Zonse Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Khansa Yam'mapapo

Zamkati

• Kodi zizindikiro za khansa yamapapu ndi ziti?
• Kodi chimayambitsa khansa yamapapo ndi yotani?
• Magawo a khansa yamapapo
• Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kupweteka kwa msana
• Zowopsa za khansa yamapapo
• Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kusuta
• Kuzindikira khansa yamapapu
• Chithandizo cha khansa yamapapo
• Zithandizo zapakhomo zaku khansa yamapapu
• Malangizo azakudya kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yamapapo
• Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
• Zoona ndi ziwerengero za khansara yamapapo

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa yamapapu?

Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'mapapu.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo (NSCLC). NSCLC imakhala pafupifupi 80 mpaka 85% ya milandu yonse. Makumi atatu mwa atatu mwa milanduyi amayamba m'maselo omwe amapanga matabwa a thupi ndi malo ake.

Mtundu uwu umakonda kukhala kunja kwa mapapo (adenocarcinomas). Wina 30 peresenti ya milandu amayamba m'maselo omwe amayandikira magawo am'mapapo (squamous cell carcinoma).

Chigawo chochepa cha adenocarcinoma chimayambira m'matumba ang'onoang'ono am'mapapu (alveoli). Amatchedwa adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS).

Mtunduwu suli wankhanza ndipo mwina sungalande minofu yoyandikana nawo kapena ungafune chithandizo mwachangu. Mitundu yomwe ikukula mwachangu ya NSCLC imaphatikizapo zotupa zazikuluzikulu-cell carcinoma ndi zotupa zazikulu za cell neuroendocrine.

Khansa ya m'mapapo yaying'ono (SCLC) imayimira pafupifupi 15 mpaka 20 peresenti ya khansa yamapapu. SCLC imakula ndikufalikira mwachangu kuposa NSCLC. Izi zimathandizanso kuti athe kuyankha chemotherapy. Komabe, zimakhalanso zochepa kuchiritsidwa ndi chithandizo.

Nthawi zina, zotupa za khansa yamapapu zimakhala ndi maselo a NSCLC ndi SCLC.

Mesothelioma ndi mtundu wina wa khansa yamapapu. Nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi kukhudzana kwa asibesito. Zotupa za carcinoid zimayamba m'maselo opanga ma neuroendocrine.

Zotupa m'mapapu zimatha kukula kwambiri musanaone zizindikiro. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimatsanzira chimfine kapena zina zomwe zimafala, chifukwa chake anthu ambiri samapita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Ndicho chifukwa chimodzi chomwe khansa ya m'mapapo imapezeka kawirikawiri kumayambiriro.

Phunzirani momwe mtundu wa khansa yamapapo ungakhudzire kuchuluka kwakupulumuka »

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa yamapapu ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo komanso khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yamapapo imafanana.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimatha kuphatikiza:

• kukhazikika kapena kukulira kutsokomola
• kutsokomola koipa kapena magazi
• kupweteka pachifuwa komwe kumawonjezeka mukamapuma kwambiri, kuseka, kapena kutsokomola
• ukali
• kupuma movutikira
• kupuma
• kufooka ndi kutopa
• kuchepa kwa njala ndi kuonda

Muthanso kukhala ndi matenda opuma pafupipafupi monga chibayo kapena bronchitis.

Pamene khansa imafalikira, zizindikiro zowonjezera zimadalira komwe zimatulukira zotupa zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mu:

• Zilonda zam'mimba: zotupa, makamaka m'khosi kapena kolala
• mafupa: kupweteka kwa mafupa, makamaka kumbuyo, nthiti, kapena chiuno
• ubongo kapena msana: kupweteka mutu, chizungulire, kulimbitsa thupi, kapena kufooka kwa mikono kapena miyendo
• chiwindi: chikasu chachikopa ndi maso (jaundice)

Zotupa pamwamba pamapapu zimatha kukhudza mitsempha ya nkhope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khungu limodzi, mwana wasukulu, kapena kusowa thukuta mbali imodzi ya nkhope. Pamodzi, zizindikirazi zimatchedwa Horner syndrome. Zitha kupanganso kupweteka m'mapewa.

Zotupa zimatha kupindika pamitsempha yayikulu yomwe imatumiza magazi pakati pamutu, mikono, ndi mtima. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa kutupa kwa nkhope, khosi, chifuwa chapamwamba, ndi mikono.

