Mastectomy: ndi chiyani, ikamawonetsedwa komanso mitundu yayikulu

Zamkati

• Pamene opaleshoni ikuwonetsedwa
• Mitundu yayikulu ya opaleshoni
• 1. Matenda azimayi ochepa
• 2. Chiwerewere chonse kapena chosavuta
• 3. Matenda otentha kwambiri
• 4. Matenda oteteza kumatenda
• 5. Mitundu ina ya mastectomy
• Kodi postoperative ikuyenda bwanji?
• Momwe zimakhalira pakukonzanso mawere

Mastectomy ndi njira yochotsera bere limodzi kapena onse awiri, omwe, nthawi zambiri, amawonetsedwa kwa anthu omwe amapezeka ndi khansa, ndipo amatha kukhala opanda tsankho, pokhapokha mbali imodzi ya minyewa itachotsedwa, yathunthu, pamene bere liri amachotsedwa kwathunthu kapenanso mopambanitsa pamene, kuwonjezera pa bere, minofu ndi minyewa yapafupi yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndi chotupacho imachotsedwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, mastectomy itha kukhala yodzitchinjiriza, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha azimayi omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere, kapena itha kukhala ndi cholinga chokongoletsa, ngati atachitidwa opaleshoni ndi cholinga chachimuna, mwachitsanzo.

Pamene opaleshoni ikuwonetsedwa

Mastectomy itha kuchitidwa ngati:

• Amayi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya m'mawere (mastectomy yodzitetezera);
• Ndikofunika kuthandizira chithandizo cha radiotherapy ndi chemotherapy cha khansa ya m'mawere;
• Wina akhoza kuteteza khansa ya m'mawere m'mawere ena, pomwe mayi amakhala ndi khansa pachifuwa chimodzi;
• Mkazi akuwonetsa carcinoma mu situ, kapena kupezeka, komwe kumapezeka koyambirira kupewa matenda;
• Pali chikhumbo chofuna kuchotsa mawere, monga masculinizing mastectomy.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mayiyu azikambirana ndi azachipatala chaka chilichonse kuti amuwunikenso, kapena nthawi zonse pakawonekere zomwe zingasonyeze kupezeka kwa chotupa cha m'mawere, monga kupezeka kwa chotupa, kufiira kapena kupezeka kwachinsinsi m'mabere. Phunzirani kuzindikira zizindikiro zazikulu za khansa ya m'mawere.

Mitundu yayikulu ya opaleshoni

Pa cholinga chilichonse chomwe chikufunika kuti chichitike ndikachotsa bere, mtundu wa opareshoni ukhoza kuchitidwa, womwe umasankhidwa ndi katswiri wamaphunziro kapena wopanga pulasitiki, malinga ndi nkhani iliyonse. Mitundu yayikulu ndi iyi:

1. Matenda azimayi ochepa

Amatchedwanso quadrantectomy kapena sectorectomy, ndi opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa kapena chotupa chosaopsa, ndi gawo la minofu yoyandikana nayo, osafunikira kuchotseratu bere.

Pochita opaleshoniyi, ma lymph node ena omwe ali pafupi ndi bere amatha kuchotsedwa kapena kuchotsedwa, kuti apewe chiopsezo chobwerera.

2. Chiwerewere chonse kapena chosavuta

Mimba yonse, matumbo a mammary amachotsedwa kwathunthu, kuwonjezera pa khungu, areola ndi nsonga zamabele. Zimasonyezedwa bwino ngati pali chotupa chaching'ono, chomwe chimapezeka koyambirira komanso koyenera, popanda chiopsezo chofalikira kumadera oyandikana nawo.

Pankhaniyi, ndizothekanso kuchotsa kapena kusamwa kwa m'khwapa, kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo chobwerera kapena kufalikira.

3. Matenda otentha kwambiri

Mukulira kwa mastectomy, kuphatikiza pakuchotsa bere lonse, minofu yomwe ili pansi pake ndi ganglia m'dera lamakhoma amachotsedwanso, kuwonetsedwa ngati ali ndi khansa yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chofalitsa.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya opaleshoniyi, yotchedwa Patey's modified radical mastectomy, momwe minofu yayikulu ya pectoral imasungidwa, kapena kusinthidwa kwamphamvu kwa Madden, pomwe minofu yayikulu ndi yaying'ono yamatenda imasungidwa.

