Chiyembekezo cha Moyo wa COPD ndi Chiyembekezo

Zamkati

• Dongosolo Golide
• BODE index
• Unyinji wa thupi
• Kutsekeka kwa mpweya
• Dyspnea
• Mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi
• Kuyesa magazi pafupipafupi
• Mitengo yakufa
• Mapeto

Chidule

Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ku United States ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD), ndipo ambiri akuwadwala. Koma ambiri a iwo sakudziwa, malinga ndi.

Funso limodzi lomwe anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi COPD ali nalo ndi, "Ndingakhale nthawi yayitali bwanji ndi COPD?" Palibe njira yolosera zaka zenizeni za moyo, koma kukhala ndi matenda am'mapapowa atha kufupikitsa moyo.

Zimadalira thanzi lanu lonse komanso ngati muli ndi matenda ena monga matenda amtima kapena matenda ashuga.

Dongosolo Golide

Ofufuza zaka zapitazi apeza njira yowunika thanzi la munthu yemwe ali ndi COPD. Imodzi mwa njira zamakono zomwe zimaphatikizira zotsatira za kuyesa kwa spirometry lung ndi zizindikiritso za munthu. Izi zimabweretsa zilembo zomwe zingathandize kudziwiratu zamtsogolo za moyo ndikuwongolera zosankha zamankhwala kwa iwo omwe ali ndi COPD.

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) ndi imodzi mwamagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri polemba COPD. GOLD ndi gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi la akatswiri azaumoyo am'mapapo omwe nthawi ndi nthawi amatulutsa ndikusintha malangizo kwa madokotala kuti azigwiritsa ntchito posamalira anthu omwe ali ndi COPD.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya GOLD kuyesa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD mu "sukulu" ya matendawa. Kuwunikira ndi njira yodziwira kukula kwa vutoli. Amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokakamiza yotulutsa mpweya (FEV1), mayeso omwe amatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe munthu angathe kutulutsa mwamphamvu m'mapapu awo mphindi imodzi, kuti aone kukula kwa COPD.

Zotsatira zaposachedwa kwambiri zimapangitsa FEV1 kukhala gawo lowunika. Kutengera mawonekedwe anu a FEV1, mumalandira kalasi ya GOLD kapena gawo motere:

• GOLD 1: FEV1 ya 80 peresenti inaneneratu kapena kupitilira apo
• GOLD 2: FEV1 ya 50 mpaka 79% idaneneratu
• GOLD 3: FEV1 ya 30 mpaka 49% idaneneratu
• GOLD 4: FEV1 yochepera 30 peresenti inaneneratu

Gawo lachiwiri la kuwunikiraku limadalira zizindikilo monga dyspnea, kapena kupuma movutikira, ndi kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa kukulira koopsa, zomwe ndizowopsa zomwe zingafune kuchipatala.

Kutengera izi, anthu omwe ali ndi COPD adzakhala mgulu limodzi: A, B, C, kapena D.

Wina wopanda kukwiya kapena zomwe sizinkafuna kulowa mchipatala mchaka chathachi azikhala mgulu A kapena B. Izi zimadaliranso pakuwunika kwa kupuma. Omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zambiri amakhala mgulu B, ndipo omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zochepa amakhala mgulu A.

Anthu omwe akuchulukirachulukira kamodzi omwe amafunikira kuchipatala, kapena zochulukirapo zosachepera ziwiri zomwe zidafuna kapena sizinafune kuti alandire chipatala mchaka chatha, zitha kukhala mgulu la C kapena D. Kenako, omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zopumira zambiri adzakhala mgulu la D, ndipo omwe alibe zizindikiro zochepa amakhala mgulu la C.

Potsatira malangizo atsopanowa, wina wotchedwa GOLD grade 4, Gulu D, adzakhala ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri la COPD. Ndipo mwaukadaulo adzakhala ndi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali kuposa munthu yemwe ali ndi dzina la GOLD grade 1, Gulu A.

BODE index

Muyeso wina womwe umagwiritsa ntchito zochulukirapo kuposa FEV1 kuti mupeze mawonekedwe a COPD ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi index ya BODE. BODE limaimira:

• thupi
• kutsekeka kwa mpweya
• ziphuphu
• mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi

BODE amatenga chithunzi chonse cha momwe COPD imakhudzira moyo wanu. Ngakhale index ya BODE imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asing'anga ena, kufunikira kwake kumatha kuchepa pomwe ofufuza amaphunzira zambiri za matendawa.