Khansara yamapapo nthawi zina imapanga chinthu chofanana ndi mahomoni, kuchititsa zizindikilo zingapo zotchedwa paraneoplastic syndrome, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

• kufooka kwa minofu
• nseru
• kusanza
• posungira madzimadzi
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• shuga wambiri wamagazi
• chisokonezo
• kugwidwa
• chikomokere

Dziwani zambiri za zizindikiro za khansa yamapapu »

Kodi chimayambitsa khansa yamapapo ndi yotani?

Aliyense atha kudwala khansa yamapapo, koma 90 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yam'mapapo amachokera ku kusuta.

Kuyambira nthawi yomwe mumalowetsa utsi m'mapapu anu, imayamba kuwononga minofu yanu yamapapu. Mapapu amatha kukonza zowonongekazo, koma kupitiriza kukoka utsi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuti mapapu apitilize kukonza.

Maselo akawonongeka, amayamba kuchita zinthu mosazolowereka, kuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi khansa yamapapo. Khansa ya m'mapapo yaying'ono nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndikusuta kwambiri. Mukasiya kusuta, mumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa yamapapo pakapita nthawi.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa radon, gasi wokhalapo mwachilengedwe, ndiye chifukwa chachiwiri, chifukwa cha American Lung Association.

Radoni amalowa nyumba kudzera m'ming'alu yaying'ono pamaziko. Osuta omwe amakhalanso pa radon amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa yamapapo.

Kupuma mu zinthu zina zoopsa, makamaka kwa nthawi yayitali, kumayambitsanso khansa yam'mapapo. Mtundu wa khansa yamapapu yotchedwa mesothelioma nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha asbestosi.

Zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse khansa yamapapo ndi:

• arsenic
• cadmium
• chromium
• faifi tambala
• mankhwala ena mafuta
• uranium

Kusintha kwamtundu wamtundu wanu kumatha kukupangitsani kukhala ndi khansa yam'mapapo, makamaka ngati mumasuta kapena muli ndi ziweto zina.

Nthawi zina, palibe chifukwa chodziwikiratu cha khansa yamapapo.

Dziwani zambiri za zomwe zimayambitsa khansa yamapapo »

Magawo a khansa yamapapo

Magawo a khansa amafotokoza kutalika kwa khansara ndikuthandizira kuwongolera mankhwala.

Mwayi wothandizidwa bwino kapena wochiritsidwa umakhala waukulu kwambiri khansa ya m'mapapo ikapezeka ndikuchiritsidwa koyambirira, isanafalikire. Chifukwa chakuti khansa yam'mapapo siyimayambitsa zizindikiritso zoyambirira, nthawi zambiri matendawa amabwera atafalikira.

Khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono ili ndi magawo anayi akuluakulu:

• Gawo 1: Khansa imapezeka m'mapapu, koma siinafalikire kunja kwa mapapo.
• Gawo 2: Khansa imapezeka m'mapapo ndi ma lymph node apafupi.
• Gawo 3: Khansa ili m'mapapo ndi ma lymph node mkati mwa chifuwa.
• Gawo 3A: Khansa imapezeka mu ma lymph node, koma mbali yomweyo ya chifuwa pomwe khansa idayamba kukula.
• Gawo 3B: Khansara yafalikira ku ma lymph node mbali inayo ya chifuwa kapena ma lymph node pamwamba pa kolala.
• Gawo 4: Khansara yafalikira m'mapapu onse, kudera lozungulira mapapo, kapena kumadera akutali.

Khansa ya m'mapapo yaying'ono (SCLC) ili ndi magawo awiri akulu. Pang'ono pang'ono, khansa imapezeka m'mapapu amodzi kapena ma lymph node pafupi mbali imodzi ya chifuwa.

Kukula kwakukulu kumatanthauza kuti khansa yafalikira:

• m'mapapo amodzi
• kupita kumapapu otsutsana
• ku ma lymph mbali mbali inayo
• kutuluka m'mapapo
• kumafupa
• ku ziwalo zakutali

Panthawi yodziwika, anthu awiri pa atatu aliwonse omwe ali ndi SCLC amakhala atayamba kale.

Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kupweteka kwa msana

Ululu wammbuyo umafala kwambiri pakati pa anthu ambiri. Ndizotheka kukhala ndi khansa yam'mapapo komanso kupweteka kwakumbuyo kosagwirizana. Anthu ambiri omwe amamva kupweteka msana alibe khansa yamapapo.

