Myasthenia Gravis

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za myasthenia gravis ndi ziti?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa myasthenia gravis?
• Kodi myasthenia gravis amapezeka bwanji?
• Njira zochiritsira myasthenia gravis
• Mankhwala
• Thymus England kuchotsa
• Kusinthana kwa plasma
• Minyewa yoteteza thupi ku globulin
• Zosintha m'moyo
• Zovuta za myasthenia gravis
• Kuwona kwakanthawi

Myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis (MG) ndi vuto la neuromuscular lomwe limayambitsa kufooka m'minyewa yamafupa, yomwe ndi minofu yomwe thupi lanu limagwiritsa ntchito poyenda. Zimachitika pomwe kulumikizana pakati pa maselo amitsempha ndi minofu kumasokonekera. Vutoli limalepheretsa kusamvana kwa minofu kuti ichitike, zomwe zimapangitsa kufooka kwa minofu.

Malinga ndi Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America, MG ndiye matenda ofala kwambiri a kufala kwa ma neuromuscular. Ndi mkhalidwe wosowa kwenikweni womwe umakhudza pakati pa 14 ndi 20 mwa anthu 100,000 aliwonse ku United States.

Zizindikiro za myasthenia gravis ndi ziti?

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha MG ndikufooka kwa mafupa aufulu, omwe ndi minofu yomwe mumayang'anira. Kulephera kwa minofu kutengeka nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa sangathe kuyankha zikhumbo zamitsempha. Popanda kutulutsa koyenera, kulumikizana pakati pa mitsempha ndi minofu kumatsekedwa ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zofooka.

Kufooka komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi MG kumangokulirakulira ndikuchita zambiri ndikukhala bwino ndikupuma. Zizindikiro za MG zitha kuphatikiza:

• kuvuta kuyankhula
• zovuta kukwera masitepe kapena kukweza zinthu
• ziwalo za nkhope
• kuvuta kupuma chifukwa cha kufooka kwa minofu
• kuvuta kumeza kapena kutafuna
• kutopa
• mawu okweza
• kutsikira kwa zikope
• masomphenya awiri

Sikuti aliyense adzakhala ndi chizindikiro chilichonse, ndipo kuchepa kwa minofu kumatha kusintha tsiku ndi tsiku. Kukula kwa zizindikirazo kumawonjezeka pakapita nthawi ngati sanalandire chithandizo.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa myasthenia gravis?

MG ndimatenda a neuromuscular omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha vuto lokhalokha. Matenda osokoneza bongo amachitika pamene chitetezo chanu chamthupi chimalakwitsa minyewa yathanzi. Momwemonso, ma antibodies, omwe ndi mapuloteni omwe nthawi zambiri amawononga zakunja, zinthu zowopsa mthupi, amalimbana ndi mphambano ya neuromuscular. Kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba ya neuromuscular kumachepetsa mphamvu ya neurotransmitter chinthu acetylcholine, chomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakulumikizana pakati pa maselo amitsempha ndi minofu. Izi zimabweretsa kufooka kwa minofu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa izi zimadziwika kwa asayansi sizikudziwika bwinobwino. Malinga ndi a Muscular Dystrophy Association, lingaliro lina ndiloti mapuloteni ena a ma virus kapena bakiteriya amatha kupangitsa thupi kuti liukire acetylcholine.

Malinga ndi National Institutes of Health, MG imapezeka mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40. Amayi amapezeka kuti ndi achikulire, pomwe amuna amapezeka kuti ali ndi zaka 60 kapena kupitilira apo.

