Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Nkhundu

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zakumwa
• Zomwe zimayambitsa
• Kodi chikuku chikuwuluka?
• Kodi chikuku ndi chopatsirana?
• Kuzindikira chikuku
• Chithandizo cha chikuku
• Zithunzi
• Zizindikiro kwa akulu
• Zizindikiro m'makanda
• Makulitsidwe nthawi chikuku
• Mitundu ya chikuku
• Chikuku motsutsana ndi rubella
• Kupewa kachilombo
• Katemera
• Njira zina zopewera
• Chikuku pa nthawi yoyembekezera
• Matenda a Chikuku

Chikuku, kapena rubeola, ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kamene kamayambira m'mapweya. Imakhalabe chifukwa chachikulu chakufa padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale kuli katemera wotetezeka, wogwira mtima.

Panali anthu pafupifupi 110,000 omwe anamwalira padziko lonse lapansi okhudzana ndi chikuku mu 2017, ambiri aiwo anali ana osakwana zaka 5, malinga ndi. Milandu ya chikuku yakhala ikuwonjezeka ku United States mzaka zaposachedwa.

Phunzirani zambiri za zizindikiro za chikuku, momwe zimafalira, komanso momwe zingapewere.

Zizindikiro zakumwa

Zizindikiro za chikuku nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuonekera pakadutsa masiku 10 kapena 12 mutadwala kachilomboka. Zikuphatikizapo:

• chifuwa
• malungo
• mphuno
• maso ofiira
• chikhure
• mawanga oyera mkamwa

Kutupa pakhungu ponseponse ndi chizindikiro chachikuku. Kuthamanga kumeneku kumatha masiku asanu ndi awiri ndipo kumawonekera patatha masiku 14 kuchokera pamene kachilombo kameneka. Nthawi zambiri zimamera pamutu ndipo zimafalikira pang'onopang'ono mbali zina za thupi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa

Chikuku chimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera kubanja la paramyxovirus. Mavairasi ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ta majeremusi. Mukakhala ndi kachilomboka, kachilomboka kamalowa m'maselo ambiri omwe amakhala nawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma cell kuti amalize moyo wawo wonse.

Kachilombo ka chikuku kamayambitsa matenda opatsirana poyamba. Komabe, pamapeto pake imafalikira mbali zina za thupi kudzera m'magazi.

Nkhundu zimangodziwika kuti zimachitika mwa anthu osati nyama zina. Pali mitundu yodziwika ya chikuku, ngakhale kuti ndi 6 yokha yomwe ikufalikira.

Kodi chikuku chikuwuluka?

Chikuku chimatha kufalikira kudzera mumlengalenga kuchokera m'malo opumira komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa mpweya. Munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatha kutulutsa kachilomboka mumlengalenga akamatsokomola kapena akayetsemula.

Tinthu tomwe timapuma timatha kukhazikika pazinthu ndi pamalo. Mutha kutenga kachilomboka mukakhudzana ndi chinthu chodetsedwa, monga chogwirira chitseko, kenako ndikumakhudza nkhope, mphuno, kapena pakamwa.

Kachilombo ka chikuku kangathe kukhala kunja kwa thupi nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe mungaganizire. M'malo mwake, imatha kukhalabe yopatsirana mlengalenga kapena pamalo mpaka.

Kodi chikuku ndi chopatsirana?

Chikuku chimafalikira kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa amatha kufalikira mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu.

Munthu amene atengeke ndi kachilomboka ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi kachilombo ka 90 peresenti. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatha kufalitsa kachilomboko kulikonse pakati pa 9 ndi 18 omwe atengeke.

Munthu amene ali ndi chikuku akhoza kufalitsa kachilomboka kwa ena asanadziwe kuti ali nako. Munthu yemwe ali ndi kachiromboka amapatsirana kwa masiku anayi chiphuphu chija chisanachitike. Ziphuphuzi zikawonekera, zimapatsirana masiku ena anayi.

Choopsa chachikulu chotenga chikuku ndikutetezedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, magulu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga zovuta kuchokera ku matenda a chikuku, kuphatikiza ana aang'ono, anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, komanso amayi apakati.

