Abwenzi okhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV

Zamkati

• Onetsetsani kuti bwenzi lanu likuyang'anira HIV yawo
• Imwani mankhwala a HIV kupewa HIV
• Pewani
• PEP
• Dziwani za chiopsezo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogonana
• Gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo
• Musagawane masingano obaya
• Kutenga

Chidule

Chifukwa chakuti wina ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sikutanthauza kuti amayembekezera kuti wokondedwa wawo akhale katswiri pa izo. Koma kumvetsetsa za HIV komanso momwe mungapewere kupezeka ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhalebe ndiubwenzi wabwino.

Afunseni mafunso kuti muphunzire za zomwe kukhala ndi vutoli kumatanthauza. Pitirizani kulankhulana momasuka ndikukambirana za chikhumbo chofuna kutenga nawo mbali poyang'anira kachilombo ka HIV.

Kuthandizira ena kumathandizanso kuti munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV azisamalira bwino zaumoyo wake. Izi zitha kukonza thanzi lawo lonse.

Ubale wabwino ungaphatikizepo:

• Kuthandiza mnzanu kutsatira mankhwala ake, ngati kuli kofunikira
• kuyankhula ndi wothandizira zaumoyo za preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kapena postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala
• kukambirana ndikusankha njira zabwino zopewera zomwe anthu onse ali pachibwenzi

Kutsatira malingaliro onsewa kumachepetsa mwayi wopatsirana kachirombo ka HIV, kuchepetsa mantha opanda maziko mothandizidwa ndi maphunziro, komanso kutheketsa thanzi la onse omwe ali pachibwenzi.

Onetsetsani kuti bwenzi lanu likuyang'anira HIV yawo

HIV ndi matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV. Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV amateteza kachilomboka pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamapezeka m'magazi, omwe amadziwikanso kuti kuchuluka kwa ma virus. Mankhwalawa amachepetsanso kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka m'madzi ena amthupi monga umuna, kumatako kapena kumaliseche kwamadzimadzi.

Kusamalira HIV kumafunikira chidwi. Mankhwala ayenera kutengedwa monga momwe wothandizira zaumoyo akuuzira. Kuphatikiza apo, kusamalira kachilombo ka HIV kumatanthauza kupita kwa wothandizira zaumoyo pafupipafupi momwe angakulimbikitsireni.

Pochiza kachilombo ka HIV ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV, anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amatha kusamalira thanzi lawo ndikupewa chiopsezo chotenga kachiromboka. Cholinga cha chithandizo cha kachilombo ka HIV ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV mthupi mpaka kufika pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma virus.

Malinga ndi a, munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV yemwe alibe chiwopsezo chambiri sangafalitse HIV kwa ena. Amatanthauzira kuchuluka kwa ma virus osawoneka ngati ochepera 200 pamililita imodzi yamagazi.

Thandizo lomwe munthu wopanda HIV angapereke wokondedwa wake yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV lingasokoneze momwe mnzake yemwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV amasamalirira thanzi lake. Kafukufuku mu Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes kuti ngati amuna kapena akazi okhaokha "akugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti akwaniritse cholinga," munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amakhala wotsatila ndi chisamaliro cha HIV m'mbali zonse.

Chithandizochi chingalimbikitsenso ubale wina. m'magazini yomweyi idapeza kuti chizolowezi chamankhwala chomwe chimaphatikizapo anthu onsewa chitha kulimbikitsa mnzake yemwe alibe HIV kuti azimuthandiza.

Imwani mankhwala a HIV kupewa HIV

Anthu omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV angafune kulingalira za mankhwala opewera HIV kuti apewe chiopsezo chotenga HIV. Pakadali pano pali njira ziwiri zopewera HIV ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV. Imodzi mwa mankhwalawa amatengedwa tsiku lililonse, ngati njira yodzitetezera. Wina amatengedwa atatha kupezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Pewani

PrEP ndi mankhwala otetezera anthu omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV koma ali pachiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV. Ndi mankhwala apakamwa kamodzi tsiku lililonse omwe amaletsa HIV kuti isatenge maselo amthupi. US Prestive Services Task Force (USPSTF) imalimbikitsa anthu onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Ngati munthu wopanda HIV agonana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kutenga PrEP kumachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga HIV. PrEP ndichinthu chosankhika ngati mukugonana ndi wokondedwa wanu yemwe sakudziwika.

CDC imati PrEP ichepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV pogonana kuposa.

Ndondomeko ya PrEP imakhudza:

• Maulendo okhazikika azachipatala. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyezetsa matenda opatsirana pogonana (STIs) ndikukhala ndi impso mosamala.
• Kuwonetsedwa kachilombo ka HIV. Kuyeza kumachitika musanalandire mankhwala komanso pakatha miyezi itatu iliyonse.
• Kumwa mapiritsi tsiku lililonse.

