Microcephaly: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro, zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Zomwe zingayambitse
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Mitundu ya microcephaly
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• 1. Kulankhula
• 2. Physiotherapy magawo
• 3. Chithandizo chantchito
• 4. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
• 5. Majekeseni a Botox
• 6. Opaleshoni kumutu

Microcephaly ndi matenda omwe mutu ndi ubongo wa ana ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi msinkhu wawo ndipo izi zimatha kuyambika chifukwa cha kusakhazikika nthawi yapakati chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena matenda a bakiteriya kapena ma virus, monga ma Zika virus, mwachitsanzo .

Matendawa amatha kusintha makulidwe amwana, chifukwa mafupa amutu, omwe akabadwa amalekanitsidwa, amalumikizana molawirira kwambiri, kuteteza ubongo kuti usakule ndikukula bwino bwino. Chifukwa cha ichi, mwana yemwe ali ndi microcephaly angafunike chisamaliro cha moyo wake wonse, koma izi zimatsimikizika pambuyo pa chaka choyamba cha moyo ndipo zimadalira kwambiri momwe ubongo wakwanitsira kukulitsa komanso mbali ziti zaubongo zomwe zimasokonekera kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha microcephaly ndi mutu ndi ubongo wocheperako kuposa wabwinobwino msinkhu wa mwana, zomwe sizimapanga zizindikiro, komabe zimatha kusokoneza kukula kwa mwanayo, ndipo pakhoza kukhala:

• Mavuto owoneka;
• Kutaya kwakumva;
• Kufooka kwa malingaliro;
• Kuperewera kwamaluso;
• Kufa ziwalo;
• Kupweteka;
• Khunyu;
• Satha kulankhula bwinobwino.

Matendawa amathanso kubweretsa kuwuma kwa minofu yamthupi, yodziwika mwasayansi monga kupindika, chifukwa minofu imeneyi imayang'aniridwa ndi ubongo ndipo poti microcephaly ntchitoyi imasokonekera.

Mvetsetsani zambiri zazing'onozing'ono komanso momwe mungasamalire mwana yemwe ali ndi vutoli powonera vidiyo iyi:

Zomwe zingayambitse

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu zokhudzana ndi microcephaly ndikutenga kachilombo ka Zika ndi Chikungunya nthawi yapakati, makamaka m'nthawi yoyamba ya mimba. Komabe, izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha:

• Matenda monga rubella, cytomegalovirus ndi toxoplasmosis;
• Kumwa ndudu, mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga cocaine ndi heroin panthawi yapakati;
• Matenda a Rett;
• Poizoni wa mercury kapena mkuwa;
• Meninjaitisi;
• Kusowa zakudya m'thupi;
• HIV ya amayi;
• Matenda amadzimadzi mwa mayi, monga phenylketonuria;
• Kuwonetseredwa ndi ma radiation pa nthawi yoyembekezera;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala olimbana ndi khunyu, matenda a chiwindi kapena khansa m'miyezi itatu yoyambirira ya mimba.

Microcephaly amathanso kukhala majini ndipo amapezeka mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ena monga West syndrome, Down syndrome ndi Edwards syndrome, mwachitsanzo. Chifukwa chake, mwana yemwe ali ndi microcephaly yemwenso ali ndi imodzi mwazi syndromes atha kukhala ndi ziwalo zina, kulumala komanso zovuta zina kuposa ana omwe ali ndi microcephaly okha.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Kupezeka kwa microcephaly kumatha kuchitika panthawi yapakati, mayeso a prenatal, monga ultrasound, ndipo atha kutsimikizika atangobereka poyesa kukula kwa mutu wa mwana, wopangidwa ndi namwino kapena dokotala. Pezani zambiri pamene muyenera kuchita ultrasound panthawi yoyembekezera.

Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso monga computed tomography kapena ubongo wamagnetic resonance imaging amathandizanso kudziwa kuuma kwa microcephaly ndi zomwe zingachitike pakukula kwa mwana.

Mitundu ya microcephaly

Kafukufuku wina amagawa ma microcephaly mumitundu ina, monga:

• Microcephaly yoyamba: mtundu uwu umachitika pakakhala zolephera pakupanga ma neuron, omwe ndi maselo amubongo, panthawi yopanga fetus;
• Microcephaly yobereka: ndi mtundu womwe mwana amabadwira ndi chigaza choyenera komanso kukula kwa ubongo, koma kukula kwa ziwalozi sikutsatira kukula kwa mwanayo;
• Microcephaly yodziwika bwino: zimachitika mwana akabadwa ndi chigaza chaching'ono, koma samawonetsa kusintha kwamitsempha, ndipo izi ndichifukwa makolo a mwanayo amakhalanso ndi mutu wawung'ono.

