Oral vs. Jekeseni Wothandizidwa ndi MS: Kodi Pali Kusiyana Pati?

Zamkati

• Kusankha mankhwala a MS
• Mankhwala odzipangira okha
• Avonex (interferon beta-1a)
• Betaseron (interferon beta-1b)
• Copaxone (glatiramer nthochi)
• Zowonjezera (interferon beta-1b)
• Glatopa (glatiramer nthochi)
• Plegridy (pegylated interferon beta-1a)
• Rebif (interferon beta-1a)
• Mitsempha yolowetsa mkati
• Lemtrada (alemtuzumab)
• Mitoxantrone hydrochloride
• Ocrevus (ocrelizumab)
• Tysabri (natalizumab)
• Mankhwala apakamwa
• Aubagio (teriflunomide)
• Gilenya (fingolimod)
• Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate)
• Kutenga

Chidule

Multiple sclerosis (MS) ndimatenda amthupi momwe chitetezo chamthupi chimagwirira chophimba cha myelin cha mitsempha yanu. Pamapeto pake, izi zimawononga mitsempha yokha.

Palibe mankhwala a MS, koma chithandizo chitha kuthandiza kuthana ndi zizindikirazo ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa.

Mankhwala osinthira matenda (DMTs) adapangidwa kuti achepetse kupitilira kwa matendawa, kuchepetsa kubwereranso, komanso kupewa kuwonongeka kwatsopano kuti kusachitike.

DMTs imatha kutengedwa pakamwa kapena jekeseni. Jekeseni amatha kudzipangira jakisoni kunyumba kapena kupatsidwa mankhwala olowerera mkati mwazachipatala.

Mankhwala am'kamwa ndi jakisoni ali ndi maubwino komanso zotsatirapo zake. Ambiri amabwera ndi machenjezo ochokera ku Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Kusankha mankhwala a MS

Pali zifukwa zambiri zofunika kuziganizira mukamasankha pakati pa mankhwala akumwa ndi jakisoni. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala akumwa amatengedwa tsiku lililonse, pomwe mankhwala ambiri ojambulidwa samamwa pafupipafupi.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuthandizani kuti muwone zoopsa zomwe zingapindule ndi zomwe mungachite.

Zomwe mumakonda ndizofunikira pakusankha kwamankhwala. Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira ndi izi:

• mphamvu ya mankhwala
• zotsatira zake zoyipa
• pafupipafupi Mlingo
• njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala

Mankhwala odzipangira okha

Mankhwala odzipangira okha ndi omwe amapanga gulu lalikulu kwambiri la DMTs. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kwa nthawi yayitali kwa MS (RRMS) yobwereranso.

Katswiri wa zamankhwala amakuphunzitsani njira yopangira jekeseni kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino mlingo wanu. Ambiri mwa mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa kufiira, kutupa, ndi kupweteka pamalo obayira, kuphatikiza pazotsatira zina.

Avonex (interferon beta-1a)

• Phindu: imagwira ntchito ngati immune modulator, ili ndi zida zowononga ma virus
• Mlingo wafupipafupi ndi njira: mlungu uliwonse, jekeseni wamitsempha
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: mutu, zizindikiro ngati chimfine
• Machenjezo ndi awa: michere ya chiwindi ndikuwerengera magazi kwathunthu (CBC) angafunike kuyang'aniridwa

Betaseron (interferon beta-1b)

• Phindu: imagwira ntchito ngati immune modulator, ili ndi zida zowononga ma virus
• Mlingo wafupipafupi ndi njira: tsiku lililonse, jakisoni wocheperako
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: Zizindikiro zonga chimfine, kuchuluka kwa magazi oyera (WBC)
• Machenjezo ndi awa: michere ya chiwindi ndi CBC angafunike kuyang'aniridwa

Copaxone (glatiramer nthochi)

• Phindu: imagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo chamthupi, chimatsekereza myelin
• Mlingo wafupipafupi ndi njira: tsiku kapena katatu pa sabata, jakisoni wamagetsi
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: kuthamanga, kupuma movutikira, zidzolo, kupweteka pachifuwa
• Machenjezo ndi awa: malo obayira jekeseni amatha kukhala osazolowereka chifukwa minofu yamafuta yawonongeka (chifukwa chake, kusunthika mosamala kwa malo obayira kumalimbikitsa)

Zowonjezera (interferon beta-1b)

• Phindu: imagwira ntchito ngati immune modulator, ili ndi zida zowononga ma virus
• Mlingo wafupipafupi ndi njira: tsiku lililonse, jakisoni wocheperako
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: zizindikiro ngati chimfine, mutu
• Machenjezo ndi awa: michere ya chiwindi ndi CBC angafunike kuyang'aniridwa

Glatopa (glatiramer nthochi)

• Phindu: imagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo chamthupi, chimatsekereza myelin
• Mlingo wafupipafupi ndi njira: tsiku lililonse, subcutaneous jakisoni
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: kufiira, kutupa, kupweteka pamalo obayira
• Machenjezo ndi awa: malo obayira jekeseni amatha kukhala osazolowereka chifukwa minofu yamafuta yawonongeka (chifukwa chake, kusunthika mosamala kwa malo obayira kumalimbikitsa)

Plegridy (pegylated interferon beta-1a)

• Phindu: imagwira ntchito ngati immune modulator, ili ndi zida zowononga ma virus
• Mlingo wafupipafupi ndi njira: milungu iwiri iliyonse, jakisoni wamagetsi
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: zizindikiro ngati chimfine
• Machenjezo ndi awa: Mavitamini a chiwindi angafunikire kuyang'aniridwa

Rebif (interferon beta-1a)

• Phindu: imagwira ntchito ngati immune modulator, ili ndi zida zowononga ma virus
• Mlingo wafupipafupi ndi njira: katatu pa sabata, jakisoni wamagetsi
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: zizindikiro ngati chimfine
• Machenjezo ndi awa: Mavitamini a chiwindi angafunikire kuyang'aniridwa

Mitsempha yolowetsa mkati

Mtundu wina wa jakisoni wothandizira MS ndikulowetsedwa m'mitsempha. M'malo molowa m'dongosolo lanu mozungulira kapena mwakachetechete, infusions amalowa m'mitsempha.

