Onetsani Ophunzira

Zamkati

• Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimakonda kuphunzitsa ophunzira?
• Zizindikiro zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuloza ophunzira
• Chithandizo
• Kodi muyenera kufunafuna thandizo liti?
• Zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera mukazindikira
• Chiwonetsero

Kodi kuloza ophunzira ndi chiyani?

Ophunzira omwe amakhala ocheperako poyatsa mwachilengedwe amatchedwa pinpoint ophunzira. Mawu ena ake ndi myosis, kapena miosis.

Wophunzira ndiye gawo la diso lanu lomwe limayang'anira momwe kuwala kumalowera.

Mukuwala kowala, ophunzira anu amakhala ocheperako (constrict) kuti achepetse kuchuluka komwe kumalowera. Mumdima, ana anu amakula (otanuka). Izi zimapereka kuwala kochuluka, komwe kumathandizira masomphenya ausiku. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pamakhala nthawi yosintha mukalowa mchipinda chamdima. Ndi chifukwa chake maso anu amakhala osamala pambuyo poti dokotala wanu wamaso awachepetsa patsiku lowala.

Kupanikizika kwa ophunzira ndi kuchepa ndizosokoneza mwadzidzidzi. Dokotala akakakuyanikirani m'maso mutavulala kapena kudwala, ndikuwona ngati ophunzira anu akukumana ndi kuwala.

Kupatula kuyatsa, ophunzira amatha kusintha kukula potengera zoyambitsa zina. Mwachitsanzo, ophunzira anu atha kukula pamene muli okondwa kapena mutakhala tcheru. Mankhwala ena amatha kupangitsa ophunzira anu kukula, pomwe ena amawapangitsa kukhala ocheperako.

Mwa akuluakulu, ophunzira nthawi zambiri amayesa pakati powala kwambiri. Mumdima, nthawi zambiri amayeza pakati pa 4 ndi 8 millimeter.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimakonda kuphunzitsa ophunzira?

Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe munthu angakhale nacho kuti adziwe ophunzira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opweteka a mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala ena m'banja la opioid, monga:

• codeine
• fentanyl
• hydrocodone
• oxychodone
• morphine
• methadone
• heroin

Zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa ana osinkhasinkha ndizo:

• Kutulutsa magazi mumtsuko wamagazi muubongo (kuphulika kwa magazi m'mimba): Kuthamanga kwa magazi kosalamulirika (kuthamanga kwa magazi) ndiye chifukwa chodziwika kwambiri cha izi.
• Matenda a Horner (Horner-Bernard syndrome kapena oculosympathetic palsy): Ili ndi gulu lazizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi vuto la mitsempha pakati paubongo ndi mbali imodzi ya nkhope. Sitiroko, chotupa, kapena kuvulala kwa msana kumatha kubweretsa matenda a Horner. Nthawi zina chifukwa chake sichingadziwike.
• Anterior uveitis, kapena kutupa kwapakati pa diso: Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakupsinjika kwa diso kapena kupezeka kwa chinthu chachilendo m'diso. Zimayambitsa zina nyamakazi, nyongolotsi, ndi rubella. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chake sichingadziwike.
• Kuwonetsedwa ndi mankhwala amitsempha monga sarin, soman, tabun, ndi VX: Izi sizinthu zachilengedwe zokha. Amapangidwira nkhondo zamankhwala. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amathanso kupangitsa ophunzira kudziwa.
• Madontho ena amaso, monga pilocarpine, carbachol, echothiophate, demecarium, ndi epinephrine, amathanso kupangitsa ophunzira kuzindikira.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zochepa zimaphatikizapo:

• mankhwala ena, monga clonidine wa kuthamanga kwa magazi, lomotil wa kutsekula m'mimba, ndi phenothiazines pamavuto ena amisala monga schizophrenia
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga bowa
• matenda amanjenje
• tulo tofa nato

Zizindikiro zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuloza ophunzira

Onetsani ophunzira ndi chizindikiro, osati matenda. Zizindikiro zogwirizana nazo zitha kupereka chidziwitso pazomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.

Ngati mutenga ma opioid, mutha kupezanso:

• kugona
• nseru ndi kusanza
• kusokonezeka kapena kusakhala tcheru
• delirium
• kuvuta kupuma

Zizindikiro zimadalira kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe mumamwa komanso kuti mumamwa kangati. Pakapita nthawi, kugwiritsa ntchito opioid kumatha kuchepetsa ntchito yamapapo. Zizindikiro zomwe mungakhale osokoneza bongo ndi monga:

• kulakalaka kwambiri mankhwalawa
• Kufunika mlingo waukulu kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna
• mavuto kunyumba, pantchito, kapena pamavuto azachuma chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Kutuluka kwa magazi m'mimba kumatha kuyambitsa mutu, nseru, ndi kusanza, ndipo kumatha kutsatiridwa ndi kutaya chidziwitso.