Kuzindikira chikuku

Ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi chikuku kapena mwadziwitsidwa ndi wina yemwe ali ndi chikuku, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Amatha kukuyesani ndikukuwuzani komwe mungawonekere kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi matendawa.

Madokotala amatha kutsimikizira chikuku pofufuza zotupa pakhungu lanu ndikuwona ngati ali ndi matendawa, monga malo oyera pakamwa, malungo, chifuwa, ndi pakhosi.

Ngati akuganiza kuti mutha kukhala ndi chikuku kutengera mbiri yanu ndikuwona kwanu, adokotala amalamula kuti mukayezetse magazi kuti mupeze kachilombo ka chikuku.

Chithandizo cha chikuku

Palibe mankhwala enieni a chikuku. Mosiyana ndi matenda a bakiteriya, matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi sakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Kachiromboka ndi zizindikilo zimatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri kapena itatu.

Pali zina zomwe zingachitike kwa anthu omwe atha kutenga kachilomboka. Izi zitha kuthandiza kupewa matenda kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwake. Zikuphatikizapo:

• katemera wa chikuku, woperekedwa mkati mwa maola 72 kuwonekera
• mlingo wa mapuloteni oteteza ku thupi otchedwa immunoglobulin, omwe amamwa m'masiku asanu ndi limodzi atawonekera

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni zotsatirazi kuti zikuthandizeni kuchira:

• acetaminophen (Tylenol) kapena ibuprofen (Advil) kuti achepetse kutentha thupi
• kupumula kuti muthandize kulimbitsa chitetezo chanu cha mthupi
• madzi ambiri
• chopangira chinyezi kuti chitokometse chifuwa komanso zilonda zapakhosi
• zowonjezera mavitamini A

Zithunzi

Zizindikiro kwa akulu

Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi matenda aubwana, akuluakulu amathanso kutenga chikuku. Anthu omwe alibe katemera ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa.

Zimavomerezedwa kuti achikulire omwe adabadwa chaka cha 1957 chisanafike kapena chisanafike amakhala opanda matenda a chikuku. Izi ndichifukwa choti katemerayu adapatsidwa chilolezo koyamba mu 1963. Izi zisanachitike, anthu ambiri anali atazolowera kutenga matendawa pofika zaka zawo zakusinkhuka ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zotetezeka.

Malinga ndi malipoti, zovuta zazikulu sizofala kwambiri kwa ana aang'ono, komanso kwa achikulire azaka zopitilira 20. Mavutowa atha kuphatikizira chibayo, encephalitis, ndi khungu.

Ngati ndinu wamkulu yemwe sanalandire katemera kapena sakudziwa za katemera wawo, muyenera kuwona dokotala kuti alandire katemerayu. Katemera m'modzi amalimbikitsidwa kwa achikulire omwe alibe katemera.

Zizindikiro m'makanda

Katemerayu sapatsidwa kwa ana mpaka atakwanitsa miyezi 12. Asanalandire katemera wawo woyamba ndi nthawi yomwe amakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka chikuku.

Ana amatetezedwa ku chikuku pogwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chokwanira, chomwe chimaperekedwa kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana kudzera mu placenta komanso panthawi yoyamwitsa.

Komabe, zawonetsa kuti chitetezo choterechi chitha kutayika pakangodutsa miyezi 2.5 kuchokera pomwe mwana wabadwa kapena nthawi yoti kuyamwa siyimitsidwa.

Ana ochepera zaka 5 amakhala ndi zovuta chifukwa cha chikuku. Izi zitha kuphatikizira zinthu monga chibayo, encephalitis, ndi matenda am'makutu omwe angayambitse kumva kwakumva.

Makulitsidwe nthawi chikuku

Nthawi yokwanira ya matenda opatsirana ndi nthawi yomwe imadutsa pakati pa kuwonekera komanso pamene zizindikiritso zimayamba. Nthawi yokwanira chikuku ili pakati pa masiku 10 ndi 14.

Mukangoyamba kumene kusamba, mumatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zapadera, monga malungo, chifuwa, ndi mphuno. Kutupa kumayamba kukula patatha masiku angapo.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mutha kufalitsirabe ena kwa masiku anayi musanachite zotupa. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwakumana ndi chikuku ndipo simunalandire katemera, muyenera kulumikizana ndi dokotala posachedwa.