Sikuti aliyense amene ali ndi khansa yamapapo amamva kupweteka kwakumbuyo, koma ambiri amatero. Kwa anthu ena, kupweteka kwakumbuyo kumakhala chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa yamapapu.

Ululu wammbuyo ukhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwa zotupa zazikulu zomwe zimakula m'mapapu. Zingatanthauzenso kuti khansara yafalikira kumsana kapena nthiti. Pamene ikukula, chotupa cha khansa chimatha kupsinjika kwa msana.

Izi zitha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kuchititsa:

• kufooka kwa manja ndi miyendo
• dzanzi kapena kutayika kwa chidwi m'miyendo ndi m'mapazi
• kwamikodzo ndi matumbo osadziletsa
• kusokonezedwa ndi magazi a msana

Popanda chithandizo, kupweteka kwakumbuyo komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi khansa kukupitilirabe kukulira. Ululu wammbuyo ukhoza kusintha ngati mankhwala monga opaleshoni, radiation, kapena chemotherapy atha kuchotsa kapena kuchepetsa chotupacho.

Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala wanu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito corticosteroids kapena kukupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa ululu monga acetaminophen ndi nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Kuti mumve kuwawa kwambiri, pamafunika ma opioid monga morphine kapena oxycodone.

Zowopsa za khansa yamapapo

Choopsa chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mapapo ndikusuta. Izi zikuphatikizapo ndudu, ndudu, ndi mapaipi. Fodya ali ndi masauzande ambiri a poizoni.

Malinga ndi omwe amasuta ndudu, ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga khansa yam'mapapo nthawi 15 kapena 30 kuposa osasuta. Mukasuta nthawi yayitali, pamakhala mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi khansa yamapapo. Kusiya kusuta kumachepetsa chiopsezo.

Kupuma utsi wa fodya amene munthu wina akusuta ndi koopsa. Chaka chilichonse ku United States, anthu pafupifupi 7,300 omwe sanasutepo amafa ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yoyambitsidwa ndi utsi wa fodya.

Kuwonetsedwa ku radon, mpweya womwe umachitika mwachilengedwe, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa yamapapo. Radoni imakwera pansi, ikulowa nyumba kudzera m'ming'alu yaying'ono. Ndicho chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo mwa osasuta. Kuyesedwa kwapakhomo kosavuta kumatha kukuwuzani ngati mulingo wa radon m'nyumba mwanu ndiwowopsa.

Chiwopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa yam'mapapo chimakhala chachikulu ngati mungakumane ndi zinthu zapoizoni monga asbestos kapena utsi wa dizilo kuntchito.

Zina mwaziwopsezo ndizo:

• mbiri ya banja la khansa yamapapo
• mbiri yaumwini ya khansa yamapapo, makamaka ngati mumasuta
• mankhwala a poizoni am'mbuyomu pachifuwa

Dziwani zambiri pazomwe zingayambitse khansa yamapapo »

Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kusuta

Sikuti onse osuta fodya amakhala ndi khansa yamapapo, ndipo si onse omwe ali ndi khansa yamapapo omwe amasuta. Koma palibe kukayika kuti kusuta ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu, kumayambitsa khansa yam'mapapo.

Kuphatikiza pa ndudu, kusuta ndudu ndi chitoliro kumalumikizananso ndi khansa yamapapo. Mukamasuta kwambiri komanso mukasuta fodya, mwayi wanu wokula khansa yam'mapapo umakulanso.

Simuyenera kukhala wosuta kuti mukhudzidwe.

Kupuma utsi wa anthu ena kumawonjezera ngozi ya khansa ya m'mapapo. Malingana ndi utsi, utsi wa fodya ndi amene amachititsa anthu pafupifupi 7,300 kufa khansa ya m'mapapo chaka chilichonse ku United States.

Fodya amakhala ndi mankhwala opitilira 7,000, ndipo osachepera 70 amadziwika kuti amayambitsa khansa.

Mukapuma utsi wa fodya, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa mwachindunji m'mapapu anu, pomwe amayamba kuwononga nthawi yomweyo.

Mapapo amatha kukonza kuwonongeka koyambirira, koma kupitiriza kwa minofu yamapapu kumakhala kovuta kuyendetsa. Ndipamene maselo owonongeka amatha kusintha ndikuwonjezeka.