Palinso mtundu wina wotchedwa microcephaly wachibale, momwe ana omwe ali ndi mavuto amitsempha amakumana ndi mavuto pakukula kwa chigaza, koma ndimagulu ochepa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madotolo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina amaganizira kuti microcephaly ndi yoyamba, pomwe mafupa amwana amatsekedwa ali ndi pakati, mpaka miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, kapena yachiwiri, pamene mafupa amatseka kumapeto komaliza kwa mimba kapena mwana akabadwa.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha microcephaly chiyenera kutsogozedwa ndi dokotala wa ana komanso katswiri wazamaubongo, komabe kulowererapo kwa akatswiri ena monga anamwino, ma physiotherapists ndi othandizira pantchito ndikofunikira, omwe angathandize mwanayo kukula ndi zolephera zochepa kuti akhale ndi luso labwino za moyo.

Chithandizocho chimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi vuto lililonse, makamaka kutengera zofooka za mwana aliyense. Komabe, njira zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi izi:

1. Kulankhula

Kuti mukhale ndi luso lolankhula, mwanayo ayenera kutsagana ndi othandizira kulankhula osachepera katatu pamlungu.

Kuphatikiza apo, makolo amayenera kuyimba nyimbo zazing'ono kwa mwanayo ndikuyankhula nawo akuyang'ana m'maso tsiku lonse, ngakhale atakhala kuti sanayankhe. Manja azigwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti zikhale zosavuta kumvetsetsa zomwe mukunena komanso kuti mumvetse chidwi cha mwanayo. Onani masewera ena omwe angachitike kuti mulimbikitse kuyankhula.

2. Physiotherapy magawo

Kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa magalimoto, kukulitsa bata komanso kupewa kupindika kwa minofu ndi kupindika kwa minyewa, ndikofunikira kuchita magawo ambiri azithandizo zakuthupi, osachepera 3 pa sabata, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a Pilates, kutambasula, magawo a psychomotricity ndi hydrotherapy zitha kukhala zothandiza .

Physiotherapy imawonetsedwa chifukwa imatha kukhala ndi zotsatira pakukula kwamwana, komanso chifukwa imathandizira kukulira m'maganizo.

3. Chithandizo chantchito

Pankhani ya ana okulirapo komanso ndi cholinga chofuna kudziyang'anira pawokha, kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zantchito zitha kuwonetsedwanso ndi adotolo, momwe ntchito zamasiku onse zimatha kuphunzitsidwa, monga kutsuka mano kapena kudya, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera., Mwachitsanzo.

Pofuna kukulitsa luso lochezera, wina ayeneranso kuwunika kuthekera kosungitsa mwanayo pasukulu yabwinobwino kuti athe kuyanjana ndi ana ena omwe alibe Microcephaly, kutha kutenga nawo mbali pamasewera omwe amalimbikitsa kucheza. Komabe, ngati pangachedwe kukula kwamisala, mwanayo sangaphunzire kuwerenga kapena kulemba, ngakhale atha kupita kusukulu kukakumana ndi ana ena.

Kunyumba, makolo ayenera kulimbikitsa mwana momwe angathere, kusewera kutsogolo kwa kalilole, kukhala mbali ya mwanayo komanso kutenga nawo mbali pamisonkhano yabanja komanso yabwenzi momwe zingathere kuyesa kuti ubongo wa mwana uzikhala wogwira ntchito nthawi zonse.

4. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Mwana yemwe ali ndi microcephaly angafunikire kumwa mankhwala omwe adokotala amamuwuza molingana ndi zisonyezo zomwe amapereka, monga anticonvulsant kuti achepetse kugwidwa kapena kuthana ndi nkhawa, monga Diazepam kapena Ritalin, kuwonjezera pa zothetsa ululu, monga Paracetamol, kuti muchepetse minofu ululu chifukwa chovutikira kwambiri.

5. Majekeseni a Botox

Majakisoni a Botox amatha kuwonetsedwa pochiza ana ena omwe ali ndi microcephaly, chifukwa amathandizira kuchepetsa kuuma kwa minofu ndikuthandizira kusintha kwa thupi, kuthandizira magawo a physiotherapy ndi chisamaliro cha tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kawirikawiri jakisoni wa Botox amawonetsedwa nthawi zonse mwanayo amakhala ndi minofu yolimba kwambiri, mosachita kufuna, zomwe zimapangitsa zinthu zosavuta monga kusamba kapena kusintha thewera kumakhala kovuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito botox kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kotetezeka ndipo kulibe zoopsa zilizonse, bola ngati kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mulingo woyenera komanso nthawi zonse motsogozedwa ndi dokotala.

6. Opaleshoni kumutu

Nthawi zina, opareshoni imatha kuchitidwa pocheka pamutu kuti ubongo ukule, ndikuchepetsanso matendawa. Komabe, opaleshoniyi kuti ikhale ndi zotsatira iyenera kuchitidwa mpaka mwanayo atakwanitsa miyezi iwiri ndipo sanatchulidwe pazochitika zonse, pokhapokha ngati pangakhale zabwino zambiri komanso zoopsa zochepa.