Lymphoma: chimene chiri, zizindikiro zazikulu ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa lymphoma ndi leukemia
• Zomwe zimayambitsa
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• 1. Chemotherapy
• 2. Radiotherapy
• 3. Chithandizo cha chitetezo chamthupi
• 4. Kuika mafuta m'mafupa
• 5. Chithandizo cha majini
• 6. Opaleshoni
• Kodi lymphoma ingachiritsidwe?

Lymphoma ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imakhudza ma lymphocyte, omwe ndi maselo omwe amateteza thupi kumatenda ndi matenda. Khansara yamtunduwu imayamba makamaka munyama zam'mimba, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti lingas, zomwe zimapezeka m'khwapa, kubuula ndi khosi, zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe omwe amatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo monga malungo, thukuta usiku, kutopa kwambiri komanso kuwonda popanda chifukwa chomveka.

Kawirikawiri, lymphoma imapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu akuluakulu kuposa ana, ndipo anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa, monga omwe ali ndi mbiri ya banja la lymphoma, omwe ali ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lawo likhale ndi chitetezo chokwanira kapena amene ali ndi kachilombo ndi ma virus ena ngati HIV, Epstein-Barr kapena HTLV-1.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya lymphoma, yomwe imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe am'magazi oyipa omwe amapezeka mumayeso ofufuza, monga:

• Hodgkin's lymphoma, yomwe imapezeka kawirikawiri, imakhudza anthu okalamba ndipo imalimbitsa maselo ena oteteza thupi, ma lymphocyte amtundu wa B;
• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, zomwe ndizofala kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku ma lymphocyte a B ndi T. Onani zambiri za non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Kuzindikira kwa mitundu iwiri yonse ya lymphoma kumachitika poyesa magazi, kuyerekezera zojambulajambula ndi mafupa am'mafupa ndipo chithandizochi chimakhazikitsidwa makamaka ndi chemotherapy, radiotherapy komanso kupatsira mafuta m'mafupa. Ngati atapezeka msanga ndipo ngati mankhwala ayambika mwachangu, mwayi wochiritsa lymphoma ndiwambiri.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro zazikulu za lymphoma ndikutentha thupi nthawi zonse, thukuta usiku ndi kupezeka kwa ma lymph node, omwe amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa zotupa pakhosi, khwapa kapena kubuula. Zizindikiro zina zomwe zitha kuwonetsa lymphoma ndi izi:

• Kutopa kwambiri;
• Itch;
• Malaise;
• Kutaya njala;
• Kuzonda popanda chifukwa chomveka;
• Kupuma pang'ono ndi kutsokomola.

Kuphatikiza pa zizindikilozi, ndulu, yomwe ndi gawo lomwe limapanga maselo oteteza, omwe ali mbali yakumanzere kumimba, imatha kukhudzidwa ndi lymphoma ndikutupa ndikupweteka, komanso, Mpweya wam'mimba wakula kwambiri, umatha kukanikiza mitsempha ya mwendo ndikupangitsa kufooka kapena kumva kulira. Dziwani zizindikiro zina za khansa ya m'mimba.

Pamaso pazizindikiro zingapo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupite kwa dokotala kukayezetsa ndipo, ngati matendawa atsimikiziridwa, chithandizo choyenera chitha kuyambitsidwa malinga ndi chitsogozo cha dokotala, hematologist kapena oncologist.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa lymphoma ndi leukemia

Mu leukemia, maselo owopsa amayamba kuchulukana m'mafupa, pomwe ku lymphoma, khansa imayamba m'mitsempha, kapena chilankhulo. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale zizindikilo zina ndizofanana, monga kutentha thupi ndi thukuta usiku, mu leukemia ndizofala kwambiri kutuluka magazi ndikuwoneka mawanga ofiira mthupi, ndipo mu lymphoma, khungu loyabwa limachitika.

Zomwe zimayambitsa

Zomwe zimayambitsa lymphoma sizinafotokozeredwe bwino, koma anthu opitilira 60 atha kukhala ndi Hodgkin's lymphoma. Zina zomwe zingagwirizanenso ndi kutuluka kwa lymphoma ndi matenda a kachilombo ka HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, yomwe imayambitsa mononucleosis, HTLV-1, yomwe imayambitsa mitundu ina ya matenda a chiwindi, komanso matenda a bakiteriya Helicobacter pylori, omwe amapezeka m'mimba.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukhala ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa chitetezo chochepa chamankhwala, kukhala ndi matenda amthupi okha, monga lupus kapena matenda a celiac, komanso kugwira ntchito m'malo omwe mumapezeka mankhwala ambiri, monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kumatha kuthandizira kuyambika kwa lymphoma . Onani zomwe zingayambitse khansa yam'mimba.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Matenda a lymphoma amachitika chifukwa chofufuza za dokotala, hematologist kapena oncologist komanso zotsatira za mayeso ena, monga:

• Kuyesa magazi: amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza maselo am'magazi ndi ma enzyme, chifukwa kusintha kwa leukogram, monga kuwonjezeka kwa ma lymphocyte, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) kungasonyeze kupezeka kwa lymphoma;
• X-ray: Amapereka zithunzi za ziwalo za thupi zomwe zingakhudzidwe ndi lymphoma;
• Kujambula tomography: amalola kuwonera zithunzi za ziwalo zathupi mwatsatanetsatane kuposa X-ray, kutha kudziwa lymphoma;
• Kujambula kwama maginito: komanso computed tomography, imagwira ntchito kudziwa malo omwe thupi limakhudzidwa ndi lymphoma pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi;
• Kujambula kwazinyama: ndi mtundu wa computed tomography, womwe umathandizira kuzindikira metastasis, ndipamene lymphoma imafalikira m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi;

