Khansa ya Chiwindi

Zamkati

• Kodi khansa ya chiwindi ndi chiyani?
• Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa yoyamba ya chiwindi ndi iti?
• Matenda a hepatocellular carcinoma
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Chiwindi angiosarcoma
• Hepatoblastoma
• Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya chiwindi ndi ziti?
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi?
• Kodi khansa ya chiwindi imapezeka bwanji?
• Chiwindi chiwindi
• Kodi khansa ya chiwindi imathandizidwa bwanji?
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Kuika chiwindi
• Kuchotsa
• Chemotherapy
• Thandizo la radiation
• Chithandizo chofuna
• Embolization ndi chemoembolization
• Kodi khansa ya chiwindi ingapewe bwanji?
• Pezani katemera wa hepatitis B
• Tengani njira zopewera matenda a chiwindi a C
• Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda enaake
• Imwani mowa pang'ono
• Pitirizani kulemera bwino
• Kulimbana ndi khansa ya chiwindi

Zithunzi za Cavan / Getty Images

Kodi khansa ya chiwindi ndi chiyani?

Khansa ya chiwindi ndi khansa yomwe imapezeka m'chiwindi. Chiwindi ndiye chiwalo chachikulu kwambiri chamthupi ndipo chimagwira ntchito zingapo zofunikira kuti thupi likhale lopanda poizoni ndi zinthu zoyipa.

Chiwindi chimapezeka kumtunda kwakumanja pamimba, pansi penipeni pa nthiti. Imagwira ntchito yopanga bile, yomwe ndi chinthu chomwe chimakuthandizani kugaya mafuta, mavitamini, ndi michere ina.

Chiwalo chofunikachi chimasunganso zakudya monga shuga, kuti mukhalebe wathanzi nthawi zina pamene simukudya. Imaphwanyanso mankhwala ndi poizoni.

Khansa ikayamba m'chiwindi, imawononga maselo a chiwindi ndikusokoneza chiwindi kugwira ntchito bwino.

Khansara ya chiwindi imadziwika kuti yoyamba kapena yachiwiri. Khansa yoyamba ya chiwindi imayamba m'maselo a chiwindi. Khansara ya chiwindi yachiwiri imayamba pomwe maselo a khansa ochokera m'chiwalo china amafalikira mpaka pachiwindi.

Mosiyana ndi ma cell ena mthupi, ma cell a khansa amatha kuchoka pamalo oyambira, kapena pomwe khansayo idayambira.

Maselowo amapita kumadera ena a thupi kudzera m'magazi kapena ma lymphatic system. Maselo a khansa amatha kusonkhana m'thupi lina ndikuyamba kukula pamenepo.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za khansa yoyamba ya chiwindi. Ngati muli ndi khansa m'chiwalo china musanakhale ndi khansa ya chiwindi, chonde onani nkhani yathu yokhudza metastasis ya chiwindi kuti mudziwe zambiri za khansa ya chiwindi yachiwiri.

Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa yoyamba ya chiwindi ndi iti?

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa yoyamba ya chiwindi imachokera m'maselo osiyanasiyana omwe amapanga chiwindi. Khansara yoyamba ya chiwindi imatha kuyamba ngati chotupa chimodzi chikukula m'chiwindi, kapena imayamba m'malo ambiri m'chiwindi nthawi yomweyo.

Anthu omwe ali ndi chiwindi chowopsa kwambiri amakhala ndi malo ambiri okula khansa. Mitundu yayikulu ya khansa yoyamba ya chiwindi ndi iyi:

Matenda a hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti hepatoma, ndiye mtundu wodziwika bwino wa khansa ya chiwindi, yomwe imakhala ndi 75 peresenti ya khansa yonse ya chiwindi.

Vutoli limayamba m'masamba a hepatocyte, omwe ndimaselo ambiri a chiwindi. Imatha kufalikira kuchokera pachiwindi kupita mbali zina za thupi, monga kapamba, matumbo, ndi m'mimba.

HCC imakonda kupezeka kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiwindi chowopsa chifukwa chomwa mowa kwambiri.

Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma, yomwe imadziwika kuti khansa ya bile, imayamba mumayendedwe ang'onoang'ono a chubu m'chiwindi. Miphika iyi imanyamula bile kupita ku ndulu kuti zithandizire kugaya.

Khansara ikayamba m'chigawo cha ducts mkati mwa chiwindi, amatchedwa khansa ya intrahepatic bile duct. Khansara ikayamba m'chigawo chamadontho kunja kwa chiwindi, amatchedwa khansa ya bongo ya extrahepatic bile.

