Opaleshoni ya Bariatric: ndi chiyani, ndani angachite ndi mitundu yayikulu

Zamkati

• Ndani angachite opaleshoniyi
• Ubwino waukulu
• Mitundu ya opaleshoni ya bariatric
• 1. Gulu la m'mimba
• 2. Kulambalala chapamimba
• 3. Vertical gastrectomy
• 4. Biliopancreatic shunt
• Zowopsa zochitidwa opaleshoni

Kuchita opaleshoni ya Bariatric ndi mtundu wa opareshoni momwe dongosolo lam'mimba limasinthidwira kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa chakudya chololedwa m'mimba kapena kusintha njira yakudya yam'mimba, kuti muchepetse kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muchepetse kunenepa .

Chifukwa ndi mtundu wa opareshoni yomwe, nthawi zambiri, imakhala yovuta kwambiri, opareshoni ya bariatric imangowonetsedwa ngati njira yothandizira munthu atayesa kale njira zina zamankhwala koma osapeza zotsatira, kapena akakhala wonenepa kwambiri chiopsezo.

Chifukwa chake, asanachite opereshoni yamtunduwu, aliyense ayenera kuyezetsa magazi mosakakamira ndi gulu la akatswiri osiyanasiyana opangidwa ndi ochita opaleshoni, katswiri wazakudya, wama psychologist, katswiri wamtima ndi zina zamankhwala.

Ndani angachite opaleshoniyi

Kuchita opaleshoni ya Bariatric kumawonetsedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri kuposa grade II omwe sanawonetse zotsatira patatha miyezi ingapo akuchiritsidwa ndi zakudya zokwanira komanso zolimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.

Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumangowonetsedwa kwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 16 ndi 65, ndipo kumangowonetsedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Brazil ngati:

• BMI yofanana kapena yoposa 50 kg / m²;
• BMI yofanana kapena yopitilira 40 kg / m², yopanda kulemera ngakhale pakuwonetsetsa kwazachipatala ndi zakudya kwa zaka zosachepera 2;
• BMI yofanana kapena yoposa 35 kg / m² komanso kupezeka kwa matenda ena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mtima, monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda ashuga osalamulirika komanso cholesterol.

Nthawi yomweyo, Unduna wa Zaumoyo uwonetsanso zochitika zina zomwe opaleshoni ya bariatric imalefuka ndipo imaphatikizapo: kukhala ndi matenda amisala osalamulirika, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa; kukhala ndi matenda owopsa amtima kapena am'mapapo; kukhala ndi matenda oopsa pamagulu okhala ndi ma esophageal varices; kukhala ndi matenda otupa am'mimba kapena omwe akudwala Kusuta za khansa.

Onerani vidiyo yotsatirayi ndikuwona momwe opaleshoniyo ingachitikire:

Ubwino waukulu

Kuphatikiza pa kuchepa kwakukulu, opaleshoni ya bariatric imabweretsanso maubwino okhudzana ndi matenda omwe amakhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ndikuwongolera ndikuchiza matenda monga:

• Matenda oopsa;
• Kulephera kwamtima;
• Kulephera kupuma;
• Mphumu;
• Matenda ashuga;
• Cholesterol wokwera.

Kuchita opaleshoni yamtunduwu kumalumikizidwanso ndi maubwino ena azikhalidwe komanso zamaganizidwe, monga kuchepa kwa chiopsezo cha kukhumudwa komanso kudzidalira, kucheza ndi anthu komanso kuyenda.

Mitundu ya opaleshoni ya bariatric

Kuchita opaleshoni yamtunduwu kuyenera kusankhidwa limodzi ndi adotolo, kutengera matenda ndi zomwe amakonda. Opaleshoniyi imatha kuchitika ndikucheka pamimba kapena ndi videolaparoscopy, komwe kumangodulidwa pang'ono panthawi yochita opaleshoniyi:

1. Gulu la m'mimba

Uwu ndiye mtundu wovuta kwambiri wa opareshoni ya bariatric ndipo umakhala ndi kuyika gulu, looneka ngati mphete, mozungulira m'mimba, kotero kuti limachepa kukula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azidya zakudya zochepa komanso zopatsa mphamvu.