Ngati ophunzira anu akuwunika chifukwa cha matenda a Horner, mutha kukhala ndi chikope chotsamira ndikuchepa thukuta mbali imodzi ya nkhope yanu. Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Horner amatha kukhala ndi iris imodzi yomwe imakhala yowala kwambiri kuposa inayo.

Zizindikiro zina zakunja kwa uveitis zimaphatikizapo kufiira, kutupa, kusawona bwino, komanso kuzindikira kwamphamvu.

Mitsempha ingayambitsenso kuthyola, kusanza, kugwidwa, ndi kukomoka.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa mate, kung'ambika, kukodza kwambiri, kutsekula m'mimba, ndi kusanza.

Chithandizo

Palibe chithandizo makamaka kwa ana osinira chifukwa si matenda. Komabe, chitha kukhala chizindikiro cha chimodzi. Matendawa adzakuthandizani posankha chithandizo chamankhwala.

Pakachitika opioid overdose, ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otchedwa naloxone kuti athetse mavuto omwe angawopsyeze opioid. Ngati mumakonda, dokotala wanu akhoza kukuthandizani kuti muime bwino.

Nthawi zina, kukha magazi m'mimba kumafunikira kuchitira opaleshoni. Chithandizo chidzaphatikizaponso njira zothandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Palibe chithandizo cha matenda a Horner. Zitha kukhala bwino ngati chifukwa chake chingadziwike ndikuchiritsidwa.

Corticosteroids ndi mafuta ena apakhungu ndimankhwala othandizira anterior uveitis. Njira zowonjezera zitha kukhala zofunikira ngati chifukwa chake chatsimikizika kuti ndi matenda.

Poizoni wa tizilombo titha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala otchedwa pralidoxime (2-PAM).

Kodi muyenera kufunafuna thandizo liti?

Ngati muli ndi ophunzira osonyeza zifukwa zosadziwika, onani dokotala wanu wamaso kapena dokotala wamkulu. Ndi njira yokhayo yomwe mungapezere matenda oyenera.

Kupitirira muyeso kwa opioid kumatha kupha. Zizindikirozi, zomwe zitha kuwonetsa kuti ndi osokoneza bongo, zimafunikira chithandizo chadzidzidzi:

• nkhope ndiyotumbululuka kapena yowuma
• zikhadabo ndi zofiirira kapena zamtambo
• thupi limakhala lopunduka
• kusanza kapena kugundana
• kuchepa kwa mtima
• kupuma pang'ono kapena kupuma movutikira
• kutaya chidziwitso

Zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera mukazindikira

Momwe dokotala wanu amafotokozera matendawa zimadalira chithunzi chachikulu. Zizindikiro zogwirizana nazo ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndikuwunika kuyezetsa matenda.

Ngati mukuyendera dokotala wa maso chifukwa ana anu samawoneka abwinobwino, mwina mudzayesedwa kwathunthu. Izi ziphatikizanso kuchepa kwa ophunzira kuti adotolo azitha kuwona mkati mwa diso lanu.

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, mayeso ena opatsirana angaphatikizepo:

• kujambula kwa maginito (MRI)
• tomography yamakompyuta (CT)
• X-ray
• kuyesa magazi
• kuyesa mkodzo
• Kuwunika kwa poizoni

Chiwonetsero

Maganizo amatengera zomwe zimayambitsa ndi chithandizo.

Kuti mukhale ndi opioid overdose, momwe mumachira bwino komanso zitenga nthawi yayitali zimadalira:

• kaya munasiya kupuma kapena mulibe mpweya wautali
• ngati ma opioid anali osakanikirana ndi zinthu zina ndi zomwe zinthuzo zinali
• kaya mwakhala mukuvulala kapena kuwonongeka kwamitsempha kapena kupuma kwamuyaya
• ngati muli ndi matenda ena
• mukapitiliza kumwa ma opioid

Ngati munakhalapo ndi vuto la opioid kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, onetsani madokotala anu izi mukamafuna chithandizo, makamaka kupweteka. Kuledzera ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limafunikira chidwi kwakanthawi.

Kubwezeretsa magazi m'mimba kumasiyana pakati pa munthu ndi munthu. Zambiri zimatengera momwe mudalandirira chithandizo mwachangu komanso momwe mungachepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Popanda chithandizo, anterior uveitis imatha kuwononga maso anu mpaka kalekale. Chifukwa chodwala, anterior uveitis imatha kukhala vuto lobwerezabwereza. Anthu ambiri amalabadira chithandizo.

Poizoni wa tizirombo titha kupha ngati sitikuchiritsidwa moyenera. Ngati mukuganiza kuti inu kapena munthu wina yemwe mumamudziwa wapatsidwa mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndikofunikira kupita kuchipatala mwachangu kuchipatala chapafupi.