Neutropenia: ndi chiyani komanso zomwe zimayambitsa

Zamkati

• Zimayambitsa neutropenia
• Kuzungulira neutropenia
• Febrile neutropenia

Neutropenia ikufanana ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophil, omwe ndi maselo amwazi omwe amathandizira kulimbana ndi matenda. Momwemo, kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophil ayenera kukhala pakati pa 1500 ndi 8000 / mm³, komabe, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mafupa kapena kusasitsa kwamaselowa, kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophils omwe amatha kuzungulira kumatha kuchepa, kutengera neutropenia.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophils omwe amapezeka, neutropenia imatha kugawidwa malinga ndi kuuma kwake kukhala:

• Wofatsa neutropenia, kumene ma neutrophils ali pakati pa 1000 ndi 1500 / µL;
• Neutropenia pang'ono, momwe ma neutrophils ali pakati pa 500 mpaka 1000 / µL;
• Olimba neutropenia, momwe ma neutrophil ochepera 500 / µL, omwe amatha kuthandizira kuchuluka kwa mafangasi ndi mabakiteriya omwe amakhala mwachilengedwe mthupi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda;

Kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophil oyenda pang'onopang'ono, kumapangitsa kuti munthu atenge matenda mosavuta. Ndikofunikira kuti neutropenia iyesedwe mosamala, chifukwa zotsatira zake mwina zimakhudzidwa ndimavuto panthawi yosonkhanitsa, zosungira zosintha kapena kusintha kwa zida zomwe kuwunikirako kumachitika, mwachitsanzo. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa neutrophil kuyesedwe kuti muwone ngati kuli neutropenia.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa ma cell ofiira ndi ma platelet ndikwabwinobwino komanso kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophil ochepa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuwerengetsa magazi mobwerezabwereza kutsimikizira neutropenia.

Zimayambitsa neutropenia

Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophil kumatha kukhala chifukwa chosakwanira kupanga kapena kusintha kwamasamba m'mafupa kapena chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma neutrophil m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zimayambitsa neutropenia ndi izi:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi Megaloblastic;
• Kuchepa magazi m'thupi;
• Khansa ya m'magazi;
• Kukula kwa nthata;
• Matenda enaake;
• Zokhudza lupus erythematosus;
• Paroxysmal usiku hemoglobinuria;
• Matenda a kachilombo, makamaka ndi kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis;
• Matenda a bakiteriya, makamaka ngati pali chifuwa chachikulu ndi septicemia.

Kuphatikiza apo, neutropenia imatha kuchitika chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ena, monga Aminopyrine, Propiltiouracil ndi Penicillin, mwachitsanzo, kapena chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa vitamini B12 kapena folic acid, mwachitsanzo.

Dziwani zambiri za neutrophils.

Kuzungulira neutropenia

Cyclic neutropenia imafanana ndi matenda amtundu wa autosomal odziwika bwino omwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa ma neutrophil ozungulira, ndiye kuti, masiku onse 21, nthawi zambiri, pamakhala kuchepa kwa ma neutrophils oyenda.

Matendawa ndi osowa ndipo amapezeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini omwe amapezeka pa chromosome 19 omwe amachititsa kupanga enzyme, elastase, mu neutrophils. Pakalibe enzyme iyi, ma neutrophil nthawi zambiri amawonongeka.

Febrile neutropenia

Febrile neutropenia imachitika pakakhala ma neutrophil ochepa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepera 500 / µL, kuchititsa kupezeka kwa matenda ndikubweretsa kutentha kwa thupi, nthawi zambiri kuposa 38 usuallyC.

Chifukwa chake, chithandizo cha febrile neutropenia chimaphatikizapo kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa kutentha thupi, maantibayotiki pakamwa kapena kudzera mumitsempha, malinga ndi zomwe adokotala akukuuzani kuti muchepetse matenda ndi jakisoni wokhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimakulitsa neutrophil, kuti muthane ndi neutropenia. Kuphatikizanso apo, pangafunikenso kuwonjezera mankhwala ena achiwiri kuchipatala ngati wodwalayo akupitilizabe kutentha thupi pakadutsa masiku 5 akuyamba mankhwala.