The infusions ayenera kuperekedwa m'malo azachipatala ndi akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino. Mlingo sunaperekedwe pafupipafupi.

Kulowetsedwa m'matumbo kumatha kubweretsa chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matendawa kuphatikiza pazotsatira zina.

Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus) ndi mankhwala okhawo omwe amavomerezedwa ndi FDA kwa anthu omwe ali ndi MS (PPMS) yoyamba. Amavomerezanso kuchiza RRMS.

Lemtrada (alemtuzumab)

• Phindu: Imapondereza maselo amthupi am'mimba
• Mlingo pafupipafupi: tsiku lililonse kwa masiku asanu; chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, tsiku lililonse kwa masiku atatu
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: nseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, mutu, zidzolo, kuyabwa
• Machenjezo ndi awa: zingayambitse khansa ndi idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (IPT), matenda otuluka magazi

Mitoxantrone hydrochloride

Mankhwalawa amapezeka ngati mankhwala wamba.

• Phindu: imagwira ntchito ngati immune modulator komanso suppressor
• Mlingo pafupipafupi: kamodzi miyezi itatu iliyonse (malire amoyo wa 8 mpaka 12 infusions pazaka ziwiri kapena zitatu)
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: kutayika tsitsi, nseru, amenorrhea
• Machenjezo ndi awa: zingayambitse mtima ndi khansa ya m'magazi; Zoyenera kokha kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la RRMS, chifukwa chowopsa cha zovuta zoyipa

Ocrevus (ocrelizumab)

• Phindu: amalimbana ndi ma B, omwe ndi ma WBC omwe amawononga mitsempha
• Mlingo pafupipafupi: masabata awiri kupatukana kwa Mlingo woyamba woyamba; miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse pamayeso onse amtsogolo
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: zizindikiro ngati chimfine, matenda
• Machenjezo ndi awa: zimatha kuyambitsa khansa ndipo, nthawi zina, zimayambitsa kulowetsedwa koopsa

Tysabri (natalizumab)

• Phindu: Imaletsa mamolekyulu omatira, omwe amasokoneza chitetezo chamthupi
• Mlingo pafupipafupi: milungu inayi iliyonse
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: mutu, kupweteka kwa mafupa, kutopa, kukhumudwa, kusapeza m'mimba
• Machenjezo ndi awa: atha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda a leukoencephalopathy (PML), omwe amatha kupha ubongo

Mankhwala apakamwa

Ngati simuli omasuka ndi singano, pali njira zakumwa zochizira MS. Kutengedwa tsiku ndi tsiku kapena kawiri tsiku lililonse, mankhwala akumwa ndiosavuta kudzipatsa koma amafuna kuti musunge dosing.

Aubagio (teriflunomide)

• Phindu: imagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo chamthupi, imalepheretsa kuchepa kwa mitsempha
• Mlingo pafupipafupi: tsiku ndi tsiku
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: kupweteka kwa mutu, kusintha kwa chiwindi (monga chiwindi chokulitsa kapena ma enzyme okwera kwambiri a chiwindi), nseru, kutaya tsitsi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa WBC
• Machenjezo ndi awa: zingayambitse kuvulala kwakukulu kwa chiwindi ndi zilema zobereka

Gilenya (fingolimod)

• Phindu: amalepheretsa maselo a T kuti asatuluke ma lymph node
• Mlingo pafupipafupi: tsiku ndi tsiku
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: Zizindikiro ngati chimfine, michere yokwera ya chiwindi
• Machenjezo ndi awa: zingayambitse kusintha kwa magazi, chiwindi, komanso kugwira ntchito kwa mtima

Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate)

• Phindu: ali ndi zotsutsana ndi zotupa, amateteza mitsempha ndi myelin kuti zisawonongeke
• Mlingo pafupipafupi: kawiri patsiku
• Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza: kusintha kwa m'mimba, kuchepa kwa WBC kuwerengera, michere yokwera ya chiwindi
• Machenjezo ndi awa: Zingayambitse thupi lawo siligwirizana, kuphatikizapo anaphylaxis

Kutenga

Cholinga cha chithandizo cha MS ndikuthana ndi zizolowezi, kuwongolera kubwerera m'mbuyo, ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa.

Mankhwala ojambulidwa a MS amabwera m'njira ziwiri: kudzipangira jakisoni ndi kulowetsedwa m'mitsempha. Majekeseni ambiri sayenera kumwedwa nthawi zambiri monga mankhwala akumwa, omwe amatengedwa tsiku lililonse.

Mankhwala onse a MS ali ndi maubwino, zotsatirapo zake, komanso kuopsa kwake. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti mutenge chithandizo chanu monga mwalamulo, mosasamala kanthu za chithandizo chomwe mulipo.

Ngati zotsatirapo zake ndizokwanira kuti musiye kumwa mankhwala, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Amatha kukuthandizani kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri kwa inu.