Kodi myasthenia gravis amapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala wanu adzakuyesani kwathunthu, komanso adzalemba zambiri zamatenda anu. Adzachitanso mayeso a mitsempha. Izi zitha kukhala ndi:

• kuwunika momwe mumaganizira
• kuyang'ana kufooka kwa minofu
• kuwunika kamvekedwe ka minofu
• kuwonetsetsa kuti maso anu akuyenda bwino
• kuyesa kutengeka m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi lanu
• kuyesa ntchito zamagalimoto, monga kukhudza chala chanu pamphuno

Mayesero ena omwe angathandize dokotala kuzindikira vutoli ndi awa:

• kuyeserera kobwerezabwereza kwamitsempha
• kuyesa magazi kwa ma antibodies omwe amagwirizana ndi MG
• edrophonium (Tensilon) kuyesa: mankhwala otchedwa Tensilon (kapena placebo) amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, ndipo mumapemphedwa kuti muziyenda minofu mothandizidwa ndi adotolo
• kulingalira pachifuwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma scan a CT kapena MRI kuti athetse chotupa

Njira zochiritsira myasthenia gravis

Palibe mankhwala a MG. Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikuthandizira kuwongolera zizindikiritso ndikuwongolera momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chanu chilili.

Mankhwala

Corticosteroids ndi ma immunosuppressants atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupondereza chitetezo cha mthupi. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa mayankho achilengedwe omwe amapezeka mu MG.

Kuphatikiza apo, cholinesterase inhibitors, monga pyridostigmine (Mestinon), itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa kulumikizana pakati pa mitsempha ndi minofu.

Thymus England kuchotsa

Kuchotsa matenda a thymus gland, omwe ndi mbali ya chitetezo cha mthupi, kungakhale koyenera kwa odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi MG. Thymus ikachotsedwa, odwala samakonda kuchepa kwa minofu.

Malingana ndi Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America, pakati pa 10 ndi 15 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi MG adzakhala ndi chotupa mu thymus yawo. Zotupa, ngakhale zomwe zili zabwino, zimachotsedwa nthawi zonse chifukwa zimatha kukhala khansa.

Kusinthana kwa plasma

Plasmapheresis imadziwikanso kuti kusinthana kwa plasma. Njirayi imachotsa ma antibodies owopsa m'magazi, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti minofu ikhale yolimba.

Plasmapheresis ndi chithandizo chanthawi yochepa. Thupi limapitilizabe kutulutsa ma antibodies owopsa ndipo kufooka kumatha kubwereranso. Kusinthana kwa plasma kumathandiza musanachite opaleshoni kapena munthawi yofooka kwambiri kwa MG.

Minyewa yoteteza thupi ku globulin

Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) ndi mankhwala ochokera m'magazi omwe amapereka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira MG yokhayokha. Ngakhale sizikudziwika bwino momwe IVIG imagwirira ntchito, zimakhudza kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ma antibodies.

Zosintha m'moyo

Pali zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kunyumba kuti muchepetse zizindikiro za MG:

• Pezani mpumulo wambiri kuti muchepetse kufooka kwa minofu.
• Ngati mukuvutitsidwa ndi masomphenya awiri, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ngati muyenera kuvala chigamba cha diso.
• Pewani kupsinjika ndi kutentha, popeza zonsezi zitha kukulitsa zizindikilo.

Mankhwalawa sangachiritse MG. Komabe, mudzawona kusintha pazizindikiro zanu. Anthu ena atha kukhululukidwa, pomwe chithandizo sichofunikira.

Uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwala aliwonse omwe mungamwe. Mankhwala ena amatha kukulitsa matenda a MG. Musanamwe mankhwala atsopano, funsani dokotala kuti muwone ngati ndi otetezeka.

Zovuta za myasthenia gravis

Chimodzi mwamavuto owopsa kwambiri a MG ndimavuto amisala. Izi zimakhala ndi kufooka kwa minofu komwe kumatha kupulumutsa komwe kungaphatikizepo zovuta kupuma. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zoopsa zanu. Mukayamba kuvuta kupuma kapena kumeza, itanani 911 kapena pitani kuchipinda chanu chadzidzidzi mwachangu.

Anthu omwe ali ndi MG ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda ena amthupi monga lupus ndi nyamakazi.

Kuwona kwakanthawi

Kuwona kwakanthawi kwa MG kumadalira pazinthu zambiri. Anthu ena amangokhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa. Ena pamapeto pake amayenda pa njinga ya olumala. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse kuuma kwa MG wanu. Chithandizo choyambirira komanso choyenera chitha kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda mwa anthu ambiri.