Amawonetsedwanso ndi dotolo kuti apange fupa la m'mafupa lomwe limakhala ndi kuchotsa kachigawo kakang'ono ka mafupa m'chiuno kuti asanthule maselo am'mafupa ndikupeza ngati akhudzidwa ndi lymphoma.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Kuchokera pazotsatira za mayeso, a hematologist kapena oncologist awonetsa chithandizo malinga ndi mtundu, kukula, digiri ndi dera lomwe lymphoma imapezeka, komanso zaka za munthu komanso momwe zinthu ziliri. Mwanjira imeneyi, lymphoma imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi izi:

1. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi kuperekera mankhwala kudzera mumitsempha, kudzera mu catheter, kuchotsa maselo a khansa omwe amayambitsa lymphoma. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza lymphoma ndi doxorubicin, bleomycin, dacarbazine ndi vinblastine ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lomwelo, ngati gawo la njira yothandizira, kusankha kwa dokotala malinga ndi mtundu wa lymphoma wopezeka.

Malangizo a Chemotherapy amachitika milungu itatu kapena inayi iliyonse, chifukwa mankhwalawa amakhala ndi zovuta zina, monga kutaya tsitsi, nseru ndi kusanza, kusowa chakudya komanso kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti thupi lipezenso bwino. Malinga ndi mtundu wa lymphoma, adokotala adzawona kuti ndi kangati pobwereza mankhwalawo, ndiye kuti ndi mankhwala angati a chemotherapy omwe angachitike.

2. Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga maselo a khansa kudzera pama radiation yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi makina molunjika ku lymph node yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi lymphoma, momwe zimapangidwira pakhungu kuti cheza ichi chizikhala pamalo omwewo nthawi zonse.

Asanayambitse chithandizo cha radiotherapy, radiotherapist, mothandizidwa ndi mayeso oyerekeza, amakonzekereratu komwe kuli thupi la lymphoma ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa radiation, kuchuluka kwake komanso kutalika kwa magawo.

Nthawi zambiri, radiotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi njira zina zochiritsira kuti pakhale mwayi wothana ndi maselo omwe amayambitsa lymphoma, ndipo zimayambitsa zovuta zina monga kusowa kwa njala, kumva kudwala, kumva kutentha m'deralo. Onani zomwe mungadye kuti muchepetse zovuta za radiation.

3. Chithandizo cha chitetezo chamthupi

Mitundu ina ya lymphoma imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe ndi mankhwala omwe amathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi kumenyana ndi maselo am'magazi am'mimba, ndipo zotsatirapo zake ndizocheperako kuposa chemotherapy.

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi njira zina zamankhwala, kuwonjezera mwayi wochiritsa lymphoma. Mankhwala ena a immunotherapy omwe amachiza lymphoma ndi rituximab, bortezomib ndi lenalidomide.

4. Kuika mafuta m'mafupa

Kuika mafuta m'mafupa ndi mankhwala omwe amaphatikizapo kuwononga maselo am'magazi am'magazi ndikuwasintha ndi maselo amtundu wathanzi. Asanalandire maselo amtundu wathanzi, chemotherapy wofunikira amafunika kupha ma cell onse a khansa mthupi. Dziwani zambiri zamaselo a tsinde ndi momwe angathandizire.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya kusintha kwa mafupa komwe kumakhala kodziyimira payokha, pomwe ma cell amtundu amalandiridwa kuchokera kwa munthu mwiniyo, ndi allogeneic, ndipamene maselo am'maso amachokera kwa munthu wina. Kuti mulandire fupa kuchokera kwa munthu wina, liyenera kukhala logwirizana, kotero kusanachitike, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika, kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi lymphoma komanso kwa munthu yemwe apereka mafupa.

5. Chithandizo cha majini

Pakadali pano, chithandizo chatsopano cha lymphoma chotchedwa CAR-T-cell chikuyambitsidwa, ndipamene maselo oteteza thupi amachotsedwa ndikupangidwanso mtundu wina wa tinthu kenako ma cell omwewo amalowetsedwa mthupi kuthandizira kukulitsa Chitetezo cholimbana ndi khansa. Chithandizochi chikuwerengedwabe ndipo sichikupezeka muzipatala zonse. Pezani zambiri zamomwe mankhwala amathandizira pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya CAR-T-cell.

6. Opaleshoni

Nthawi zina, ma lymph node amakula kwambiri, chifukwa cha lymphoma, amatha kufikira ziwalo zina monga ndulu ndipo chifukwa chake adotolo amalimbikitsa kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti atulutse chiwalo ichi. Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa, nthawi zina pamafunika kuchita opareshoni yaying'ono kuti muchotse lymph node, kuti muchite kafukufuku wofufuza ma cell a khansa.

Kodi lymphoma ingachiritsidwe?

Zotsatira zamankhwala zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu ndi mulingo wa lymphoma, koma nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ngati mutalandira chithandizo malinga ndi malingaliro azachipatala. Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa akapezeka ndikuchiritsidwa msanga, mwayi woti akuchiritsidwa amakhala wokulirapo.

Mankhwala atsopano, kafukufuku watsopano ndi chisamaliro chabwino cha chithandizo cha munthu yemwe akuchiritsidwa zikupangidwa motero zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino ndipo, chifukwa chake, moyo wabwino ukuyembekezeredwa.