Unyinji wa thupi

Mndandanda wamagulu amthupi (BMI), womwe umayang'ana kuchuluka kwa thupi kutengera kutalika ndi magawo azolemera, umatha kudziwa ngati munthu ndi wonenepa kapena wonenepa. BMI amathanso kudziwa ngati wina ali wowonda kwambiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi COPD ndipo ndi owonda kwambiri akhoza kukhala ndi malingaliro olakwika.

Kutsekeka kwa mpweya

Izi zikutanthauza FEV1, monga momwe amachitira ndi GOLD.

Dyspnea

Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu akuwonetsa kuti kupuma movutikira kumatha kukhudza mawonekedwe a COPD.

Mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi

Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumatha kulekerera zolimbitsa thupi. Nthawi zambiri zimayezedwa ndi mayeso omwe amatchedwa "kuyesa kwa mphindi 6".

Kuyesa magazi pafupipafupi

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za COPD ndikutupa kwamachitidwe. Kuyezetsa magazi komwe kumafufuza ngati pali zotupa kumatha kukhala kothandiza.

Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ndi eosinophil-to-basophil ratio zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuuma kwa COPD.

Nkhani yomwe ili pamwambayi ikuwonetsa kuti kuyesa magazi pafupipafupi kumatha kuwerengera awa omwe ali ndi COPD. Inanenanso kuti NLR itha kukhala yothandiza makamaka poneneratu za chiyembekezo cha moyo.

Mitengo yakufa

Mofanana ndi matenda alionse oopsa, monga COPD kapena khansa, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo chimadalira makamaka kukula kwake kapena matenda ake.

Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wa 2009 wofalitsidwa mu International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, bambo wazaka 65 yemwe ali ndi COPD yemwe amasuta fodya pakadali pano ali ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa chiyembekezo cha moyo, kutengera gawo la COPD:

• gawo 1: zaka 0.3
• Gawo 2: zaka 2.2
• Gawo 3 kapena 4: zaka 5.8

Nkhaniyi idanenanso kuti pagululi, zaka 3.5 zina nawonso zidatayika chifukwa chosuta ndi omwe sanasute komanso alibe matenda am'mapapo.

Kwa omwe amasuta kale, kuchepa kwa chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo kuchokera ku COPD ndi:

• Gawo 2: zaka 1.4
• Gawo 3 kapena 4: zaka 5.6

Nkhaniyi idanenanso kuti pagululi, zaka zowonjezera 0,5 zidatayikiranso chifukwa chosuta ndi omwe sanasute komanso alibe matenda am'mapapo.

Kwa iwo omwe sanasute fodya, kuchepa kwa chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi:

• gawo 2: zaka 0.7
• Gawo 3 kapena 4: zaka 1.3

Kwa omwe kale anali osuta komanso omwe sanasutepo, kusiyana kwa chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo kwa anthu omwe ali pa siteji 0 ndi anthu omwe ali pa siteji 1 sikunali kofunikira, mosiyana ndi omwe anali osuta pano.

Mapeto

Kodi ndizotani zomwe njira izi zakulosera zaka za moyo? Zomwe mungachite kuti mupite patsogolo kupita ku COPD kumakhala bwino.

Njira yabwino yochepetsera kukula kwa matendawa ndikusiya kusuta mukasuta. Komanso, pewani utsi wa fodya kapena zopweteka zina monga kuipitsa mpweya, fumbi, kapena mankhwala.

Ngati muli ndi onenepa, ndizothandiza kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino ndi zakudya zabwino komanso njira zowonjezera chakudya, monga kudya pang'ono, pafupipafupi. Kuphunzira momwe mungapangire kupuma bwino ndi zolimbitsa thupi monga kupumira pakamwa kumathandizanso.

Mwinanso mutha kutenga nawo mbali pulogalamu yokonzanso mapapu.Muphunzira za masewera olimbitsa thupi, njira zopumira, ndi njira zina zokulitsira thanzi lanu.

Ndipo ngakhale kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso zolimbitsa thupi zitha kukhala zovuta ndi vuto lakupuma, ndichimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe mungachite pa thanzi lamapapu anu ndi thupi lanu lonse.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira yabwino yoyambira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Phunzirani zisonyezo zakuvuta kupuma komanso zomwe muyenera kuchita mukawona pang'ono. Mudzafunika kutsatira mankhwala aliwonse a COPD omwe adakupatsani dokotala.

Zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, moyo wanu ungakhale wautali komanso wokwanira.

COPD ndiye mtsogoleri wachitatu wakufa ku United States, malinga ndi American Lung Association.