Matenda a Mitral Valve

Zamkati

• Kodi matenda a mitral valve ndi chiyani?
• Mitundu ya matenda a mitral valve
• Mitral valve stenosis
• Mitral valve yayenda
• Mitral valve kuyambiranso
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa matenda a mitral valve?
• Mitral valve stenosis
• Mitral valve yayenda
• Mitral valve kuyambiranso
• Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a mitral valve ndi ziti?
• Kodi matenda a mitral valve amapezeka?
• Kuyesa mayeso
• Kuyesa kuwunika zochitika pamtima
• Mayeso a kupsinjika
• Kodi matenda a mitral valve amathandizidwa motani?
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala
• Zovuta
• Opaleshoni
• Kutenga

Kodi matenda a mitral valve ndi chiyani?

Valavu ya mitral ili mbali yakumanzere ya mtima wanu pakati pa zipinda ziwiri: atrium yakumanzere ndi ventricle wakumanzere. Valavu imagwira ntchito kuti magazi aziyenda bwino mbali imodzi kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanzere kumanzere. Zimatetezeranso magazi kuti asayende kumbuyo.

Matenda a Mitral valve amapezeka pamene mitral valve sagwira ntchito bwino, kulola magazi kuti abwerere kumbuyo kumanzere kumanzere. Zotsatira zake, mtima wanu sukupopa magazi okwanira kuchokera kuchipinda chakumanzere chakumanzere kuti mupatse thupi lanu magazi odzaza mpweya. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo monga kutopa komanso kupuma movutikira. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a mitral valve samazindikira.

Ngati sanasamalidwe, matenda amtundu wa mitral amatha kubweretsa zovuta zowopsa monga kuphwanya mtima kapena kugunda kwamtima kosafunikira, kotchedwa arrhythmias.

Mitundu ya matenda a mitral valve

Pali mitundu itatu ya matenda a mitral valve: stenosis, prolapse, ndi regurgitation.

Mitral valve stenosis

Stenosis imachitika pamene kutsegula kwa valavu kumakhala kochepa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe magazi okwanira omwe angadutse mu ventricle yanu yakumanzere.

Mitral valve yayenda

Kuphulika kumachitika pamene zikumangirira pachikhomo cha valve m'malo mwakutseka mwamphamvu. Izi zitha kuteteza valavu kuti isatseke kwathunthu, ndipo kubwezeretsanso - kubwerera m'mbuyo kwamagazi - kumatha kuchitika.

Mitral valve kuyambiranso

Kubwezeretsa kumachitika magazi akamatuluka kuchokera ku valavu ndikubwerera chammbuyo kupita kumanzere kwanu pomwe mpweya wamanzere umapanikizika.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa matenda a mitral valve?

Matenda aliwonse amtundu wa mitral amakhala ndi zifukwa zake.

Mitral valve stenosis

Mitral valve stenosis nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha zilonda za rheumatic fever. Kawirikawiri matenda aubwana, rheumatic fever amachokera ku chitetezo cha mthupi ku matenda a bakiteriya a streptococcal. Rheumatic fever ndi vuto lalikulu la strep throat kapena scarlet fever.

Ziwalo zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha mafupa ndi mafupa ndi mtima. Malumikizowo amatha kutupa, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa kuti akhale wolumala kwakanthawi komanso nthawi zina. Mbali zosiyanasiyana za mtima zimatha kutentha ndipo zimayambitsa mavuto amtima, kuphatikizapo:

• endocarditis: kutupa kwa akalowa mumtima
• myocarditis: kutupa kwa minofu yamtima
• pericarditis: kutupa kwa nembanemba yozungulira mtima

Ngati valavu yamitral yatupa kapena kuvulala mwanjira izi, zimatha kubweretsa matenda amtima otchedwa rheumatic heart disease. Zizindikiro zamatendawa sizitha kuchitika mpaka patadutsa zaka 5 mpaka 10 kudwala kwa rheumatic fever.

Mitral stenosis siachilendo ku United States ndi m'maiko ena otukuka kumene rheumatic fever ndiyosowa. Izi ndichifukwa choti anthu akumayiko otukuka amakhala ndi mwayi wopeza maantibayotiki omwe amachiza matenda a bakiteriya monga strep throat, malinga ndi Merck Manual Home Health Handbook. Matenda ambiri a mitral stenosis ku United States amakhala achikulire omwe anali ndi rheumatic fever asanagwiritse ntchito maantibayotiki kapena anthu omwe achoka kumayiko omwe rheumatic fever ndi wamba.

Palinso zifukwa zina za mitral valve stenosis, koma izi ndizochepa. Zikuphatikizapo:

• kuundana kwamagazi
• calcium kumanga
• kobadwa nako kupindika mtima
• chithandizo cha radiation
• zotupa

Mitral valve yayenda

Mitral valve prolapse nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda chifukwa kapena kudziwika. Amakonda kuthamanga m'mabanja kapena amapezeka mwa iwo omwe ali ndi zovuta zina, monga scoliosis ndi zovuta zamagulu. Malinga ndi American Heart Association, pafupifupi 2 peresenti ya anthu aku US ali ndi mitral valve prolapse. Ngakhale anthu ocheperako amakumana ndi mavuto akulu okhudzana ndi vutoli.

