Kuchiza kwa Osteoporosis

Zamkati

• Kufooka kwa mafupa
• Zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zoopsa
• Mankhwala a kufooka kwa mafupa
• Bisphosphonates
• Antibody
• Denosumab
• Wachinyamata
• Mankhwala okhudzana ndi mahomoni
• Kusankha ma modulators a estrogen receptor (SERMs)
• Calcitonin
• Mahomoni a Parathyroid (PTHs)
• Thandizo la mahomoni
• Calcium ndi vitamini D
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Chiwonetsero

Mfundo zachangu

1. Osteoporosis ndimkhalidwe womwe mafupa anu amathanso kufulumira kuposa momwe amamangidwanso.
2. Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo kuphatikiza mankhwala komanso kusintha kwa moyo.
3. Njira yowopsa kwambiri yopewera kuwonongeka kwa mafupa ndikumwa mankhwala akuchipatala.

Kufooka kwa mafupa

Mafupa m'thupi lanu ndimatenda amoyo omwe amangowonongeka nthawi zonse ndikusintha zina zatsopano. Ndi kufooka kwa mafupa, mafupa anu amathanso kufulumira kuposa momwe amabwerera. Izi zimawapangitsa kuti azikhala ocheperako, owopsa, komanso owopsa.

Izi zimafooketsa mafupa anu ndipo zimatha kubweretsa kuphwanya ndi kuphwanya.

Palibe mankhwala ochiritsira kufooka kwa mafupa, koma pali mankhwala othandizira kupewa ndi kuchiza akapezeka. Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuteteza ndikulimbitsa mafupa anu.

Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo kuphatikiza mankhwala komanso kusintha kwa moyo kuti zithandizire kuchepa kwamafupa ndi thupi lanu, ndipo nthawi zina, kumanganso fupa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zoopsa

Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi mafupa komanso kuchuluka kwawo kwambiri ali ndi zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 20. Mukamakalamba, mumataya fupa lakale mwachangu kuposa momwe thupi lanu lingalichotsere. Chifukwa cha izi, okalamba ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kufooka kwa mafupa.

Azimayi amakhalanso ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda a kufooka kwa mafupa chifukwa amakhala ndi mafupa owonda kuposa amuna. Estrogen, hormone yomwe imapezeka m'magulu apamwamba kuposa amayi, imathandiza kuteteza mafupa.

Azimayi omwe akudutsa kusamba amakhala ndi kuchepa kwa ma estrogen, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafupa awonongeke kwambiri ndipo zitha kupangitsa mafupa.

Zowopsa zina ndizo:

• kusuta
• mankhwala ena, monga steroids, proton pump inhibitors, ndi mankhwala ena olanda
• kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi
• matenda ena, monga nyamakazi (RA) ndi myeloma yambiri

Mankhwala a kufooka kwa mafupa

Njira yowopsa kwambiri yopewera kuwonongeka kwa mafupa ndikumwa mankhwala akuchipatala, monga mankhwala omwe ali pansipa.

Bisphosphonates

Bisphosphonates ndiwo mankhwala ofala kwambiri a kufooka kwa mafupa. Ndiwo mankhwala oyamba omwe amalimbikitsidwa azimayi omwe atha msinkhu.

Zitsanzo za bisphosphonates ndi monga:

• alendronate (Fosamax), mankhwala akumwa omwe anthu amatenga tsiku lililonse kapena kamodzi pa sabata
• ibandronate (Boniva), yomwe imapezeka ngati piritsi lapakamwa pamwezi kapena ngati jakisoni wolowerera yemwe mumalandira kanayi pachaka
• risedronate (Actonel), yomwe imapezeka tsiku lililonse, sabata iliyonse, kapena pamwezi piritsi
• zoledronic acid (Reclast), yomwe imapezeka ngati kulowetsedwa m'mitsempha komwe mumalandira kamodzi pachaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri

Antibody

Pali mankhwala awiri oteteza pamsika.

Denosumab

Denosumab (Prolia) amalumikizana ndi protein m'thupi lanu yomwe imakhudzidwa ndikuwonongeka kwa mafupa. Imachedwetsa njira ya kuwonongeka kwa mafupa. Zimathandizanso kukhalabe ndi mafupa.

Denosumab imabwera ngati jakisoni yomwe mumalandira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse.

Wachinyamata

Watsopano antibody romosozumab (Evenity) amathandizira kukulitsa mafupa. Idavomerezedwa ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mu Epulo la 2019. Amapangidwira azimayi omwe atha msinkhu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chophwanyika. Izi zikuphatikiza azimayi omwe:

• ali ndi zifukwa zoopsa zophulika
• khalani ndi mbiri yakuphwanya
• sanayankhe kapena sangamwe mankhwala ena a kufooka kwa mafupa

Romosozumab imabwera ngati jakisoni awiri. Mumawapeza kamodzi pamwezi kwa miyezi 12.

Romosozumab amabwera ndi machenjezo a nkhonya, omwe ndi machenjezo akulu a FDA. Ikhoza kuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha matenda a mtima, kupwetekedwa mtima, ndi matenda a mtima. Simuyenera kutenga romosozumab ngati mwadwala matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko mchaka chatha.

Mankhwala okhudzana ndi mahomoni

Mankhwala angapo omwe ali ndi zovuta zonga mahomoni atha kulembedwa kuti athetse kufooka kwa mafupa.

Kusankha ma modulators a estrogen receptor (SERMs)

Kusankha ma estrogen modulators (SERMs) amabwerezanso zotsatira zoteteza mafupa a estrogen.

