Matenda Odziwika Kwambiri

Zamkati

• Kodi matenda osafala kwambiri ndi ati?
• Matenda amtima
• Khansa
• Matenda opuma opatsirana
• Matenda a shuga
• Matenda osafala kwambiri
• Mfundo yofunika

Kodi matenda osapatsirana ndi ati?

Matenda osafalikira ndi matenda osapatsirana omwe sangathe kufalikira kwa munthu wina. Zimakhalanso nthawi yayitali. Izi zimadziwikanso kuti matenda osachiritsika.

Kuphatikiza kwa majini, thupi, moyo, komanso chilengedwe zitha kuyambitsa matendawa. Zina mwaziwopsezo ndizo:

• Zakudya zopanda thanzi
• kusowa zolimbitsa thupi
• kusuta ndi utsi wa utsi wa fodya
• kumwa kwambiri mowa

Matenda osapatsirana amapha chaka chilichonse. Izi ndi pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya anthu omwe amamwalira padziko lonse lapansi.

Matenda osafalikira amakhudza anthu amisinkhu yonse, zipembedzo zonse, komanso mayiko.

Matenda osapatsirana nthawi zambiri amakhala ogwirizana ndi okalamba. Komabe, imfa zapachaka zochokera ku matenda osafalikira zimachitika pakati pa anthu azaka zapakati pa 30 mpaka 69.

Oposa awa amafa kumayiko omwe amalandira ndalama zochepa komanso apakati komanso m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo komwe mwayi wopezeka ndi zithandizo zaumoyo akusowa.

Kodi matenda osafala kwambiri ndi ati?

Matenda ena osapatsirana ndiofala kwambiri kuposa ena. Mitundu inayi yayikulu yamatenda osapatsirana imaphatikizapo matenda amtima, khansa, matenda opumira, ndi matenda ashuga.

Matenda amtima

Kudya moperewera komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kuyambitsa:

• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• shuga wamagazi
• lipids zamagazi
• kunenepa kwambiri

Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtima. Anthu ena amabadwa ali ndi (chibadwa chofuna kukhala ndi) zina zamatenda amtima.

Matenda amtima ndi omwe amayambitsa matenda opatsirana ambiri. Zina mwazomwe sizingafalikire za mtima ndi matenda ndizo:

• matenda amtima
• sitiroko
• matenda amitsempha yamagazi
• matenda a cerebrovascular
• Matenda a m'mitsempha (PAD)
• matenda obadwa nawo amtima
• thrombosis yakuya komanso kuphatikizika kwamapapu

Khansa

Khansa imakhudza anthu azaka zonse, azachuma komanso azikhalidwe, amuna ndi akazi. Ndi matenda osafalikira padziko lonse lapansi.

Khansa zina sizingapewe chifukwa cha majini. Komabe, World Health Organisation ikuganiza kuti khansa imatha kupewedwa ndikutsata zosankha zabwino pamoyo wawo.

Zomwe mungachite popewa matenda ndi monga:

• kupewa fodya
• kuchepetsa mowa
• kulandira katemera ku matenda oyambitsa khansa

Mu 2015, pafupifupi, adayambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Imfa yofala kwambiri ya khansa mwa amuna padziko lonse lapansi ndi awa:

• mapapo
• chiwindi
• m'mimba
• wokongola
• Prostate

Imfa yofala kwambiri ya khansa mwa amayi padziko lonse lapansi ndi iyi:

• bere
• mapapo
• wokongola
• khomo lachiberekero
• m'mimba

Matenda opuma opatsirana

Matenda opuma opatsirana ndi matenda omwe amakhudza mayendedwe am'mapapo ndi mapapo. Ena mwa matendawa amakhala ndi chibadwa.

Komabe, zifukwa zina zimaphatikizapo zosankha pamoyo wanu monga kusuta fodya komanso zachilengedwe monga kuwonongedwa kwa mpweya, mpweya wabwino, komanso mpweya wabwino.

Ngakhale matendawa sachiritsidwa, amatha kuthandizidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Matenda ofala kwambiri kupuma ndi awa:

• Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD)
• mphumu
• matenda am'mapapo, monga mapapu akuda
• Matenda oopsa
• cystic fibrosis

Matenda a shuga

Matenda ashuga amapezeka pomwe thupi silimatha kupanga insulin yokwanira, mahomoni omwe amayang'anira shuga wamagazi (shuga). Zitha kuchitika pomwe thupi silingagwiritse ntchito bwino insulin yomwe limatulutsa.