Khansa yamagazi imabweretsa pafupifupi 10 mpaka 20% ya khansa yonse ya chiwindi.

Chiwindi angiosarcoma

Chiwindi angiosarcoma ndi khansa ya chiwindi yosowa yomwe imayamba m'mitsempha yamagazi ya chiwindi. Khansa yamtunduwu imakonda kupita patsogolo mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa chake imadziwika kuti ili patsogolo kwambiri.

Hepatoblastoma

Hepatoblastoma ndi khansa ya chiwindi yosowa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa ana, makamaka omwe sanakwanitse zaka zitatu.

Ndi opaleshoni ndi chemotherapy, malingaliro a anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yamtunduwu akhoza kukhala abwino kwambiri. Pamene hepatoblastoma imapezeka koyambirira, chiwerengerochi chimakhala chachikulu kuposa 90%.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya chiwindi ndi ziti?

Anthu ambiri samakumana ndi zizindikilo zoyambirira za khansa yoyamba ya chiwindi. Zizindikiro zikawoneka, zimatha kuphatikiza:

• kusapeza bwino m'mimba, kupweteka, komanso kukoma mtima
• chikasu cha khungu komanso azungu amaso, omwe amatchedwa jaundice
• zoyera, chalky chimbudzi
• nseru
• kusanza
• kuvulaza kapena kutuluka magazi mosavuta
• kufooka
• kutopa

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi?

Madokotala sakudziwa chifukwa chake anthu ena amadwala khansa ya chiwindi pomwe ena satero. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya chiwindi:

• Khansa ya chiwindi imafala kwambiri kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 50.
• Matenda a hepatitis B kapena C omwe atenga nthawi yayitali amatha kuwononga chiwindi chanu. Hepatitis imafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu kudzera pakukhudzana mwachindunji ndi madzi amthupi a munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka, monga magazi awo kapena umuna. Zitha kuperekedwanso kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana pobereka. Mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a chiwindi a B ndi C pogwiritsa ntchito chitetezo panthawi yogonana. Palinso katemera amene angakutetezeni ku matenda a chiwindi a B.
• Kukhala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa ziwiri kapena zingapo tsiku lililonse pazaka zambiri kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi.
• Cirrhosis ndi mtundu wa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi momwe minofu yathanzi imalowetsedwa ndi minofu yofiira. Chiwindi chotupa sichitha kugwira bwino ntchito ndipo pamapeto pake chimatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri, kuphatikiza khansa ya chiwindi. Kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kwanthawi yayitali komanso matenda a chiwindi a C ndizomwe zimayambitsa kufala kwamatenda ku United States. Ambiri aku America omwe ali ndi khansa ya chiwindi ali ndi cirrhosis asadakhale ndi khansa ya chiwindi.
• Kuwonetsedwa ndi aflatoxin ndichinthu chowopsa. Aflatoxin ndi mankhwala owopsa omwe amapangidwa ndi mtundu wa nkhungu womwe umatha kumera mtedza, chimanga, ndi chimanga. Ku United States, malamulo okhudza chakudya amachepetsa kufalikira kwa aflatoxin. Kunja kwa dziko, komabe, kupezeka kwa aflatoxin kumatha kukhala kwakukulu.
• Matenda ashuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri ndiwonso zoopsa. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri, omwe angayambitse mavuto a chiwindi ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi.

Kodi khansa ya chiwindi imapezeka bwanji?

Kuzindikira kwa khansa ya chiwindi kumayamba ndi mbiri yazachipatala ndikuwunika. Onetsetsani kuti muuze dokotala ngati muli ndi mbiri yakumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kapena matenda a chiwindi a B kapena C.

Kuyezetsa ndi njira za khansa ya chiwindi ndi izi:

• Kuyesa kwa chiwindi kumathandizira dokotala kuti adziwe thanzi la chiwindi chanu poyesa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, michere ya chiwindi, ndi bilirubin m'magazi anu.
• Kupezeka kwa alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) m'magazi kungakhale chizindikiro cha khansa ya chiwindi. Puloteni iyi imangopangidwa m'chiwindi ndi chikwama cha ana asanabadwe. Kupanga kwa AFP nthawi zambiri kumasiya pambuyo pobadwa.
• Kusanthula m'mimba kwa CT kapena MRI kumatulutsa zithunzi za chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina m'mimba. Amatha kuloleza dokotala kuti anene komwe chotupa chikukula, kudziwa kukula kwake, ndikuwunika ngati chafalikira ku ziwalo zina.

