH, monga Insulatard, Humulin N, Novolin N kapena Insuman Basal: imakhala mpaka maola 12 m'thupi, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kusungabe kuchuluka kwa insulini mthupi;
• Ntchito yochedwa, monga Lantus, Levemir kapena Tresiba: ndi insulini yomwe imatulutsidwa mosalekeza komanso pang'onopang'ono kupitilira maola 24, zomwe zimangokhala zochepa tsiku lonse.

Ma insulini otenga nthawi yayitali mpaka maola 42 akugulitsidwanso, zomwe zitha kupatsa munthu mwayi waukulu, kuchepetsa kulumidwa.

2. Bolus wochita insulin

Ndiwo mahomoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa insulini yomwe imapangidwa mukatha kudyetsa, kuteteza shuga kuti asakwere mwachangu m'magazi, ndipo ndi awa:

• Kuthamanga msanga kapena pafupipafupi, monga Novolin R kapena Humulin R: amatsanzira insulini yomwe imatulutsidwa tikamadya, choncho imayamba kugwira ntchito mphindi 30, kumachitika pafupifupi maola awiri;
• Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa insulini, monga Humalog, Novorapid ndi Apidra: ndi insulin yomwe imatha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti chakudya chisakule kwambiri shuga, ndipo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito musanadye.

Zinthu izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi zamafuta pansi pa khungu mothandizidwa ndi jakisoni kapena zolembera zapadera za ntchitoyi. Kuphatikiza apo, njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulini, yomwe ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono komwe kamamangiriridwa mthupi, ndipo imatha kupangidwira kuti izitulutsa basal kapena bolus insulin kutengera zosowa za munthu aliyense.

Dziwani zambiri zamtundu wa insulini, katundu wawo ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.