Mankhwala omwe mumatulutsa amalowanso m'magazi anu ndipo amatengedwa mthupi lanu lonse, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha mitundu ina ya khansa.

Osuta fodya akadali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi khansa yamapapo, koma kusiya kungachepetse ngoziyo. Pasanathe zaka 10 kusiya, chiopsezo chofa ndi khansa yamapapu chimatsika ndi theka.

Dziwani zambiri pazomwe zimayambitsa khansa yamapapu »

Kuzindikira khansa yamapapu

Mukayesedwa, dokotala wanu adzakuwuzani momwe mungakonzekerere mayeso ena, monga:

• Kuyesa mayeso: Misa yachilendo imatha kuwonedwa pa X-ray, MRI, CT, ndi PET. Zithunzi izi zimapanga tsatanetsatane ndikupeza zotupa zing'onozing'ono.
• Sputum cytology: Ngati mumatulutsa phlegm mukatsokomola, kuyezetsa pang'ono kumatha kudziwa ngati ma cell a khansa alipo.

Biopsy imatha kudziwa ngati zotupa zili ndi khansa. Zitsanzo za minofu zitha kupezeka ndi:

• Bronchoscopy: Mukakhala pansi pa sedation, chubu chowunikira chimadutsa pammero panu ndi m'mapapu anu, kuti mupimitse kuyang'anitsitsa.
• Mediastinoscopy: Dokotala amatumbula pansi pa khosi. Chida chowunikira chimayikidwa ndipo zida zogwiritsira ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenga zitsanzo kuchokera ku ma lymph node. Nthawi zambiri amachitikira kuchipatala pansi pa anesthesia wamba.
• Singano: Pogwiritsa ntchito kuyerekezera kwamalingaliro monga chitsogozo, singano imayikidwa kupyola khoma lachifuwa ndi minyewa yam'mapapo yokayikitsa. Nthenda ya singano ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuyesa ma lymph node.

Zitsanzo zamatenda zimatumizidwa kwa wodwalayo kuti akawunikenso. Ngati zotsatira zake zili zabwino chifukwa cha khansa, kuyesa kwina, monga kuyesa fupa, kungathandize kudziwa ngati khansara yafalikira ndikuthandizira pakuyenda.

Pachiyeso ichi, mudzabayidwa ndi mankhwala a radioactive. Madera osadziwika a mafupa adzawunikiridwa pazithunzizo. Kujambula kwa MRI, CT, ndi PET kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga masitepe.

Dziwani zambiri za momwe khansa yamapapo imapezekera »

Chithandizo cha khansa yamapapo

Kawirikawiri ndibwino kuti mupeze lingaliro lina musanayambe mankhwala. Dokotala wanu akhoza kuthandizira kuti izi zichitike. Ngati mutapezeka kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, chisamaliro chanu chitha kuyang'aniridwa ndi gulu la madokotala omwe atha kukhala:

• dokotalayo yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito chifuwa ndi mapapo (opaleshoni ya thoracic)
• katswiri wamapapu (pulmonologist)
• oncologist wazamankhwala
• oncologist wa radiation

Kambiranani zosankha zanu zonse musanapange chisankho. Madokotala anu adzagwirizanitsa chisamaliro ndikudziwitsana wina ndi mnzake.

Chithandizo cha khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo (NSCLC) imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Zimadalira tsatanetsatane wa thanzi lanu.

Gawo 1 NSCLC: Kuchita opaleshoni kuti muchotse gawo lina m'mapapo kungakhale zonse zomwe mukufuna. Chemotherapy ingalimbikitsidwenso, makamaka ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chobwereranso.

Gawo 2 NSCLC: Mungafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti muchotse gawo limodzi kapena mapapu anu onse. Chemotherapy nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa.

Gawo 3 NSCLC: Mungafune kuphatikiza mankhwala a chemotherapy, opaleshoni, ndi radiation.

Gawo 4 NSCLC ndizovuta kuchiza. Zosankha zimaphatikizapo opaleshoni, radiation, chemotherapy, chithandizo chamankhwala, ndi immunotherapy.

Zosankha za khansa yaying'ono yamapapo (NSCLC) imaphatikizaponso opaleshoni, chemotherapy, ndi radiation radiation. Nthaŵi zambiri, khansara idzakhala yopambana kwambiri kuti ichite opaleshoni.

