About Nucleoside / Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

Zamkati

• Momwe HIV ndi NRTIs zimagwirira ntchito
• Ma NRTI omwe alipo
• Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Mitundu ya zotsatira zoyipa
• Kuopsa kwa zotsatirapo
• Kutenga

Chidule

HIV imalimbana ndi maselo amthupi mthupi. Kufalikira, kachilomboka kumafunika kulowa m'maselowa ndikudzipangira. Makopewo amatulutsidwa m'maselowa ndikupatsira ma cell ena.

HIV singachiritsidwe, koma nthawi zambiri imatha kuwongoleredwa.

Kuchiza ndi nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) ndi njira imodzi yothandizira kuletsa kachiromboka kubwereza ndikuchepetsa kachilombo ka HIV. Nazi zomwe ma NRTI ali, momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndi zovuta zomwe angayambitse.

Momwe HIV ndi NRTIs zimagwirira ntchito

NRTIs ndi amodzi mwa magulu asanu ndi limodzi a mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza HIV. Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV amalepheretsa kachilombo ka HIV kuti kachulukane kapena kuberekana. Pochiza HIV, ma NRTI amagwira ntchito poletsa enzyme HIV imayenera kudzipanga yokha.

Nthawi zambiri, kachilombo ka HIV kamalowa m'maselo ena amthupi omwe ali m'thupi. Maselowa amatchedwa ma CD4, kapena T cell.

HIV ikalowa m'maselo a CD4, kachilomboka kamayamba kudzikopera. Kuti ichite izi, iyenera kutengera RNA yake - kapangidwe kabwinobwino ka kachilomboka - mu DNA. Njirayi imatchedwa transcription yolemba ndipo imafuna enzyme yotchedwa reverse transcriptase.

Ma NRTI amaletsa kachilombo ka HIV kuti asatengere RNA yake kukhala DNA. Popanda DNA, kachilombo ka HIV sichingathe kupanga zokha.

Ma NRTI omwe alipo

Pakadali pano, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yavomereza ma NRTI asanu ndi awiri kuti amwe kachilombo ka HIV. Mankhwalawa amapezeka ngati mankhwala amtundu uliwonse komanso mosiyanasiyana. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• zidovudine (Retrovir)
• lamivudine (Epivir)
• abacavir sulphate (Ziagen)
• didanosine (Videx)
• didanosine yotulutsidwa mochedwa (Videx EC)
• stavudine (Zerit)
• emtricitabine (Emtriva)
• tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread)
• lamivudine ndi zidovudine (Combivir)
• abacavir ndi lamivudine (Epzicom)
• abacavir, zidovudine, ndi lamivudine (Trizivir)
• tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ndi emtricitabine (Truvada)
• tenofovir alafenamide ndi emtricitabine (Descovy)

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito

Ma NRT onsewa amabwera ngati mapiritsi omwe amatengedwa pakamwa.

Kuchiza ndi ma NRTIs nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kumwa ma NRTI awiri komanso mankhwala amodzi ochokera ku gulu lina la ma antiretroviral.

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzasankha chithandizo potengera zotsatira zoyesa zomwe zimapereka chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza momwe munthu alili. Ngati munthu ameneyo anamwako mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV m'mbuyomu, omwe amawathandiziranso azaumoyo adzaganiziranso izi posankha njira zamankhwala.

Mukalandira chithandizo cha HIV, mankhwalawa amafunika kumwa tsiku ndi tsiku monga momwe adalangizira. Iyi ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri yothandizira kuthana ndi HIV. Malangizo otsatirawa angathandize kutsata kutsatira mankhwala:

