Chamawonedwe Neuritis

Zamkati

• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha optic neuritis?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa optic neuritis?
• Kodi zizindikiro za optic neuritis ndi ziti?
• Kodi optic neuritis imapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi mankhwala a optic neuritis ndi ati?
• Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?

Kodi optic neuritis ndi chiyani?

Mitsempha ya optic imanyamula zidziwitso kuchokera kumaso kwanu kupita kuubongo wanu. Optic neuritis (ON) ndipamene mitsempha yanu yamagetsi imayamba kutentha.

ON imatha kutuluka mwadzidzidzi kuchokera ku matenda kapena matenda amitsempha. Kutupa nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kutayika kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kumachitika m'diso limodzi lokha. Omwe ali ndi ON nthawi zina amamva kupweteka.Mukachira ndipo kutupa kumatha, masomphenya anu akhoza kubwerera.

Zinthu zina zimabweretsa zizindikilo zomwe zimafanana ndi za ON. Madokotala atha kugwiritsa ntchito optical coherence tomography (OCT) kapena magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kuti athandizire kupeza matenda oyenera.

ON sikuti pamafunika chithandizo nthawi zonse ndipo imatha kudzichiritsa yokha. Mankhwala, monga corticosteroids, amatha kuthandiza kuchira msanga. Ambiri omwe amakhala ndi ON amakhala ndi chiyembekezo chokwanira (kapena chotsirizira) m'masiku awiri kapena atatu, koma zimatha kutenga miyezi 12 kuti akwaniritse bwino.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha optic neuritis?

Muli okonzeka kukula ngati:

• ndiwe wamkazi wazaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 45
• mwapezeka kuti muli ndi multiple sclerosis (MS)
• mumakhala kumtunda wapamwamba (mwachitsanzo, Northern United States, New Zealand)

Nchiyani chimayambitsa optic neuritis?

Zomwe zimayambitsa ON sizimamveka bwino. Nthawi zambiri ma idiopathic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti alibe chifukwa chodziwikiratu. Chifukwa chodziwika kwambiri ndi MS. M'malo mwake, ON nthawi zambiri chimakhala chizindikiro choyamba cha MS. ON amathanso kukhala chifukwa cha matenda kapena chitetezo cha mthupi.

Matenda amitsempha omwe angayambitse ON ndi awa:

• MS
• neuromyelitis optica
• Matenda a Schilder (matenda osatha omwe amayamba ali mwana)

Matenda omwe angayambitse ON ndi awa:

• matumba
• chikuku
• chifuwa chachikulu
• Matenda a Lyme
• tizilombo encephalitis
• sinusitis
• meninjaitisi
• zomangira

Zina mwazifukwa za ON ndizo:

• sarcoidosis, matenda omwe amachititsa kutupa m'ziwalo zosiyanasiyana
• Matenda a Guillain-Barre, matenda omwe chitetezo chamthupi chanu chimagunda dongosolo lanu lamanjenje
• postcaccination reaction, immune reaction kutsatira katemera
• mankhwala ena kapena mankhwala

Kodi zizindikiro za optic neuritis ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zitatu zodziwika za ON ndi izi:

• kutayika kwamaso m'diso limodzi, komwe kumatha kusiyanasiyana ndi kufatsa ndipo kumatha masiku 7 mpaka 10
• kupweteka kwa pariocular, kapena kupweteka mozungulira diso lanu lomwe nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa diso
• dyschromatopsia, kapena kulephera kuwona mitundu molondola

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• kujambula, kuwona magetsi owala (kuchokera mbali) m'maso amodzi kapena onse awiri
• zosintha momwe mwana amakhudzidwira ndi kuwala kowala
• Chodabwitsa cha Uhthoff (kapena chizindikiro cha Uhthoff), pomwe masomphenya amakula ndikuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi

Kodi optic neuritis imapezeka bwanji?

Kuyezetsa thupi, zizindikilo, ndi mbiri yazachipatala ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a ON. Kuti muwonetsetse chithandizo choyenera, dokotala wanu akhoza kuyesa zina kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa ON.

Mitundu yamatenda omwe angayambitse optic neuritis ndi monga:

• kuchotsa matenda, monga MS
• autoimmune neuropathies, monga systemic lupus erythematosus
• zovuta za neuropathies, monga meningioma (mtundu wa chotupa chaubongo)
• zotupa, monga sarcoidosis
• matenda, monga sinusitis

ON ali ngati kutupa kwa mitsempha yamawonedwe. Zomwe zili ndi zizindikilo zofanana ndi ON zomwe sizopsa ndizo:

• anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
• leber cholowa chamawonedwe neuropathy

Chifukwa cha ubale wapakati pa ON ndi MS, dokotala wanu angafune kuyesa izi:

• Kujambula kwa OCT, komwe kumayang'ana mitsempha kumbuyo kwa diso lanu
• Kujambula kwa ubongo kwa MRI, komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito maginito ndi mafunde a wailesi kuti apange chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha ubongo wanu
• CT scan, yomwe imapanga chithunzi cha X-ray cha ubongo wanu kapena ziwalo zina za thupi lanu

Kodi mankhwala a optic neuritis ndi ati?

Milandu yambiri ya ON imachira popanda chithandizo. Ngati ON yanu ili chifukwa cha vuto lina, kuchitira vutoli nthawi zambiri kumathetsa ON.

Chithandizo cha ON chimaphatikizapo:

• mitsempha ya methylprednisolone (IVMP)
• mtsempha wamagazi immunoglobulin (IVIG)
• jakisoni wa interferon

Kugwiritsa ntchito corticosteroids monga IVMP kumatha kukhala ndi zovuta. Zotsatira zoyipa za IVMP zimaphatikizapo kukhumudwa kwakukulu ndi kapamba.

Zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala a steroid ndi awa:

• kusokonezeka kwa tulo
• kusinthasintha mtima
• kukhumudwa m'mimba

Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ON adzakhala ndi gawo lakwaniritsa kumaliza kwawo kuwona mkati mwa miyezi 6 mpaka 12. Pambuyo pake, mitengo ya machiritso imachepa ndipo kuwonongeka kumakhala kosatha. Ngakhale atachira bwino, ambiri azingowonongekerabe mitsempha yawo yamawonedwe.

Diso ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mthupi. Lembani zidziwitso zakuwonongeka kwamuyaya ndi dokotala wanu asanasinthike. Zizindikiro izi zikuphatikiza kuwona kwanu kukukulira kwa milungu yopitilira iwiri osasintha pakatha milungu isanu ndi itatu.