PrEP itha kukhala ndi inshuwaransi. Anthu ena atha kupeza pulogalamu yomwe imathandizira mankhwalawa. Webusaitiyi Chonde PrEP Me imapereka maulalo kuzipatala ndi omwe amapereka omwe amapereka PrEP, komanso zambiri zokhudzana ndi inshuwaransi komanso njira zolipira kwaulere kapena zotsika mtengo.

Kuphatikiza pa kumwa PrEP, ganiziraninso njira zina, monga kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu. PrEP imatenga sabata imodzi kapena itatu kuti ipereke chitetezo, kutengera zogonana. Mwachitsanzo, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti mankhwalawa akhale othandiza poteteza nyini kufalikira kwa kachirombo ka HIV kusiyana ndi momwe anachitira. Komanso PrEP sateteza ku matenda ena opatsirana pogonana.

PEP

PEP ndi mankhwala akumwa atamwa mutagonana ngati pakhala pali chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV. Izi zitha kuphatikizira nthawi pamene:

• kondomu imang'ambika
• kondomu sinagwiritsidwe ntchito
• wina wopanda HIV amakumana ndi magazi kapena madzi amthupi ochokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV komanso kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV
• wina wopanda HIV amakumana ndi magazi kapena madzi amthupi ochokera kwa munthu yemwe sakudziwika kuti ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV

PEP imathandiza pokhapokha ngati mutamwa mkati mwa maola 72 mutakumana ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Iyenera kumwedwa tsiku lililonse, kapena monga mwanjira ina, masiku 28.

Dziwani za chiopsezo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogonana

Kugonana kumatako kumawonjezera mwayi wa HIV kuposa mtundu wina uliwonse wogonana. Pali mitundu iwiri yogonana. Kugonana kumatako kolandilidwa, kapena kukhala pansi, ndipamene mbolo ya mnzako imalowera kumtunda. Kugonana kumatako popanda kondomu kumawerengedwa kuti ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Kukhala pamwamba panthawi yogonana kumadziwika kuti kugonana kosaloledwa. Kugonana kumatako popanda kondomu ndi njira ina yopezera HIV. Komabe, chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV motere ndi chochepa poyerekeza ndi kugonana kwa abambo kumatako.

Kugonana ndi akazi kumaliseche kuli ndi chiopsezo chochepa chotengera kachilombo ka HIV kuposa kugonana kumatako, komabe ndikofunikira kudziteteza kudzera munjira zogwiritsa ntchito kondomu moyenera.

Ngakhale ndizosowa kwambiri, ndizotheka kutenga kachilombo ka HIV pogonana m'kamwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kapena chotchinga cha latex panthawi yogonana mkamwa kungachepetsenso chiopsezo chotenga matenda opatsirana pogonana. Njira ina ndiyo kupewa kugonana m'kamwa pamaso pa zilonda zamaliseche kapena zam'kamwa.

Gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo

Kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu panthawi yogonana kumachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachirombo ka HIV. Makondomu amatetezeranso kumatenda opatsirana pogonana.

Phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kondomu moyenera kuti muchepetse mpata womwe ungaphwanye kapena kusokonekera mukamagonana.Gwiritsani kondomu yopangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba monga latex. Pewani zopangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti sateteza kufala kwa HIV.

Mafuta otsekemera amathanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chowonekera. Izi ndichifukwa choti amaletsa makondomu kuti asalephereke. Amatha kuchepetsa kukangana ndikuchepetsa mwayi wa misozi yaying'ono kwambiri mumtsinje kapena kumaliseche.

Posankha choyatsira:

• Sankhani mafuta okhala ndi madzi kapena silicone.
• Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta okhala ndi makondomu a latex popeza amanyoza lalabala. Mafuta opaka mafuta amaphatikizapo Vaselini ndi mafuta odzola.
• Musagwiritse ntchito mafuta okhala ndi nonoxynol-9. Zitha kukhala zokhumudwitsa ndipo zitha kuwonjezera mwayi wofalitsa kachilombo ka HIV.

Musagawane masingano obaya

Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito singano pobayira mankhwala, ndikofunikira kuti musagawe singano kapena ma syringe ndi aliyense. Kugawana singano kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha HIV.

Kutenga

Pogonana ndi kondomu, ndizotheka kukhala ndi chibwenzi chokwanira komanso chokwanira ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Kumwa mankhwala oteteza monga PrEP kapena PEP kumachepetsa mwayi wopezeka ndi HIV.

Ngati wina yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali ndi kachilombo kosadziwika, sangathe kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV kwa ena. Iyi ndi njira ina yofunika kwambiri yomwe bwenzi lomwe lilibe HIV limatetezedwa ku kachilomboka.