Kudula leishmaniasis: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• 1. Kudula leishmaniasis
• 2. Mucous kapena mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Momwe mungapewere

Matenda a leishmaniasis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa cha matenda a protozoanLeishmania, zomwe zimayambitsa zilonda zopweteka pakhungu ndi mamina amthupi.

Ku Brazil, leishmaniasis yaku America yodula, yotchedwa "zilonda za bauru" kapena "zilonda zakutchire", imafalikira ndi tizilombo ta mtunduwoLutzomyia, omwe amadziwika kuti udzudzu wa udzu, ndipo chithandizo chimachitika motsogozedwa ndi dermatologist, ndipo kungakhale kofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ojambulidwa, omwe amadziwika kuti antimonials pentavalent.

Njira yotengera matendawa ndikuluma kwa tizilombo, tomwe taipitsidwa ndi Leishmania ataluma anthu kapena nyama zomwe zili ndi matendawa, makamaka agalu, amphaka ndi makoswe, chifukwa chake, matendawa sakhala opatsirana ndipo palibe kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu. Tizilombo tomwe timafalitsa leishmaniasis nthawi zambiri timakhala m'malo otentha, achinyezi komanso amdima, makamaka m'nkhalango kapena kumbuyo kwa nyumba komwe kumakhala zinyalala.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Njira zazikuluzikulu zowonetsera leishmaniasis yodula ndi:

1. Kudula leishmaniasis

Kudula leishmaniasis ndiye njira yofala kwambiri yamatendawa, ndipo imayambitsa kukula kwa bala, lomwe:

• Iyamba ngati chotupa chaching'ono pamalo olumirako;
• Kusintha kwa bala lotseguka lopanda ululu m'milungu kapena miyezi ingapo;
• Amachiza pang'onopang'ono osafunikira chithandizo pakati pa miyezi iwiri mpaka 15;
• Matenda am'mimba amatha kutupa komanso kupweteka.

Chotupacho chimayambira pamamilimita angapo mpaka masentimita angapo, chimakhala cholimba mofanana ndi m'mbali mwake komanso pansi pabuka lomwe lingakhale ndi zinsinsi. Pakakhala matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya amatha kupweteketsa anthu am'deralo ndikupanga katulutsidwe koyenera.

Kuphatikiza pa bala lakale, mawonekedwe owonetsera zilondazo amatha kusiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu wa protozoan woyenera komanso chitetezo chamunthu, komanso chimawoneka ngati ziphuphu zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi thupi kapena kulowa pakhungu, mwachitsanzo.

2. Mucous kapena mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Ndizosowa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pambuyo pa zotupa zoyambilira, ndipo zimadziwika ndi zotupa zowononga mucosa zam'mlengalenga, monga mphuno, oropharynx, m'kamwa, milomo, lilime, kholingo ndipo, movutikira, trachea ndi kumtunda kwa mapapo.

Mu mucosa, kufiira, kutupa, kulowa mkati ndi zilonda zam'mimba zitha kuwonedwa ndipo, ngati pali kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a bakiteriya, zilondazo zitha kupezeka ndi purulent kutuluka ndi zotupa. Kuphatikiza apo, mu mucosa wa mphuno, pakhoza kukhala zotumphukira kapena kuwonongeka kwa septum ya cartilaginous ndipo, mkamwa mwake, pakhoza kukhala phokoso la mkamwa wofewa.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Nthawi zambiri adotolo amatha kudziwa zotupa za leishmaniasis pongoyang'ana zotupa ndikudziwuza wodwalayo, makamaka pomwe wodwalayo amakhala kapena amakhala kudera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi tizilomboto. Komabe, matendawa amathanso kusokonezedwa ndi mavuto ena monga chifuwa chachikulu cha TB, matenda a mafangasi kapena khate, mwachitsanzo.

Chifukwa chake, pangafunikenso kuyesa mayeso omwe pali njira zina, monga khungu loyeserera la leishmaniasis, lotchedwa Intradermoreaction ya Montenegro, kuyesa kulakalaka kapena kupindika kwa chotupacho, kuzindikira tiziromboto, kapena magazi mayeso, ELISA kapena PCR.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti leishmaniasis imadziwonekeranso mwamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe ndi visceral, yotchedwanso kala azar. Matendawa amasintha mosiyana kwambiri ndi leishmaniasis, yomwe imafalikira m'magazi. Mvetsetsani momwe mungadziwire visceral leishmaniasis.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Zilonda za cutaneous leishmaniasis nthawi zambiri zimachira popanda kufunika kwa chithandizo. Komabe, pakakhala mabala omwe amakula kukula, amakhala akulu kwambiri, amachulukitsa kapena amapezeka pankhope, m'manja ndi malo olumikizana, atha kulimbikitsidwa kuti azichiritsa ndi mankhwala, monga mafuta odzola ndi jakisoni, motsogozedwa ndi dermatologists .

Mankhwala omwe amasankhidwa koyamba pochiza leishmaniasis ndi ma antimonials osakanikirana, omwe, ku Brazil, amaimiridwa ndi N-methylglucamine antimoniate kapena Glucantime, yopangidwa tsiku lililonse, mu mnofu kapena muyezo wa venous, masiku 20 mpaka 30.

Ngati mabalawo amatenga kachilomboka panthawi yochira, kungakhalenso koyenera kulandira chithandizo ndi namwino kuti azisamalidwa bwino komanso kupewa kukulitsa chilondacho.

Kuphatikiza apo, atachiritsidwa, zipsera zimatha kukhalabe pakhungu ndikupangitsa kusintha kokongoletsa. Chifukwa chake, pangafunike kuchita upangiri wamaganizidwe kapena kuchita opaleshoni ya pulasitiki kuti muthe kusintha nkhope, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe mungapewere

Pofuna kupewa kufala kwa leishmaniasis, ndikofunikira kuyika malingaliro athu pawokha komanso monga gulu:

• Gwiritsani ntchito zothamangitsa mukakhala m'malo omwe muli udzu wa udzudzu, ndipo pewani kuwonekera munthawi ya udzudzu wambiri;
• Gwiritsani ntchito maukonde abwino a udzudzu, komanso kuyika zowonetsera pamakomo ndi m'mawindo;
• Sungani malo ndi mayadi apafupi kukhala oyera, kuchotsa zinyalala ndi dothi, ndikudulira mitengo, kuti muchepetse chinyezi chomwe chimathandizira kuswana kwa udzudzu ndi ntchentche;
• Pewani zinyalala m'nthaka, kuti musakope nyama, monga makoswe, omwe atha kukhala ndi matendawa;
• Sungani zoweta kunja kwa nyumba usiku, kuti muchepetse udzudzu ndi ntchentche kumalo ano;
• Pewani kumanga nyumba zosakwana 4000 kapena 500 mita kuchokera m'nkhalango.

Kuphatikiza apo, pamaso pa mabala omwe samachira mosavuta, ndipo izi zitha kuwonetsa matendawa, ndikofunikira kufunafuna chisamaliro kuchipatala kuti zomwe zimayambitsa ndi chithandizo choyenera zidziwike mwachangu.