Mayesero azachipatala amapereka mwayi wopeza chithandizo chatsopano. Funsani dokotala ngati mukuyenera kukayezetsa.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansa yamapapo yam'mapapo amasankha kuti asapitilize chithandizo. Muthabe kusankha chithandizo chazithandizo, chomwe chimangoganizira zochizira khansa osati khansa yomwe.

Dziwani zambiri za njira zochiritsira khansa yamapapu »

Zithandizo zapakhomo zaku khansa yamapapu

Zithandizo zapakhomo ndi mankhwala azitsamba sizingachiritse khansa. Koma zithandizo zina zapakhomo zitha kuthandiza kuthana ndi zina mwazomwe zimakhudzana ndi khansa yam'mapapo ndi zoyipa zamankhwala.

Funsani dokotala ngati mukuyenera kumwa zowonjezera zowonjezera ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi ziti. Zitsamba zina, zopangira mbewu, ndi zithandizo zina zapakhomo zitha kusokoneza chithandizo ndikuwononga thanzi lanu. Onetsetsani kuti mukukambirana ndi azachipatala onse othandizira kuti mutsimikizire kuti ali otetezeka kwa inu.

Zosankha zingaphatikizepo:

• Kusisita: Kutikita kumatha kuthandizira kuthetsa ululu komanso nkhawa. Othandizira kutikita minofu amaphunzitsidwa kugwira ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi khansa.
• Kutema mphini: Pochitidwa ndi dokotala wophunzitsidwa bwino, kutema mphini kumatha kuchepetsa ululu, nseru, ndi kusanza. Koma sikuli kotetezeka ngati muli ndi kuchuluka kwamagazi ochepa kapena kumwa magazi ochepa.
• Kusinkhasinkha: Kupumula ndi kusinkhasinkha kumatha kuchepetsa kupsinjika ndikuwongolera moyo wonse wa odwala khansa.
• Matenda: Imakuthandizani kupumula ndipo imatha kuthandizira kunyoza, kupweteka, komanso kuda nkhawa.
• YogaKuphatikiza njira zopumira, kusinkhasinkha, ndi kutambasula, yoga ikhoza kukuthandizani kuti muzimva bwino ndikukhala mokwanira.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansa amatembenukira ku mafuta a khansa. Itha kulowetsedwa mu mafuta ophikira kuti izinyamula mkamwa mwanu kapena kusakaniza ndi chakudya. Kapena nthunzi zimatha kutulutsa mpweya. Izi zitha kuchepetsa mseru ndi kusanza ndikupangitsa kuti mukhale ndi chilakolako chofuna kudya. Maphunziro aanthu akusowa ndipo malamulo ogwiritsa ntchito mafuta a cannabis amasiyana malinga ndi mayiko.

Malangizo azakudya kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yamapapo

Palibe zakudya makamaka za khansa ya m'mapapo. Ndikofunika kupeza zofunikira zonse zomwe thupi lanu limafunikira.

Ngati mulibe mavitamini kapena mchere winawake, dokotala wanu akhoza kukulangizani zakudya zomwe zingawapatse. Apo ayi, mufunika chakudya chowonjezera. Musatenge zowonjezera popanda kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu chifukwa ena amatha kusokoneza chithandizo.

Nawa maupangiri ochepa azakudya:

• Idyani nthawi iliyonse mukakhala ndi njala.
• Ngati mulibe chilakolako chachikulu, yesetsani kudya zakudya zochepa tsiku lonse.
• Ngati mukufuna kunenepa, onjezerani ndi shuga wochepa, zakudya zamafuta ambiri ndi zakumwa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito timbewu tonunkhira ndi timbewu tating'onoting'ono kuti muchepetse dongosolo lanu logaya chakudya.
• Ngati m'mimba mwanu mwakwiya msanga kapena muli ndi zilonda mkamwa, pewani zonunkhira ndikumamatira kuzakudya zosasangalatsa.
• Ngati kudzimbidwa ndi vuto, onjezerani zakudya zowonjezera kwambiri.

Mukamapita kuchipatala, kulekerera kwanu zakudya zina kumatha kusintha. Momwemonso zingachitike ndi zovuta zanu komanso zosowa zanu pazakudya. Ndikofunika kukambirana zaumoyo ndi dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri. Muthanso kufunsa kuti mutumizidwe kwa katswiri wazakudya kapena katswiri wazakudya.

