Kusankha mutism: ndi chiyani, mawonekedwe ndi momwe angachitire

Zamkati

• Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zosankha mutism
• Chifukwa chiyani zimachitika
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Kusankha mutism ndimavuto osowa amisala omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza ana azaka zapakati pa 2 ndi 5, omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa atsikana. Ana omwe ali ndi vutoli amangolankhulana ndi anthu omwe ali pafupi nawo, zimakhala zovuta kuyankhula ndi ana ena, aphunzitsi kapena abale awo.

Kupezeka kwa mutism wosankhidwa kumapangidwa pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, kuyambira kuyambira pamenepo kupita patsogolo mwana amakhala ndi luso lotha kulankhula ndipo amayamba kuwonetsa zovuta kuchita zochitika zina. Nthawi zambiri mwana amalankhula bwino ndi makolo, abale ake ndi abale ake apamtima, komabe, amavutika kuyankhula ndi anthu ena, komanso kuyanjana ndi anthu, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi nkhawa.

Ndikofunikira kuti mutism osankhidwa azindikiridwe ndikuchiritsidwa mothandizidwa ndi wama psychologist komanso psychiatrist, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi ndizotheka kudziwa ngati pali vuto lina lililonse lomwe lingayambitse chisokonezo, monga mavuto akumva kapena zovuta zamaubongo, kulola kusintha mtundu wa mankhwala.

Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zosankha mutism

Mwana yemwe ali ndi mutism wosankha amatha kulumikizana bwino pabanja, komabe ali ndi zovuta mdera lomwe ali ndi anthu osadziwika, momwe akumverera kuti machitidwe ake akuwonedwa. Chifukwa chake, zina mwazinthu zomwe zimathandizira kuzindikira kusankhidwa kwa mutism ndi:

• Zovuta kucheza ndi ana ena;
• Kupanda kulumikizana ndi aphunzitsi;
• Zovuta kufotokoza nokha, ngakhale kudzera mu manja;
• Manyazi ochuluka;
• Kudzipatula pagulu;
• Zovuta kuti mupite kubafa kumalo osazolowereka, kutulutsa mathalauza anu, kapena kudya kusukulu.

Ngakhale kuti ana amakhala ochulukirachulukira, kusankhana kwamtundu wina kumatha kudziwikanso kwa akulu ndipo, munthawi imeneyi, kumatchedwa social phobia, momwe munthu amakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse, monga kudya pagulu. Mwachitsanzo, kapena mukamaganiza zokhazikitsa njira yolumikizirana. Phunzirani momwe mungadziwire anthu omwe akuchita mantha.

Chifukwa chiyani zimachitika

Kusankha mutism sikukhala ndi chifukwa chake, komabe kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zochitika zina, zomwe zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi zovuta zina kapena zoopsa zomwe mwanayo wadutsamo, monga kulowa sukulu yatsopano, kukhala m'malo otetezedwa kwambiri m'banja kapena kukhala ndi makolo opondereza kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa vutoli kumatha kukhala kokhudzana ndi chibadwa, chifukwa zimakonda kupezeka mwa ana omwe makolo awo ali ndi zovuta zam'maganizo kapena / kapena zamakhalidwe, kapena okhudzana ndi mikhalidwe ya mwanayo monga manyazi, kuda nkhawa kwambiri, mantha ndi cholumikizira, mwachitsanzo.

Izi zitha kuthandizidwanso ndi kuyamba kwa moyo wasukulu kapena kusintha kwa mzinda kapena dziko, mwachitsanzo, monga zotsatira za chikhalidwe. Komabe, muzochitika izi ndikofunikira kuti kukula kwa mwanayo kuzindikiridwe, chifukwa kusowa kwa kulumikizana sikubwera chifukwa chosankha mutism, koma kumafanana ndi nthawi yosinthira mwanayo kumalo atsopano. Chifukwa chake, kuti tiwonedwe ngati osasintha, ndikofunikira kuti mawonekedwe amasinthidwewa asanakhalepo kapena akhale pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha mutism wosankha chimakhala ndimagawo amisala, momwe wamaganizidwe amafotokozera njira zomwe zimathandizira kulumikizana kwa mwanayo, kuphatikiza pakuwunika maluso omwe amawunika momwe amachitira. Chifukwa chake, wama psychologist amatha kupangitsa kuti mwana azikhala womasuka m'chilengedwe kuti kulumikizana kwake kukhale kosangalatsa.

Nthawi zina, mwina katswiri wa zamaganizidwe angalimbikitse kuti mwanayo apite limodzi ndi katswiri wazamisala wa ana kapena kuti azichita nawo zokambiranazo.

Kuphatikiza apo, wama psychologist amatsogolera makolo kuti chithandizo chizipitilirabe kunyumba, ndikuwalangiza makolo kuti:

• Musakakamize mwanayo kuti ayankhule;
• Pewani kuyankhira mwanayo;
• Yamikirani mwanayo akawonetsa kupita patsogolo m'maluso awo olumikizirana;
• Limbikitsani mwanayo kuchita zinthu zovuta kwambiri, monga kugula mkate, mwachitsanzo;
• Pangani mwanayo kukhala omasuka pamalo ozungulira, kuti amulepheretse kudzimva kuti ndiye malo owonekera.

Mwanjira imeneyi ndizotheka kuti mwana azikhala ndi chidaliro cholankhula ndipo sangakhale omasuka m'malo achilendo.

Ngati palibe yankho la chithandizo kapena kuwoneka bwino, wamaganizidwe amatha kuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs, yomwe imagwira ubongo. Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitsogozo cha adotolo komanso milandu yoyesedwa bwino, popeza palibe maphunziro ambiri omwe amatsimikizira momwe angathandizire ana omwe ali ndi vutoli.