Nthawi zambiri, opaleshoni yamtunduwu imakhala ndi zovuta zochepa zathanzi ndipo imakhala ndi nthawi yochira mwachangu, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zosakhutiritsa pang'ono kuposa njira zina. Dziwani zambiri zakukhazikitsidwa kwamabande am'mimba.

2. Kulambalala chapamimba

Bypass ndi opaleshoni yovulaza yomwe dokotala amachotsa gawo lalikulu m'mimba ndikugwirizanitsa chiyambi chamatumbo ndi gawo lotsala la m'mimba, kuchepetsa malo omwe amapezeka chakudya ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu.

Kuchita opaleshoni yamtunduwu kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, kukulolani kuti muchepetse 70% ya kulemera koyamba, komabe kulinso ndi zoopsa zambiri ndikuchira pang'onopang'ono. Mvetsetsani bwino momwe kupyola m'mimba kumachitikira.

3. Vertical gastrectomy

Mosiyana ndi kulambalala chapamimba, mumtundu wa opareshoni yamtunduwu, womwe ungathenso kudziwika kuti "opaleshoni ya wamanja", dokotalayo amasunga kulumikizana kwachilengedwe kwa m'mimba ndi matumbo, ndikuchotsa gawo limodzi m'mimba kuti likhale laling'ono kuposa labwinobwino, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma calories omwe adamwa.

Kuchita opaleshoniyi kuli ndi zoopsa zochepa poyerekeza ndi kulambalala, koma imakhalanso ndi zotsatira zochepa zokhutiritsa, kulola kutaya pafupifupi 40% ya kulemera koyamba, kukhala kofanana ndi gulu la m'mimba. Onani momwe opaleshoni yamtunduwu imachitikira.

4. Biliopancreatic shunt

Pochita opaleshoniyi, gawo la m'mimba komanso matumbo ang'onoang'ono amachotsedwa, omwe ndi dera lalikulu lomwe limayamwa michere. Mwanjira imeneyi, gawo lalikulu la chakudyacho silidyekezedwa kapena kulowetsedwa, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu pazakudya.

Komabe, ndipo ngakhale gawo lalikulu la m'matumbo limachotsedwa, bile imapitilizabe kutulutsa chidutswa choyamba cha m'matumbo chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi gawo lomaliza lamatumbo ang'onoang'ono, kuti pasakhale zosokoneza pakuyenda ya bile, ngakhale kuti chakudya sichikudutsanso mbali yoyambirira yamatumbo yaying'ono.

Zowopsa zochitidwa opaleshoni

Kuopsa kochita opaleshoni ya bariatric kumalumikizidwa makamaka ndi kuchuluka komanso kuopsa kwa matenda omwe amakhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, zovuta zazikulu kukhala:

• Kuphatikizika kwa m'mapapo, komwe kumatseketsa mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapu, kumayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri komanso kupuma movutikira;
• Kutuluka magazi mkati malo opareshoni;
• Fistula, omwe ndi matumba ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala mkati mwamalo am'deralo;
• Kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba ndi chimbudzi chamagazi.

Zovuta izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi yogonera kuchipatala, ndipo zimathetsedwa mwachangu ndi gulu lazachipatala. Komabe, kutengera kuopsa kwa zizindikirazo, kungafunikire kuchita opareshoni yatsopano kuti athetse vutoli.

Kuphatikiza apo, zimadziwika kuti pambuyo poti opareshoni ya bariatric, odwala amakhala ndi zovuta pazakudya monga kuchepa magazi, folic acid, calcium ndi vitamini B12, komanso kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumathanso kuvuta kwambiri.

Kuti muchiritse msanga komanso kuti muchepetse zovuta, onani chakudya chomwe chiyenera kukhala pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya bariatric.