Palibe zakudya zomwe zimadziwika kuti zitha kuchiza khansa, koma zakudya zopatsa thanzi zingakuthandizeni kulimbana ndi zovuta ndikukhala bwino.

Umu ndi momwe mungakwaniritsire zosowa zanu ngati muli ndi khansa yamapapo »

Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo

Khansara ikalowa m'malo am'magazi komanso m'magazi, imatha kufalikira kulikonse m'thupi. Maganizo ake amakhala abwinoko pomwe mankhwala amayamba khansa isanatuluke kunja kwamapapu.

Zina mwazinthu zimaphatikizapo zaka, thanzi lathunthu, komanso momwe mumayankhira kuchipatala. Chifukwa chakuti zizindikiro zoyambirira zimatha kunyalanyazidwa, khansa yam'mapapo imapezeka pambuyo pake.

Ziwerengero za opulumuka ndi ziwerengero zina zimapereka chithunzi chachikulu cha zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo, komabe. Dokotala wanu ndiye angathe kukambirana za momwe mukuonera.

Ziwerengero zamakono zopulumuka sizinena nkhani yonse. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mankhwala atsopano avomerezedwa ku khansa ya kansa yamapapo yam'magazi 4 (NSCLC). Anthu ena amakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe amawonera ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe.

Otsatirawa akuyerekezera zaka zisanu zakupulumuka kwa NSCLC ndi gawo la SEER:

• Kumalo: 60 peresenti
• Zachigawo: 33 peresenti
• Kutali: 6 peresenti
• Magawo onse a SEER: 23%

Khansa ya m'mapapo yaying'ono (SCLC) ndiyokwiyira kwambiri. Pazigawo zochepa za SCLC, kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu ndi. Kupulumuka kwapakatikati ndi miyezi 16 mpaka 24. Kupulumuka kwapakatikati kwa gawo lalikulu la SCLC ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena 12.

Kupulumuka kwa matenda kwa nthawi yayitali ndikosowa. Popanda chithandizo, kupulumuka kwapakati pakudziwika kwa SCLC ndi miyezi iwiri kapena inayi yokha.

Kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu zapakati pa mesothelioma, mtundu wa khansa womwe umayambitsidwa ndi asbestosi, ndi 5 mpaka 10%.

Dziwani zambiri zakudziwikiratu kwa khansa yaing'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo »

Zoona ndi ziwerengero za khansara yamapapo

Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi khansa yofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi American Lung Association, panali milandu yatsopano 2.1 miliyoni mu 2018, komanso anthu 1.8 miliyoni omwe adafa ndi khansa yamapapo.

Mtundu wodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo (NSCLC), yowerengera 80 mpaka 85% ya milandu yonse, malinga ndi Lung Cancer Alliance.

Khansa ya m'mapapo yaying'ono (SCLC) imayimira pafupifupi 15 mpaka 20 peresenti ya khansa yamapapu. Panthawi yodziwika, anthu awiri pa atatu aliwonse omwe ali ndi SCLC amakhala atayamba kale.

Aliyense atha kudwala khansa yam'mapapo, koma kusuta kapena kukoka utsi wa fodya kumalumikizidwa ndi pafupifupi 90% ya milandu ya khansa yamapapo. Malinga ndi omwe amasuta ndudu, ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga khansa yam'mapapo nthawi 15 kapena 30 kuposa osasuta.

Ku United States, chaka chilichonse anthu pafupifupi 7,300 amene sanasute fodya amafa ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yoyambitsidwa ndi utsi wa fodya.

Osuta fodya akadali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi khansa yamapapo, koma kusiya kumatha kuchepetsa ngoziyo. Pasanathe zaka 10 kusiya, chiopsezo chofa ndi khansa yamapapo.

Fodya amakhala ndi mankhwala opitilira 7,000. Osachepera 70 amadziwika ndi ma carcinogens.

Malinga ndi US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), radon ndi amene amachititsa anthu pafupifupi 21,000 kufa khansa yamapapu chaka chilichonse ku United States. Pafupifupi 2,900 mwa imfayi imachitika pakati pa anthu omwe sanasutebe.

Anthu akuda ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga ndikufa ndi khansa yamapapo kuposa mitundu ina komanso mafuko ena.