Kuyesa kwa PPD: ndi chiyani, momwe zimachitikira ndi zotsatira zake

Zamkati

• Momwe mayeso a PPD amachitikira
• Zotsatira za mayeso a PPD

PPD ndiyeso yoyenera kuyezetsa kuti mudziwe kupezeka kwa kachilombo ka Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu ndipo, motero, amathandizira kupeza matenda a chifuwa chachikulu. Kawirikawiri, kuyezaku kumachitika kwa anthu omwe adalumikizana mwachindunji ndi odwala omwe ali ndi bakiteriya, ngakhale atakhala kuti sakuwonetsa zizindikiro za matendawa, chifukwa chokaikira kuti kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chifuwa chachikulu, pomwe mabakiteriya amaikidwa koma ali sichinayambitse matendawa. Dziwani zomwe zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu.

Kuyesa kwa PPD, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kuyezetsa khungu la tuberculin kapena kuyankha kwa Mantoux, kumachitika m'ma laboratories osanthula zamankhwala kudzera mu jakisoni yaying'ono yokhala ndi mapuloteni ochokera ku mabakiteriya omwe ali pakhungu, ndipo ayenera kuyesedwa ndikutanthauziridwa makamaka ndi pulmonologist kuti athe Matenda olondola.

PPD ikakhala kuti ilipo pamakhala mwayi woti ungadetsedwe ndi mabakiteriya. Komabe, kuyesa kwa PPD kokha sikokwanira kutsimikizira kapena kupatula matendawa, chifukwa chake ngati akuganiza kuti ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu, adotolo ayenera kuyitanitsa mayeso ena, monga chifuwa cha X-ray kapena mabakiteriya a sputum, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe mayeso a PPD amachitikira

Kuyezetsa kwa PPD kumachitika mu labotale yosanthula zamankhwala kudzera mu jakisoni wa puroteni yoyeretsedwa (PPD), ndiye kuti, mapuloteni oyeretsedwa omwe amapezeka pamwamba pa bakiteriya wa chifuwa chachikulu. Mapuloteniwa amayeretsedwa kuti matendawa asakule mwa anthu omwe alibe mabakiteriya, komabe, mapuloteniwo amakhudzidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kapena omwe adalandira katemera.

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumanja chakumanzere ndipo zotsatira zake zimayenera kutanthauziridwa patatha maola 72 kuchokera pomwe agwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe ndi nthawi yomwe zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimachitika. Chifukwa chake, patatha masiku atatu kuchokera pomwe puloteni ya chifuwa chachikulu yagwiritsidwa ntchito, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tibwerere kwa dokotala kuti tikadziwe zotsatira za kuyezetsa, komwe kuyenera kuganiziranso zizindikilo zomwe munthuyo wapereka.

Kuti mutenge mayeso a PPD sikoyenera kusala kapena kulandira chisamaliro chapadera, zimangolimbikitsidwa kudziwitsa adotolo ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala.

Mayesowa atha kuchitidwa kwa ana, amayi apakati kapena anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chodetsa nkhawa, komabe, sayenera kuchitidwa kwa anthu omwe atha kuyanjana kwambiri ndi matenda, monga necrosis, zilonda zam'mimba kapena mantha owopsa a anaphylactic.

Zotsatira za mayeso a PPD

Zotsatira za mayeso a PPD zimadalira kukula kwa zomwe zimachitika pakhungu, monga zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi, chifukwa chake, zitha kukhala:

• Mpaka 5mm: Mwambiri, zimawonedwa ngati zoyipa choncho, sizikuwonetsa kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka TB, kupatula pazochitika zina;
• 5 mm mpaka 9 mm: ndi zotsatira zabwino, zomwe zikuwonetsa matenda a bakiteriya a chifuwa chachikulu, makamaka ana osakwana zaka 10 omwe sanalandire katemera kapena katemera wa BCG kwa zaka zopitilira 2, anthu omwe ali ndi HIV / AIDS, omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka kapena omwe ali ndi zipsera za chifuwa chachikulu pa radiograph chifuwa;
• 10 mm kapena kuposa: zotsatira zabwino, zosonyeza matenda a bakiteriya a chifuwa chachikulu.

Kukula kwakusintha pakhungu la PPD

Nthawi zina, kupezeka kwa khungu lomwe limaposa 5 mm sizitanthauza kuti munthuyo ali ndi kachilombo ka mycobacterium kamene kamayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe adalandira katemera wa chifuwa chachikulu cha TB (BCG) kapena omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wina wa mycobacteria, atha kukumana ndi khungu mayeso atachitika, amatchedwa zotsatira zabodza.

Zotsatira zabodza, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi mabakiteriya, koma sizimayankha mu PPD, zitha kuchitika ngati anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka, monga anthu omwe ali ndi Edzi, khansa kapena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, Kuphatikiza pa kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi, azaka zopitilira 65, kusowa madzi m'thupi kapena matenda ena akulu.

Chifukwa cha mwayi wazotsatira zabodza, chifuwa chachikulu sichiyenera kupezedwa pongoyesa mayeso awa okha. Pulmonologist ayenera kupempha mayeso ena kuti atsimikizire matendawa, monga chifuwa cha radiology, mayeso a immunological ndi smear microscopy, komwe kumayesa labotale momwe zitsanzo za wodwalayo, nthawi zambiri zimakhalira, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire ma bacilli omwe amayambitsa matendawa. Kuyesaku kuyeneranso kulamulidwa ngakhale PPD ilibe, chifukwa kuyesa uku kokha sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupatula matendawa.