4. Matenda oteteza kumatenda

Matenda opewera matendawa amachitidwa kuti apewe kukula kwa khansa, ndipo imangowonetsedwa kwa azimayi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa, monga omwe ali ndi mbiri yofunikira ya banja kapena omwe ali ndi zosintha zamtundu zomwe zingayambitse khansa, yotchedwa BRCA1 ndi BRCA2 . Dziwani nthawi yoyenera kuyezetsa khansa ya m'mawere.

Kuchita opaleshonoku kumachitidwa mofananamo ndi ma mastectomies athunthu kapena owopsa, kuchotsedwa m'mawere onse, ganglia yapafupi ndipo, nthawi zina, minofu yoyandikana nayo. Nthawi zambiri, opaleshoni yamayiko awiri imachitika, chifukwa pazochitikazi, chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa chimafanana m'mawere onse awiri.

5. Mitundu ina ya mastectomy

Matenda achimuna kapena achimuna ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni yapulasitiki yochitidwa ndi cholinga chopatsa mawonekedwe achimuna pachifuwa cha mkazi. Chifukwa chake, mu opaleshoniyi, bere limachotsedwa, lomwe lingakhale ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, zosankhidwa ndi dotolo wa pulasitiki, kutengera kukula ndi mtundu wa mabere a mayi aliyense.

Mastectomy itha kuchitidwanso ngati muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere mwa amuna, yomwe imachitika kawirikawiri, ndipo maopaleshoni amachitidwa chimodzimodzi ndi azimayi, ngakhale amuna amakhala ndi zoperewera zochepa.

Palinso maopareshoni azodzikongoletsa m'mawere omwe amadziwika kuti mammoplasty, omwe atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa, kuwonjezera kapena kukonza mawonekedwe a mabere. Pezani zomwe maopareshoni apulasitiki apachifuwa ali.

Kodi postoperative ikuyenda bwanji?

Opaleshoni yochotsa mabere ndi opaleshoni yomwe imatha pafupifupi mphindi 60 mpaka 90, ndimatenda a msana kapena ochititsa dzanzi.

Kubwezeretsa pambuyo pochita izi ndikofulumira, ndipo kumatha kutenga masiku 1 mpaka 2 ogonekedwa mchipatala, kutengera mtundu wa opareshoni komanso ngati anali amgwirizano kapena osagwirizana.

Kukhetsa kumatha kusiyidwa, kotero kuti katulutsidwe kamene kamapangidwa m'masiku oyamba pambuyo poti njirayo ichotsedwe, yomwe imayenera kulumikizidwa ndikukhala ndi zovala kuti zisakokedwe mwangozi. Kukhetsa kumeneku kuyenera kutsanulidwa pafupifupi kawiri patsiku, ndikulemba kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatsanulidwa kukadziwitsa adotolo paulendo wobwereza.

Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro ena omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa munthawi ya postoperative ndi awa:

• Tengani mankhwala opha ululu kapena odana ndi zotupa, operekedwa ndi dokotala, ngati mukumva kuwawa;
• Pitani kuulendo wobwereza, nthawi zambiri masiku 7 mpaka 10 atachitika;
• Osatengera kulemera, kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi panthawiyi kapena mpaka mutachotsedwa kuchipatala;
• Lumikizanani ndi dokotala mukakhala ndi malungo, kupweteka kwambiri, kufiira kapena kutupa pamalo opareshoni kapena padzanja logwiridwa;

Pochita maopaleshoni ndi kuchotsa ma lymph node, kufalikira kwa mkono womwewo kumatha kusokonekera, ndipo kumakhala kosavuta, kofunika kutetezedwa bwino kuvulala, kuwotcha komanso kupewa kuyesetsa kwambiri.

Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, nkofunikirabe kuti mankhwalawa apitilize ndi physiotherapy, zomwe zingathandize kukonza kayendetsedwe ka mikono, kufalitsa ndi kuchepetsa mgwirizano womwe umayambitsidwa ndi machiritso. Onani zambiri zakubwezeretsa mukachotsa bere.

Momwe zimakhalira pakukonzanso mawere

Pambuyo pochita mtundu uliwonse wamatenda, opaleshoni yokonzanso mawere itha kukhala yofunikira kuti mubwezeretse mawonekedwe mabere. Zitha kuchitika atangochita izi kapena pang'ono pang'ono, ndikukonza pang'onopang'ono m'derali, koma, nthawi zambiri khansa, pamafunika kudikirira nthawi kuti muchiritsidwe kwathunthu kapena pambuyo pa mayeso kuti mutsimikizire kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa maselo oyipa ..

Onani zambiri zamomwe kumangidwiranso kwa mawere.