Chiwindi chiwindi

Chiyeso china chazidziwitso chomwe chilipo ndi chiwindi cha chiwindi. Chiwindi cha chiwindi chimaphatikizapo kuchotsa kachidutswa kakang'ono ka chiwindi. Nthawi zonse zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito dzanzi kuti musamve kuwawa panthawi yomwe mukuchita.

Nthaŵi zambiri, kupopera kwa singano kumachitika. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, dokotala wanu adzaika singano yopyapyala m'mimba mwanu komanso m'chiwindi kuti mupeze mtundu wa minofu. Chitsanzocho chimayesedwa pansi pa microscope ngati pali zizindikiro za khansa.

Chiwindi cha chiwindi chimatha kuchitidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito laparoscope, yomwe ndi chubu yopyapyala, yosinthasintha yokhala ndi kamera yolumikizidwa. Kamera imalola dokotala wanu kuti awone momwe chiwindi chikuwonekera ndikuwonetsetsa bwino.

Laparoscope imalowetsedwa kudzera paching'onoting'ono m'mimba. Ngati zofunikira za minofu kuchokera ku ziwalo zina zikufunika, dokotala wanu amatulutsa zochulukirapo. Izi zimatchedwa laparotomy.

Ngati khansa ya chiwindi ipezeka, dokotala wanu azindikira gawo la khansa. Kufotokozera kumafotokoza kukula kwa khansa kapena kukula kwake. Ikhoza kuthandiza dokotala kudziwa njira zomwe mungasamalire komanso malingaliro anu. Gawo 4 ndiye gawo lapamwamba kwambiri la khansa ya chiwindi.

Kodi khansa ya chiwindi imathandizidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha khansa ya chiwindi chimasiyanasiyana. Zimatengera:

• chiwerengero, kukula, ndi malo a zotupa m'chiwindi
• chiwindi chikugwira ntchito bwino
• kaya cirrhosis ilipo
• kaya chotupacho chafalikira ku ziwalo zina

Ndondomeko yanu yamankhwala itengera izi. Mankhwala a khansa ya chiwindi atha kukhala ndi izi:

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi

Hepatectomy imachitidwa kuti ichotse gawo la chiwindi kapena chiwindi chonse. Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumachitika nthawi yomwe khansa imangokhala m'chiwindi. Popita nthawi, minofu yotsala yathanzi imabwereranso ndikusintha gawo lomwe likusowalo.

Kuika chiwindi

Kuika chiwindi kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa chiwindi chonse chodwala ndi chiwindi chathanzi kuchokera kwa woperekayo woyenera. Kuika kumatha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati khansara siinafalikire ziwalo zina. Mankhwala oletsa kukanidwa amaperekedwa pambuyo pobzala.

Kuchotsa

Ablation imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa kutentha kapena wa ethanol kuwononga maselo a khansa. Zimachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa ululu am'deralo. Izi zimapangitsa dzikolo kukhala lopweteka. Kuchotsa mitengo kungathandize anthu omwe sioyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni kapena kumuika.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi njira yamankhwala yamankhwala yomwe imawononga ma cell a khansa. Mankhwalawa amabayidwa kudzera m'mitsempha, kapena kudzera mumitsempha. Nthawi zambiri, chemotherapy imatha kuperekedwa ngati kuchipatala.

Chemotherapy imatha kuthandizira pochiza khansa ya chiwindi, koma anthu ambiri amakumana ndi zovuta nthawi yamankhwala, kuphatikiza kusanza, kuchepa kwa njala, komanso kuzizira. Chemotherapy ingathenso kuwonjezera chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo.

Thandizo la radiation

Chithandizo cha ma radiation chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito milatho yamagetsi yamagetsi yopha ma cell a khansa. Itha kuperekedwa ndi cheza chakunja chakunja kapena poizoniyu wamkati.

Mu cheza chakunja chamtengo, cheza chimayang'ana pamimba ndi pachifuwa. Poizoniyu wamkati amaphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito catheter kuti alowetse tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono m'mitsempha ya hepatic.

Poizoniyo ndiye amawononga mtsempha wamagazi, womwe ndi magazi womwe umapatsira magazi pachiwindi. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe akuthamukira pachotupacho. Mitsempha ya hepatic ikatsekedwa, mtsempha wa portal umapitilizabe kudyetsa chiwindi.