Mitral valve kuyambiranso

Matenda osiyanasiyana amtima amatha kuyambiranso mitral valve. Mutha kukhala ndi mitral valve regurgitation ngati mwakhala:

• endocarditis, kapena kutupa kwa zingwe za mtima ndi mavavu
• matenda amtima
• enaake ophwanya malungo

Kuwonongeka kwa zingwe za minofu ya mtima wanu kapena kuvala ndikung'amba kwa mitral valve yanu kungathenso kuyambiranso. Mitral valve prolapse nthawi zina imatha kuyambiranso.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a mitral valve ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matenda a Mitral valve zimasiyana kutengera vuto lenileni la valavu yanu. Sizingayambitse zizindikiro zilizonse. Zizindikiro zikachitika, zimatha kuphatikiza:

• chifuwa
• kupuma movutikira, makamaka pamene mwagona chagada kapena mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• kutopa
• mutu wopepuka

Muthanso kumva kupweteka kapena kulimba pachifuwa. Nthawi zina, mungamve kuti mtima wanu ukugunda mosakhazikika kapena mwachangu.

Zizindikiro zamtundu uliwonse wamatral valve matenda nthawi zambiri zimayamba pang'onopang'ono. Zitha kuwonekera kapena kuwonjezeka pamene thupi lanu likukumana ndi zovuta zina, monga matenda kapena mimba.

Kodi matenda a mitral valve amapezeka?

Ngati dokotala akukayikira kuti mutha kukhala ndi matenda a mitral valve, amamvera mtima wanu ndi stethoscope. Phokoso losazolowereka kapena mayimbidwe amtundu angawathandize kuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika.

Dokotala wanu atha kuyitanitsa mayeso ena kuti athandizire kutsimikizira matenda amitsempha yamavuto.

Kuyesa mayeso

• Echocardiogram: Kuyesaku kumagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a ultrasound kuti apange zithunzi za kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ka mtima.
• X-ray: Chiyeso chofala ichi chimapanga zithunzi pakompyuta kapena mufilimu potumiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa ma X-ray kudzera m'thupi.
• Transesophageal echocardiogram: Kuyesaku kumabweretsa chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha mtima wanu kuposa mtundu wa echocardiogram. Pomwe mukuchita izi, dokotala wanu amalumikiza kachipangizo kamene kamatulutsa mafunde a ultrasound mummero mwanu, womwe umakhala kumbuyo kwenikweni kwa mtima.
• Catheterization yamtima: Njirayi imalola dokotala wanu kuyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kupeza chithunzi cha mitsempha yamagazi yamtima. Mukamachita izi, dokotala wanu amalowetsa chubu lalitali, locheperako m'manja mwanu, ntchafu yakumtunda, kapena khosi ndikulumikiza mpaka pamtima panu.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG kapena EKG): Kuyesaku kumalemba zochitika zamagetsi pamtima panu.
• Holter Monitoring: Ichi ndi chida chonyamulira chomwe chimalemba zomwe mtima wanu umagwira pamagetsi kwakanthawi, nthawi zambiri 24 mpaka 48 maola.

Kuyesa kuwunika zochitika pamtima

Mayeso a kupsinjika

Dokotala wanu angafune kukuyang'anirani pamene mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti muwone momwe mtima wanu umayankhira kupsinjika kwakuthupi.

Kodi matenda a mitral valve amathandizidwa motani?

Chithandizo cha matenda a mitral valve sichingakhale chofunikira, kutengera kukula kwa mkhalidwe wanu ndi zizindikilo. Ngati mulibe vuto lokwanira, pali mankhwala atatu omwe mungawathandize kapena njira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuthana ndi vuto lanu.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala

Ngati chithandizo ndi chofunikira, dokotala wanu akhoza kuyamba ndikukuchitirani mankhwala. Palibe mankhwala omwe angathetse vutoli ndi mitral valve yanu. Mankhwala ena amatha kuchepetsa zizindikilo zanu kapena kuwalepheretsa kukulira. Mankhwalawa atha kuphatikiza:

• antiarrhythmics, kuti athetse mitima yachilendo
• maanticoagulants, kuti muchepetse magazi anu
• zotchinga beta, kuti muchepetse kugunda kwa mtima wanu
• okodzetsa, kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa madzi m'mapapu anu

Zovuta

Nthawi zina, dokotala wanu angafunike kuchita zamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mitral valve stenosis, dokotala wanu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito buluni kuti atsegule valavu mu njira yotchedwa balloon valvuloplasty.

Opaleshoni

Pazovuta kwambiri, kuchitidwa opaleshoni kungakhale kofunikira. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukonza opaleshoni yanu ya mitral valve kuti igwire bwino. Ngati izi sizingatheke, mungafunikire kuti mitral valve yanu isinthidwe ndi yatsopano. Kusinthako kumatha kukhala kwachilengedwe kapena kwamakina. Kusintha kwachilengedwe kumatha kupezeka kuchokera ku ng'ombe, nkhumba, kapena kukopa anthu.

Kutenga

Pamene valavu ya mitral sichigwira ntchito momwe imayenera kukhalira, magazi anu samatuluka bwino kutuluka mumtima. Mutha kukhala ndi zizindikilo monga kutopa kapena kupuma movutikira, kapena mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikilo. Dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso osiyanasiyana kuti adziwe momwe muliri. Chithandizo chake chingaphatikizepo mankhwala osiyanasiyana, njira zamankhwala, kapena opaleshoni.