Mitundu ya chikuku

Kuphatikiza pa matenda achikale, palinso mitundu ingapo yamatenda omwe mungapeze.

Matenda a chikuku amapezeka mwa anthu omwe analandira katemera wopha chikuku pakati pa 1963 ndi 1967. Akapezeka ndi chikuku, anthuwa amabwera ndi matenda omwe ali ndi zizindikilo monga kutentha thupi kwambiri, zotupa, komanso nthawi zina chibayo.

Chikuku chosinthidwa chimapezeka mwa anthu omwe apatsidwa immunoglobulin pambuyo povulazidwa komanso m'makanda omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Chikuku chosinthidwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chowonda kuposa chikuku chokhazikika.

Chikuku chotuluka magazi sichimapezeka kawirikawiri ku United States. Zimayambitsa zizindikilo monga kutentha thupi kwambiri, khunyu, ndi magazi pakhungu ndi ntchofu.

Chikuku motsutsana ndi rubella

Mwina mudamvapo rubella wotchedwa "chikuku cha ku Germany." Koma chikuku ndi rubella zimayambitsidwa ndi ma virus awiri osiyana.

Rubella siyowopsa ngati chikuku. Komabe, zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu ngati mayi atenga matendawa ali ndi pakati.

Ngakhale mavairasi osiyanasiyana amayambitsa chikuku ndi rubella, amakhalanso ofanana m'njira zingapo. Mavairasi onsewa:

• itha kufalikira kudzera mumlengalenga kuchokera kutsokomola ndi kuyetsemula
• zimayambitsa malungo komanso zidzolo zosiyana
• zimachitika mwa anthu okha

Matenda onse a chikuku ndi rubella amaphatikizidwa mu katemera wa chikuku-mumps-rubella (MMR) ndi katemera wa chikuku-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV).

Kupewa kachilombo

Pali njira zingapo zopewera kudwala chikuku.

Katemera

Katemera ndi njira yabwino yopewera chikuku. Katemera wambiri wa chikuku ndiwothandiza popewera matenda a chikuku.

Pali katemera awiri omwe alipo - katemera wa MMR ndi katemera wa MMRV. Katemera wa MMR ndi katemera wa atatu mwa m'modzi yemwe angakutetezeni ku chikuku, ntchintchi, ndi rubella. Katemera wa MMRV amateteza kumatenda omwewo monga katemera wa MMR komanso amateteza ku nkhuku.

Ana atha kulandira katemera wawo woyamba m'miyezi 12, kapena atangoyenda kumene, komanso mlingo wawo wachiwiri wazaka zapakati pa 4 ndi 6. Akuluakulu omwe sanalandirepo katemera angathe kufunsa katemerayu kwa dokotala wawo.

Magulu ena sayenera kulandira katemera wa chikuku. Magulu awa ndi awa:

• anthu omwe adakhalapo ndi vuto lowopsa la katemera wa chikuku kapena zigawo zake
• amayi apakati
• anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira, chomwe chingaphatikizepo anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena Edzi, anthu omwe akudwala khansa, kapena anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitetezo cha mthupi

Zotsatira zoyipa za katemera zimakhala zofewa ndipo zimatha masiku angapo. Zitha kuphatikizira zinthu monga kutentha thupi komanso kuthamanga pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, katemerayu amalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwama platelet kapena kugwa. Ana ndi akulu omwe amalandira katemera wa chikuku samakumana ndi zovuta zina.

Ena amakhulupirira kuti katemera wa chikuku amatha kuyambitsa matenda mwa ana. Zotsatira zake, kuphunzira kwakukulu kwakhala kukumana pamutuwu kwazaka zambiri. Kafukufukuyu wapeza kuti pali pakati pa katemera ndi autism.

Katemera sikofunikira kokha kukutetezani inu ndi banja lanu. Ndikofunikanso poteteza anthu omwe sangalandire katemera. Anthu ambiri akatemera katemera wa matenda, sizingafalikire pakati pa anthu. Izi zimatchedwa chitetezo cha ziweto.

Pofuna kuthana ndi ziweto kumatenda a chikuku, pafupifupi anthu ayenera kulandira katemera.