Chithandizo chofuna

Chithandizo choyenera chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe apangidwa kuti agwire ma cell a khansa pomwe ali pachiwopsezo. Amachepetsa kukula kwa chotupa ndikuthandizira kutseka magazi pachotupacho.

Sorafenib (Nexavar) yavomerezedwa ngati chithandizo chofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya chiwindi. Chithandizo chofunidwa chitha kukhala chothandiza kwa anthu omwe sanayenere kulandira chiwindi kapena chiwindi.

Chithandizo chomwe mukufuna chingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu.

Embolization ndi chemoembolization

Kuphatikizika ndi chemoembolization ndi njira zochitira opaleshoni. Iwo amaliza kuti atseke mitsempha ya hepatic. Dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito masiponji ang'onoang'ono kapena tinthu tina kuti achite izi. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amayenda mpaka chotupacho.

Mu chemoembolization, dokotala wanu amalowetsa mankhwala a chemotherapy m'mitsempha yam'mimba musanafike jekeseni. Kutsekeka komwe kumapangidwa kumapangitsa kuti mankhwala a chemotherapy m'chiwindi azikhala nthawi yayitali.

Kodi khansa ya chiwindi ingapewe bwanji?

Khansa ya chiwindi sichingapewe nthawi zonse. Komabe, mumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi potenga njira zolepheretsa kukula kwa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya chiwindi.

Pezani katemera wa hepatitis B

Pali katemera wa matenda a chiwindi a B omwe ana onse ayenera kulandira. Akuluakulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo (monga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo) ayeneranso kulandira katemera.

Katemerayu amaperekedwa m'magulu atatu a jakisoni kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Tengani njira zopewera matenda a chiwindi a C

Palibe katemera wa hepatitis C, koma mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo pochita izi:

• Gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo. Nthawi zonse muzichita zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito kondomu ndi onse omwe mumagonana nawo.Musagonane mosadziteteza pokhapokha mutatsimikiza kuti wokondedwa wanu alibe matenda a chiwindi kapena matenda ena aliwonse opatsirana pogonana.
• Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka omwe angathe kubayidwa, monga heroin kapena cocaine. Ngati mukulephera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, onetsetsani kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito singano yosabereka nthawi iliyonse mukawabaya. Osagawana singano ndi anthu ena.
• Samalani ndi ma tattoo ndi kuboola. Pitani ku shopu yodalirika nthawi iliyonse mukaboola kapena kulemba mphini. Funsani ogwira ntchito za chitetezo chawo ndipo onetsetsani kuti akugwiritsa ntchito singano zosabereka.

Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda enaake

Mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha chiwindi pochita izi:

Imwani mowa pang'ono

Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mowa womwe mumamwa kumathandizira kupewa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi. Azimayi sayenera kumwa zakumwa zoposa chimodzi patsiku, ndipo amuna sayenera kumwa zakumwa zoposa ziwiri patsiku.

Pitirizani kulemera bwino

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi 30 katatu pamlungu kungakuthandizeni kuti muchepetse kunenepa.

Kudya chakudya choyenera ndikofunikanso pakuwongolera kunenepa. Onetsetsani kuti mumayika mapuloteni owonda, mbewu zonse, ndi masamba kapena zipatso muzakudya zanu zambiri.

Ngati mukufuna kuchepa thupi, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe mumachita tsiku lililonse ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwama calories omwe mumadya.

Mwinanso mungafune kulingalira zokumana ndi katswiri wazakudya. Amatha kukuthandizani kuti mupange dongosolo la chakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amakulolani kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu mwachangu mwachangu.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwazimenezi ndipo mukuda nkhawa ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuyezetsa khansa ya chiwindi.

Kulimbana ndi khansa ya chiwindi

Matenda a khansa ya chiwindi amatha kukhala oopsa. Ndikofunika kukhala ndi nthandizo yolimba yomwe ingakuthandizeni kuthana ndi zovuta zilizonse kapena nkhawa zomwe mungakhale nazo.

Mungafune kukaonana ndi mlangizi yemwe angakuthandizeni kuthana ndi malingaliro anu. Mwinanso mungaganize zolowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa komwe mungakambirane nkhawa zanu ndi ena omwe angamve zomwe mukukumana nazo.

Funsani dokotala wanu za magulu othandizira m'dera lanu. Muthanso kupeza zambiri zamagulu othandizira pawebusayiti ya American Cancer Society.