Zotsatira zina za matenda ashuga zimaphatikizapo matenda amtima, kusawona bwino, komanso kuvulala kwa impso. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi sikuwongoleredwa, matenda ashuga amatha kuwononga ziwalo zina ndi ziwalo zina m'thupi nthawi yayitali.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya matenda ashuga:

• Type 1 shuga nthawi zambiri amapezeka ali mwana kapena ali mwana. Ndi zotsatira za kusowa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi.
• Type 2 matenda ashuga imapezeka nthawi zambiri ukamakula. Zimakhala chifukwa chodya moperewera, kusagwira ntchito, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso njira zina zamoyo komanso zachilengedwe.

Mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga ndi iyi:

• matenda ashuga, zomwe zimayambitsa shuga wambiri m'magazi 3 mpaka 8 peresenti ya amayi apakati ku United States
• matenda a shuga, chikhalidwe chomwe chimafotokozedwa ndi milingo yoposa yachibadwa m'magazi omwe amatsogolera pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga posachedwa

Matenda osafala kwambiri

Matenda ena osafalikira omwe amakhudza anthu padziko lonse lapansi ndi awa:

1. Matenda a Alzheimer
2. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (yotchedwanso matenda a Lou Gehrig)
3. nyamakazi
4. kusowa kwa chidwi cha vuto la kuchepa kwa mphamvu (ADHD)
5. matenda a autism spectrum (ASD)
6. Chifuwa cha Bell
7. matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika
8. zilema zobereka
9. Nthenda ya ubongo
10. matenda a impso
11. kupweteka kosalekeza
12. matenda kapamba
13. matenda osokoneza bongo (CTE)
14. kusokonezeka / kutuluka magazi
15. kobadwa nako kumva
16. Kuchepetsa magazi kwa Cooley (komwe kumatchedwanso beta thalassemia)
17. Matenda a Crohn
18. kukhumudwa
19. Matenda a Down
20. chikanga
21. khunyu
22. matenda a fetal alcohol
23. fibromyalgia
24. matenda osalimba a X (FXS)
25. hemochromatosis
26. hemophilia
27. Matenda otupa (IBD)
28. kusowa tulo
29. jaundice mwa ana obadwa kumene
30. matenda a impso
31. kutsogolera poizoni
32. matenda a chiwindi
33. kupweteka kwa minofu (MD)
34. myalgic encephalomyelitis / matenda otopa (ME / CFS)
35. myelomeningocele (mtundu wa msana bifida)
36. kunenepa kwambiri
37. chachikulu thrombocythemia
38. psoriasis
39. matenda olanda
40. kuchepa kwa magazi pachikwere
41. mavuto ogona
42. nkhawa
43. mwatsatanetsatane lupus erythematosus (yotchedwanso lupus)
44. systemic sclerosis (yotchedwanso scleroderma)
45. matenda a temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
46. Matenda a Tourette (TS)
47. zoopsa kuvulala kwaubongo (TBI)
48. anam`peza matenda am`matumbo
49. kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya
50. Matenda a von Willebrand (VWD)

Mfundo yofunika

Bungwe la World Health Organisation lazindikira kuti matenda osapatsirana ndi omwe ali nkhawa yayikulu yazaumoyo komanso yomwe imayambitsa kufa kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi.

Zowopsa zambiri za matenda opatsirana ndizotheka kupewedwa. Zowopsa izi ndi izi:

• kusagwira ntchito
• kusuta fodya
• kumwa mowa
• zakudya zopanda thanzi (mafuta ambiri, shuga wosakanizidwa, ndi sodium, osadya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba pang'ono)

Zinthu zina, zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo cha kagayidwe kachakudya, zimatha kubweretsa matenda amadzimadzi. Matenda amadzimadzi amalumikizidwa ndi matenda amtima komanso matenda ashuga. Izi ndi monga:

• kuthamanga kwa magazi: Mamilimita 130/85 a mercury (mm Hg) kapena kupitilira pa nambala kapena zonse ziwiri
• HDL ("cholesterol yabwino"): osakwana mamiligalamu 40 pa deciliter (mg / dL) mwa amuna; ochepera 50 mg / dL mwa akazi
• triglycerides: wa 150 mg / dL kapena apamwamba
• kusala magazi m'magazi: 100 mg / dL kapena apamwamba
• m'chiuno kukula: akazi oposa mainchesi 35; oposa mainchesi 40 mwa amuna

Munthu amene ali ndi zoopsazi ayenera kuwathandiza kudzera kuchipatala komanso kusintha kwa moyo wake kuti athetse mavuto omwe angayambitse matenda osapatsirana.

Zowopsa zomwe munthu sangasinthe zimaphatikizapo zaka, jenda, mtundu, komanso mbiri yabanja.

Ngakhale matenda osapatsirana ndi zinthu zazitali zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kuchepetsa chiyembekezo cha moyo wa munthu, zimatha kuthandizidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala komanso kusintha kwa moyo.

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda osapatsirana, ndikofunikira kutsatira dongosolo lanu lakuchipatala kuti mukhalebe athanzi momwe mungathere.