Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Matenda a M'mapapo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
• Zimayambitsa ndi chiyani?
• Histoplasmosis
• Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)
• Granulomatosis ndi polyangiitis (GPA)
• Matenda a nyamakazi (RA)
• Sarcoidosis
• Kodi amapezeka bwanji?
• Amachizidwa bwanji?
• Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Chidule

Nthawi zina minofu m'chiwalo imawotcha - nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha matenda - magulu am'magulu otchedwa histiocytes masango kuti apange timagulu tating'onoting'ono. Masango ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi nyemba amatchedwa granulomas.

Ma Granulomas amatha kupanga kulikonse m'thupi lanu koma nthawi zambiri amakula mu:

• khungu
• ma lymph node
• mapapo

Ma granulomas akayamba kupanga, amakhala ofewa.Popita nthawi, amatha kuumitsa ndikuwerengedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti calcium ikupanga ma granulomas. Mavitamini a calcium amachititsa kuti mitundu yamapapu ya m'mapapo iwoneke mosavuta pazoyesa kujambula, monga chifuwa cha X-rays kapena CT scan.

Pa X-ray pachifuwa, ma granulomas ena am'mapapo amatha kuwoneka ngati zotupa zomwe zingayambitse khansa. Komabe, ma granulomas alibe khansa ndipo nthawi zambiri samayambitsa zisonyezo kapena amafunikira chithandizo chilichonse.

Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zisonyezo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi ma granulomas am'mapapo. Komabe, ma granulomas amapangidwa chifukwa cha kupuma, monga sarcoidosis kapena histoplasmosis, chifukwa chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli chimakhala ndi zizindikilo. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• chifuwa chomwe sichitha
• kupuma movutikira
• kupweteka pachifuwa
• malungo kapena kuzizira

Zimayambitsa ndi chiyani?

Zinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi ma granulomas am'mapapo zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: matenda opatsirana ndi kutupa.

Zina mwa matendawa ndi awa:

Histoplasmosis

Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa ma granulomas am'mapapo ndi mtundu wa matenda amfungus omwe amadziwika kuti histoplasmosis. Mutha kukhala ndi histoplasmosis mwa kupumira mu nthata za bowa zomwe zimapezeka mu ndowe za mbalame ndi mileme.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)

NTM, yomwe imapezeka mwachilengedwe m'madzi ndi m'nthaka, ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimafalitsa matenda a bakiteriya omwe amatsogolera m'mapapo granulomas.

Zina zopanda matenda, zotupa zimaphatikizapo:

Granulomatosis ndi polyangiitis (GPA)

GPA ndikutupa kosowa koma kowopsa kwamitsempha yamagazi m'mphuno, mmero, m'mapapo, ndi impso. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino chifukwa chake vutoli limayamba, ngakhale likuwoneka kuti ndi chitetezo chamthupi chachitetezo chazida.

Matenda a nyamakazi (RA)

RA ndichinthu china chosazolowereka cha chitetezo cha mthupi chomwe chimayambitsa kutupa. RA imakhudza kwambiri mapfundo anu koma imatha kuyambitsa ma granulomas am'mapapu, omwe amatchedwanso maung'onoting'ono am'mapapo kapena mapapu. Ma granulomas amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala osavulaza, koma pamakhala chiopsezo chochepa kuti mutu wa nyamakazi ungaphulike ndikuvulaza mapapu anu.

Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis ndimatenda omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza mapapu anu ndi ma lymph node. Zikuwoneka kuti zimayambitsidwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi, ngakhale ofufuza sanadziwe chomwe chimayambitsa yankho ili. Zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi matenda a bakiteriya kapena ma virus, koma palibe umboni wowoneka bwino wotsimikizira izi.

Ma granulomas am'mapapo okhudzana ndi sarcoidosis atha kukhala opanda vuto, koma ena angakhudze mapapu anu.

Kodi amapezeka bwanji?

Chifukwa chakuti ndi ang'onoang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri samayambitsa zizindikiro, ma granulomas amapezeka mwangozi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukukhala ndi X-ray pachifuwa kapena CT scan chifukwa cha vuto la kupuma, dokotala wanu atha kupeza timadontho tating'ono m'mapapu anu omwe amakhala ma granulomas. Ngati ziwerengedwa, zimakhala zosavuta kuziwona pa X-ray.

Koyamba, ma granulomas amafanana ndi zotupa za khansa. Kujambula kwa CT kumatha kuzindikira ma tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndikupereka mawonekedwe atsatanetsatane.

Matenda a khansa yam'mapapo amakhala opunduka mosiyanasiyana komanso okulirapo kuposa ma benulomas oopsa, omwe amakhala mainchesi 8 mpaka 10 m'mimba mwake. Mitsempha yambiri m'mapapu anu imakhalanso ndi zotupa za khansa.

Ngati dokotala akuwona chomwe chikuwoneka ngati granuloma yaying'ono komanso yopanda vuto pa X-ray kapena CT scan, amatha kuyiyang'anira kwakanthawi, kujambula zithunzi zina kwakanthawi kuti awone ngati ikukula.

Granuloma yayikulu imatha kuyesedwa kwakanthawi pogwiritsa ntchito sikani ya positron emission tomography (PET). Kulingalira kotereku kumagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa mankhwala owulutsa poizoni kuti azindikire malo otupa kapena oyipa.

Dokotala wanu amathanso kutenga biopsy ya lung granuloma kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi khansa. Chidziwitso chimaphatikizapo kuchotsa kachidutswa kakang'ono kokayikitsa ndi singano yopyapyala kapena bronchoscope, chubu chochepa kwambiri cholowa pakhosi panu ndi m'mapapu anu. Zoyesazo zimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito microscope.

Amachizidwa bwanji?

Ma granulomas am'mapapo samasowa chithandizo, makamaka ngati mulibe zisonyezo.

Chifukwa ma granulomas nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa cha matenda omwe amapezeka, chithandizo cha vutoli ndikofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a bakiteriya m'mapapu anu omwe amayambitsa kukula kwa granuloma ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki. Matenda otupa, monga sarcoidosis, amatha kuthandizidwa ndi corticosteroids kapena mankhwala ena oletsa kutupa.

Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Mukakhala ndi chifukwa choyambitsa ma granulomas am'mapapo, simungakhale ndi mawonekedwe owonjezera m'mapapu anu. Zina, monga sarcoidosis, zilibe mankhwala, koma zimatha kuyendetsedwa bwino. Ngakhale mutha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zotupa, ndizotheka kuti ma granulomas ambiri akhoza kupanga.

Ma granulomas am'mapapo ndi zophuka zina m'mapapu anu zimadziwika nthawi zambiri dokotala akamafuna mavuto ena opuma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kupereka malipoti monga kutsokomola, kupuma pang'ono, komanso kupweteka pachifuwa mwachangu kwa dokotala wanu. Mukazindikira kuti muli ndi zizindikilo ndikuzindikiritsidwa, posachedwa mungalandire chithandizo chothandiza.