Raloxifene (Evista) ndi mtundu umodzi wa SERM. Ipezeka ngati piritsi lamlomo tsiku lililonse.

Calcitonin

Calcitonin ndi timadzi timene timatulutsa chithokomiro. Zimathandizira kuwongolera magawo a calcium m'thupi.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito synthetic calcitonin (Fortical, Miacalcin) kuchiza kufooka kwa msana kwa azimayi ena omwe sangatenge bisphosphonates.

Calcitonin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba zilembo, imathandizanso kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi vuto lothana ndi msana. Calcitonin imapezeka ndi mphuno kapena jekeseni wamphongo.

Mahomoni a Parathyroid (PTHs)

Mahomoni a Parathyroid (PTHs) amayang'anira calcium ndi phosphate m'magulu anu. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi PTH amatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mafupa.

Zosankha ziwiri ndizo:

• Mtsogoleri (Forteo)
• abaloparatide (Tymlos)

Teriparatide imapezeka ngati jakisoni wodziyendetsa tsiku ndi tsiku. Komabe, mankhwalawa ndi okwera mtengo ndipo nthawi zambiri amasungidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ofooka kwa mafupa omwe salekerera mankhwala ena.

Abaloparatide ndi mankhwala ena opangira PTH omwe adavomerezedwa mu 2017. Monga teriparatide, mankhwalawa amapezeka ngati jakisoni wodziyendetsa tsiku ndi tsiku. Komabe, ndiokwera mtengo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kufooka kwa mafupa kwambiri ngati mankhwala ena siabwino.

Thandizo la mahomoni

Kwa amayi akutha msambo, chithandizo cha mahomoni - chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti mankhwala osinthira mahomoni - ndi njira yothandizira. Koma kawirikawiri, madokotala saigwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yoyamba yodzitetezera chifukwa imatha kuonjezera chiwopsezo cha:

• sitiroko
• matenda amtima
• khansa ya m'mawere
• kuundana kwamagazi

Thandizo la mahomoni limavomerezedwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito popewa kufooka kwa mafupa, koma litha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala.

Thandizo la mahomoni lingaphatikizepo estrogen yokha, kapena estrogen kuphatikiza ndi progesterone. Imabwera ngati piritsi lakamwa, chigamba cha khungu, jakisoni, ndi zonona. Mapiritsi ndi zigamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Kutengedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, mapiritsiwa ndi awa:

• Premarin
• Menest
• Estrace

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata, zigamba ndizo:

• Climara
• Vivelle-Dot
• Minivelle

Calcium ndi vitamini D

Ngakhale mutamwa mankhwala aliwonse omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti mupeze calcium ndi vitamini D wambiri pazakudya zanu. Ndi chifukwa chakuti mcherewu ndi vitamini pamodzi zingathandize kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mafupa.

Calcium ndiye mchere woyamba m'mafupa anu, ndipo vitamini D imathandizira thupi lanu kuyamwa calcium yomwe imafunikira.

Zakudya zolemera kwambiri za calcium zimaphatikizapo:

• zopangidwa ndi mkaka
• masamba obiriwira obiriwira
• kulemeretsa mbewu ndi mikate
• mankhwala a soya

Maphala ambiri ndi timadziti ta lalanje tsopano zikupezeka ndi calcium yowonjezera.

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) imalimbikitsa kuti azimayi azaka zapakati pa 19-50 ndi azaka zapakati pa 19-70 ayenera kulandira mamiligalamu 1,000 (mg) a calcium patsiku.

Amalimbikitsa kuti azimayi azaka zapakati pa 51-70 ndipo aliyense wazaka zopitilira 70 azilandira calcium yokwanira 1,200 mg patsiku.

NIAMS imalimbikitsanso kuti achikulire omwe ali ndi zaka zopitirira 70 ayenera kulandira mayunitsi 600 apadziko lonse (IU) a vitamini D patsiku. Akuluakulu azaka zopitilira 70 ayenera kupeza mavitamini D 800 IU patsiku.

Ngati simukupeza calcium yokwanira kapena vitamini D wokwanira kuchokera pazakudya zanu, mutha kumwa zowonjezera kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwalandira ndalama zomwe mukufuna.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kulimbitsa mafupa anu. Mulimonse momwe zilili, masewera olimbitsa thupi amathandizira kuchepa kwa mafupa okalamba komanso amatha kusintha pang'ono mafupa nthawi zina.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso kuti mukhale okhazikika komanso kuti mukhale olimba, kuchepetsa ngozi yakugwa. Kugwa pang'ono kungatanthauze kuthyoka pang'ono.

Kuphunzitsa mphamvu kumapindulitsa mafupa m'manja mwanu komanso kumtunda. Izi zitha kutanthauza zolemera zaulere, makina olemera, kapena magulu olimbana nawo.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi monga kuyenda kapena kuthamanga, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi otsika pang'ono monga maphunziro a elliptical kapena njinga, amathanso kukhala othandiza. Zonsezi zitha kuthandiza kulimbitsa mafupa amiyendo, chiuno, komanso msana.

Chiwonetsero

Osteoporosis imakhudza anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ngakhale kulibe mankhwala, mankhwala alipo. Mankhwala, chithandizo cha mahomoni, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kulimbitsa mafupa anu ndikuchepetsa kutaya mafupa.

Ngati muli ndi matenda otupa mafupa, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Kambiranani za chithandizo chilichonse ndi kusintha kwa moyo. Pamodzi, mutha kusankha njira yamankhwala yomwe ingakuthandizeni.