• Tengani mankhwala nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse.
• Gwiritsani ntchito bokosi lamapiritsi sabata iliyonse yomwe ili ndi zipinda za tsiku lililonse la sabata. Mabokosiwa amapezeka m'masitolo ambiri.
• Phatikizani kumwa mankhwala ndi ntchito zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala gawo lazomwe amachita tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Gwiritsani ntchito kalendala kuti aletse masiku omwe amamwa mankhwala.
• Ikani chikumbutso cha alamu pomwa mankhwalawo pafoni kapena pakompyuta.
• Tsitsani pulogalamu yaulere zomwe zimatha kukupatsani zikumbutso ikafika nthawi yoti mumwe mankhwala. Kusaka "mapulogalamu okumbutsani" kumakupatsani njira zambiri. Nawa ochepa oti ayesere.
• Funsani wachibale kapena mnzanu kuti akupatseni zikumbutso kumwa mankhwala.
• Konzani kuti mulandire zikumbutso za mameseji kapena pafoni kuchokera kwa wothandizira zaumoyo.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Ma NRTI amatha kuyambitsa mavuto. Zotsatira zina zimakhala zofala kuposa zina, ndipo mankhwalawa amatha kukhudza anthu osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Zomwe munthu aliyense amachita zimadalira gawo la mankhwala omwe wothandizirayo amapereka komanso mankhwala ena omwe munthuyo amamwa.

Mwambiri, ma NRTI atsopano, monga tenofovir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, ndi abacavir, amayambitsa zovuta zochepa kuposa ma NRTI akale, monga didanosine, stavudine, ndi zidovudine.

Mitundu ya zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa zambiri zimatha pakapita nthawi. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• mutu
• nseru
• kusanza
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kukhumudwa m'mimba

Komabe, zotsatira zina zoyipa zidanenedwapo. Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza:

• totupa kwambiri
• kuchepa kwa mafupa
• matenda atsopano a impso
• chiwindi steatosis (mafuta chiwindi)
• lipodystrophy (kugawa modabwitsa mafuta amthupi)
• zotsatira zamanjenje, kuphatikizapo nkhawa, chisokonezo, kukhumudwa, kapena chizungulire
• lactic acidosis

Ngakhale zotsatirazi sizofala, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zimatha kuchitika ndikukambirana ndi omwe amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala. Zotsatira zina zoyipa zimatha kupewedwa kapena kuwongoleredwa.

Aliyense amene akukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipazi ayenera kulumikizana ndi omwe amamukonda nthawi yomweyo kuti adziwe ngati akuyenera kupitiriza kumwa mankhwalawo. Sayenera kusiya kumwa mankhwalawo paokha.

Kulimbana ndi zovuta kumatha kukhala kosasangalatsa, koma kuyimitsa mankhwalawo kumatha kulola kuti kachilomboka kayamba kulimbana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawo akhoza kusiya kugwira ntchito komanso kuti apewetse kuti kachiromboko kasayambiranso. Wothandizira zaumoyo amatha kusintha kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala kuti achepetse zovuta.

Kuopsa kwa zotsatirapo

Chiwopsezo chazotsatira chitha kukhala chachikulu kutengera mbiri yazachipatala ya munthu komanso momwe amakhalira. Malinga ndi NIH, chiwopsezo cha zovuta zoyipa chimatha kukhala chachikulu ngati munthuyo:

• ndi wamkazi kapena wonenepa kwambiri (chiopsezo chokha chomwe chimakhala chachikulu ndi cha lactic acidosis)
• amatenga mankhwala ena
• ali ndi matenda ena

Komanso, uchidakwa umatha kuonjezera chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi. Munthu amene ali ndi zina mwaziwopsezozi ayenera kuyankhula ndi omwe amamuchitira chithandizo chamankhwala asanamwe NRTIs.

Kutenga

NRTIs ndi ena mwa mankhwala omwe athandiza kuti kasamalidwe ka kachirombo ka HIV kakhale kotheka. Kwa mankhwala ofunikirawa, mitundu yatsopano imayambitsa zovuta zochepa kuposa mitundu yam'mbuyomu, koma zotsatirapo zina zimatha kuchitika pamankhwala aliwonsewa.

Ndikofunikira kwa anthu omwe omwe amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala apereka ma NRTI kuti azitsatira ndondomeko yawo ya mankhwala yothetsera HIV. Ngati ali ndi zotsatirapo za mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV, akhoza kuyesa malangizo awa kuti achepetse zotsatirapo zake. Chofunika kwambiri, amatha kukambirana ndi omwe amawapatsa chithandizo chamankhwala, omwe atha kupanga malingaliro kapena kusintha njira yawo yothandizira kuti athetse mavuto.