Njira zina zopewera

Sikuti aliyense akhoza kulandira katemera wa chikuku. Koma pali njira zina zomwe mungathandizire kupewa kufala kwa chikuku.

Ngati mungatengeke ndi matenda:

• Yesetsani kukhala aukhondo m'manja. Sambani m'manja musanadye, mutatha kusamba, musanakhudze nkhope, mkamwa, kapena mphuno.
• Osagawana zinthu zamwini ndi anthu omwe atha kudwala. Izi zitha kuphatikizira zinthu monga ziwiya zodyera, magalasi akumwa, ndi mswachi.
• Pewani kukumana ndi anthu omwe akudwala

Ngati mukudwala chikuku:

• Khalani panyumba kuchokera kuntchito kapena kusukulu ndi malo ena onse mpaka osafalikira. Apa ndi masiku anayi mutangoyamba kumene kutupa kwa chikuku.
• Pewani kulumikizana ndi anthu omwe akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda, monga makanda aang'ono kwambiri kuti angalandire katemera komanso anthu omwe alibe chitetezo chokwanira.
• Phimbani mphuno ndi pakamwa ngati mukufuna kutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula. Chotsani zilonda zonse zomwe mwazigwiritsa ntchito mwachangu. Ngati mulibe minofu, pezani ndodo ya chigongono, osati m'manja mwanu.
• Onetsetsani kuti mukusamba m'manja pafupipafupi ndi kupopera mankhwala pamalo alionse omwe mumakhudza pafupipafupi.

Chikuku pa nthawi yoyembekezera

Amayi oyembekezera omwe alibe chitetezo chamthupi amayenera kusamala kuti asawonekere ali ndi pakati. Kubwera ndi chikuku panthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati kumatha kukhala ndi zovuta kwa mayi ndi mwana.

Amayi oyembekezera ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha zovuta kuchokera ku chikuku monga chibayo. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhala ndi chikuku muli ndi pakati kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zotsatirazi:

• kupita padera
• ntchito yoyamba
• kulemera kochepa kubadwa
• kubala mwana

Chikuku amathanso kufalikira kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana ngati mayi ali ndi chikuku pafupi ndi tsiku lake lobereka. Izi zimatchedwa kobadwa nako chikuku. Ana omwe ali ndi chikuku chobadwa nacho amakhala ndi zotupa atabadwa kapena amakula kamodzi patangotha ​​kumene. Ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha zovuta, zomwe zitha kupha moyo.

Ngati muli ndi pakati, musatetezedwe ndi chikuku, ndipo khulupirirani kuti mwawululidwa, muyenera kulumikizana ndi dokotala mwachangu. Kulandila jakisoni wa immunoglobulin kungathandize kupewa matenda.

Matenda a Chikuku

Chikuku ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa chomwalira kwa ana ndi akulu athanzi, ndipo anthu ambiri omwe amatenga kachilomboka amachira mokwanira. Kuopsa kwa zovuta kumakhala kwakukulu m'magulu otsatirawa:

• ana ochepera zaka 5
• akuluakulu azaka zopitilira 20
• amayi apakati
• anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka
• anthu omwe alibe chakudya chokwanira
• anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la vitamini A.

Pafupifupi anthu omwe ali ndi chikuku amakumana ndi zovuta chimodzi kapena zingapo. Chikuku chimatha kubweretsa zovuta zowopsa pamoyo, monga chibayo ndi kutupa kwa ubongo (encephalitis).

Zovuta zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndi chikuku mwina ndi izi:

• khutu matenda
• chifuwa
• croup
• kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri
• khungu
• zovuta zapakati, monga kupita padera kapena kubereka msanga
• subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), vuto losowa kwambiri lamanjenje lomwe limayamba patadutsa zaka zingapo munthu atadwala

Simungapeze chikuku kangapo. Mukakhala ndi kachilomboka, mumakhala ndi chitetezo cha moyo.

Komabe, chikuku ndi zovuta zake ndizotheka kupewetsa katemera. Katemera samakutetezani inu ndi banja lanu lokha, komanso amateteza kachilomboka kuti kasafalikire mdera lanu ndikukhudza omwe sangathe kulandira katemera.