Leptospirosis: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro, chifukwa ndi momwe kufalikira kumachitikira

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Chifukwa cha leptospirosis
• Momwe kufalitsa kumachitikira
• Zomwe muyenera kupewa
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Leptospirosis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya amtunduwu Leptospira, yomwe imatha kufalikira kwa anthu kudzera pakukhudzana ndi mkodzo ndi ndowe za nyama zomwe zadwala chifukwa cha bakiteriya, monga makoswe, makamaka agalu ndi amphaka.

Matendawa amapezeka pafupipafupi munthawi ya kusefukira kwamadzi, chifukwa chifukwa chamadzi osefukira, matope ndi dothi lonyowa, mkodzo wa nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka umatha kufalikira ndipo mabakiteriya amapatsira munthu kudzera munthumbu kapena zilonda pakhungu, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda monga malungo, kuzizira, maso ofiira, mutu ndi nseru.

Ngakhale milandu yambiri imayamba kukhala ndi zisonyezo zochepa, anthu ena amatha kupita patsogolo ndi zovuta zina, monga kukha mwazi, kulephera kwa impso kapena meningitis, mwachitsanzo, kotero, nthawi iliyonse yomwe matendawa amakayikiridwa, ndikofunikira kupita kwa opatsirana kapena wothandizira kuti akhale adapanga matendawa ndikuyamba chithandizo, chomwe chingachitike ndi mankhwala opha ululu komanso maantibayotiki.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro za leptospirosis nthawi zambiri zimawoneka pakati pa masiku 7 ndi 14 mutakumana ndi mabakiteriya, komabe nthawi zina zizindikilo zoyambirira za matendawa sizingadziwike, koma ndizizindikiro zowopsa zomwe zikusonyeza kuti matendawa ali kale patsogolo kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za leptospirosis, zikawonekera, zimatha kusiyanasiyana ndi kuziziritsa, monga:

• Kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumayamba mwadzidzidzi;
• Mutu;
• Kupweteka kwa thupi, makamaka ng'ombe, msana ndi pamimba;
• Kutaya njala;
• Kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba;
• Kuzizira;
• Maso ofiira.

Pakati pa masiku 3 ndi 7 kuyambira pomwe matendawa adayamba, Weil triad ikhoza kuwonekera, yomwe ikufanana ndi zizindikilo zitatu zomwe zimawonekera limodzi zomwe zikuwonetsa kuopsa kwa matendawa, monga jaundice, omwe ndi maso achikaso ndi khungu, impso kulephera ndi kukha magazi., makamaka mapapu. Onani zambiri pazizindikiro za leptospirosis.

Kuzindikira kwa leptospirosis kumapangidwa ndi wodwala wamba kapena matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kwazizindikiro, kuwunika thupi ndi kuyezetsa magazi, monga kuwerengera magazi ndi kuyesa kuyesa impso, chiwindi ndi kutseka kwa magazi, kuti muwone ngati pali zovuta zina. Kuphatikiza apo, mayesero am'magulu ndi serological atha kuchitidwa kuti azindikire mabakiteriya ndi ma antigen ndi ma antibodies omwe amapangidwa ndi thupi lotsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa.

Chifukwa cha leptospirosis

Leptospirosis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya amtunduwu Leptospira, yomwe imatha kupatsira mbewa, makamaka amphaka, ng'ombe, nkhumba ndi agalu, osayika chilichonse. Komabe, nyamazi zikakodza kapena kukachita chimbudzi, zimatha kutulutsa mabakiteriyawo m chilengedwe, omwe amatha kupatsira anthu ndikuwatsogolera kukulitsa matendawa.

Momwe kufalitsa kumachitikira

Kupatsirana kwa leptospirosis sikuchitika kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi kupita kwa wina, ndipo kuti matendawa athe kupatsirana, ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi mkodzo kapena ndowe zina za nyama zomwe zawonongeka, monga makoswe, agalu, amphaka, nkhumba ndi ng'ombe.

THE Leptospira nthawi zambiri imalowera kudzera m'matumbo, monga maso ndi pakamwa, kapena mabala ndi zipsera pakhungu, ndipo ikakhala kale m'thupi imatha kufikira magazi ndikufalikira ku ziwalo zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta monga impso kulephera komanso Kutuluka kwa magazi m'mapapo, komwe kuwonjezera pakuchedwa kuwonetseranso kumatha kuonetsa kukula kwa matendawa.

Kukhalapo kwa zinthu monga kusefukira kwa madzi, kusefukira kwa madzi, matope kapena kukhudzana ndi nthaka yonyowa, zinyalala ndi mbewu kumatha kuyambitsa kukhudzana ndi mkodzo wa nyama zowonongeka ndikuthandizira kutenga matenda. Mtundu wina wa kuipitsidwa ndikumwa zakumwa zamzitini kapena kumwa zinthu zamzitini zomwe zakhudzana ndi mkodzo wa khoswe. Dziwani zamatenda ena obwera chifukwa cha mvula.

Zomwe muyenera kupewa

Kuti mudziteteze ndikupewa leptospirosis, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musayanjane ndi madzi omwe atha kupezeka, monga madzi osefukira, matope, mitsinje yokhala ndi madzi oyimirira komanso dziwe losambira lomwe silimalandira mankhwala a chlorine. Ndikofunikira kukumana ndi kusefukira kwamadzi kumatha kukhala kothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mipira yopangira mphira kuti khungu liziuma komanso kutetezedwa bwino kumadzi owonongeka, pachifukwa ichi:

• Sambani ndi kuthira mankhwala ndi bulitchi kapena klorini pansi, mipando, bokosi lamadzi ndi chilichonse chomwe chakhudzana ndi kusefukira kwamadzi;
• Kutaya chakudya chomwe chakhudzana ndi madzi owonongeka;
• Sambani zitini zonse musanatsegule, kaya chakudya kapena zakumwa;
• Wiritsani madzi oti mugwiritse ntchito ndikukonzekera chakudya ndikuyika madontho awiri a bleach mu lita imodzi yamadzi;
• Yesetsani kuthana ndi madzi osefukira madzi osefukira chifukwa cha kuchulukitsa kwa dengue kapena udzudzu wa malungo;
• Yesetsani kuti zinyalala zisachuluke kunyumba ndikuziyika m'matumba otsekedwa komanso kutali ndi pansi kuti muchepetse mbewa.

Njira zina zomwe zimathandizira kupewa matendawa nthawi zonse zimakhala kugwiritsa ntchito magolovesi a mphira, makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinyalala kapena poyeretsa m'malo omwe mungakhale ndi makoswe kapena makoswe ena ndikusamba chakudyacho musanamwe ndi madzi akumwa komanso manja idya.

Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki kupewa matenda kungathenso kuwonetsedwa, komwe kumatchedwa chemoprophylaxis. Nthawi zambiri, maantibayotiki a Doxycycline amayang'ana, omwe amawonetsedwa kwa anthu omwe akumana ndi kusefukira kwamadzi kapena kutsuka maenje, kapena kwa anthu omwe angakumane ndi zoopsa monga masewera ankhondo kapena masewera am'madzi, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chitha kuchitidwa kunyumba ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti muchepetse zizindikilo, monga paracetamol, kuphatikiza madzi ndi kupumula. Maantibayotiki monga Doxycycline kapena Penicillin atha kulimbikitsidwa ndi adotolo kuti amenyane ndi mabakiteriya, komabe zotsatira za maantibayotiki ndizazikulu m'masiku asanu oyamba a matendawa, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti matendawa azindikiridwe posachedwa pomwe zizindikiro zoyambira za matenda kuwonekera. Onani zambiri zamankhwala a Leptospirosis.

Wathu Podcast, a Marcela Lemos a biomedical, amalongosola kukayika kwakukulu pa leptospirosis: