Mwana wakhanda asanakwane

Zamkati

• Zomwe zimayambitsa kubadwa msanga
• Zovuta zathanzi m'mwana wakhanda asanakwane
• Kuchiza khanda msanga
• Kuwonera kwakanthawi kwa makanda asanakwane
• Kupewa kubadwa msanga

Chidule

Kubadwa kumatengedwa msanga, kapena msanga, pamene kumachitika sabata la 37 lisanachitike. Mimba yabwinobwino imakhala pafupifupi masabata makumi anayi.

Masabata omalizirawa m'mimba ndi ofunikira kuti munthu azilemera bwino komanso kuti ziwalo zonse zofunika, kuphatikizapo ubongo ndi mapapo zikule bwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake makanda akhanda msanga atha kukhala ndi mavuto azachipatala ambiri ndipo angafunike kukhala kuchipatala nthawi yayitali. Amathanso kukhala ndi mavuto azaumoyo okhalitsa, monga kulephera kuphunzira kapena kupunduka.

M'mbuyomu, kubadwa ana asanakwane ndi komwe kunayambitsa kufa kwa makanda ku United States. Masiku ano, chisamaliro cha ana obadwa kumene chikukula, monganso momwe ana obadwa masiku asanakwane amapulumukira. Komabe kubadwa msanga ndi komwe kumayambitsa kufa kwa makanda padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi. Ndiwonso omwe amachititsa kuti ana azisokonezeka nthawi yayitali.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kubadwa msanga

Zomwe zimayambitsa kubadwa msanga nthawi zambiri sizidziwika. Komabe, zifukwa zina zimadziwika kuti zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha amayi chopita kuntchito msanga.

Mayi woyembekezera yemwe ali ndi zinthu izi akhoza kubadwa msanga:

• matenda ashuga
• matenda amtima
• matenda a impso
• kuthamanga kwa magazi

Zinthu zokhudzana ndi mimba zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kubadwa msanga ndi monga:

• zakudya zoperewera musanakhale ndi pakati
• kusuta fodya, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena kumwa mowa kwambiri panthawi yapakati
• Matenda ena, monga kwamikodzo ndi amniotic nembanemba matenda
• msanga kubadwa mu mimba yapita
• chiberekero chachilendo
• khomo lachiberekero lofooka limayamba msanga

Amayi apakati amakhalanso ndi mwayi woperekera msanga ngati ali ochepera zaka 17 kapena kupitilira 35.

Zovuta zathanzi m'mwana wakhanda asanakwane

Mwana akabadwa msanga, amakhala ndi zovuta zambiri zamankhwala. Mwana wakhanda asanabadwe amatha kuwonetsa izi akangobadwa:

• kuvuta kupuma
• otsika kulemera
• mafuta ochepa thupi
• Kulephera kukhalabe ndi kutentha kwa thupi nthawi zonse
• zocheperako kuposa zachilendo
• mayendedwe ndi mgwirizano
• zovuta ndi kudyetsa
• khungu loyera kapena lachikasu modabwitsa

Makanda asanakwane amathanso kubadwa ali ndi ziwopsezo zowopsa pamoyo wawo. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• kukha mwazi muubongo, kapena kutuluka magazi muubongo
• Kutaya magazi m'mapapo, kapena kutuluka magazi m'mapapu
• hypoglycemia, kapena shuga wotsika magazi
• neonatal sepsis, matenda a bakiteriya m'magazi
• chibayo, matenda ndi kutupa kwa mapapo
• patent ductus arteriosus, dzenje losatsekedwa mumtsuko waukulu wamagazi wamtima
• kuchepa magazi m'thupi, kusowa kwa magazi ofiira onyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse
• matenda opatsirana opatsirana pogonana, matenda opuma omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mapapo omwe sanakule bwino

Ena mwa mavutowa amatha kuthetsedwa mwa kusamalira moyenera mwana wakhanda. Zina zimatha kupundula kapena kudwala kwanthawi yayitali.

Madokotala amayesa mayeso osiyanasiyana kwa ana akhanda asanabadwe atangobereka kumene. Mayesowa amathandiza kuchepetsa mavuto azovuta. Madokotala amayang'aniranso makanda mosalekeza akakhala kuchipatala.

Mayeso wamba amaphatikizapo:

• X-ray pachifuwa kuti muwone kukula kwa mtima ndi mapapo
• kuyezetsa magazi kuti athe kuyesa kuchuluka kwa glucose, calcium, ndi bilirubin
• kusanthula mpweya wamagazi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa mpweya wamagazi

Kuchiza khanda msanga

Madokotala amayesetsa kuletsa kubadwa msanga mwa kupatsa amayi mankhwala ena omwe angachedwetse kubereka.

Ngati kubereka msanga sikungayimitsidwe kapena mwana akuyenera kubadwa asanakwane, madokotala amakonzekera kubadwa koopsa. Mayi angafunike kupita kuchipatala chomwe chili ndi chipinda chosamalirira cha khanda (NICU). Izi zidzaonetsetsa kuti khanda lilandila chithandizo nthawi yomweyo akabadwa.

M'masiku ndi milungu ingapo yoyambirira yamwana wakhanda asanabadwe, chisamaliro cha chipatala chimayang'ana kwambiri pakuthandizira kukula kwa ziwalo. Mwana wakhanda amatha kusungidwa m'kati mwa kutentha. Zida zowunikira zimatsata kugunda kwa mtima wa mwana, kupuma, komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wamagazi. Pakhoza kukhala milungu kapena miyezi mwana asanakhale ndi moyo popanda thandizo la mankhwala.

Ana ambiri asanakwane sangadye pakamwa chifukwa sangathe kulumikizana ndi oyamwa ndi kumeza. Ana awa amapatsidwa zakudya zofunikira kudzera m'mitsempha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chubu cholowetsedwa kudzera m'mphuno kapena mkamwa komanso m'mimba. Mwana akakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuyamwa ndi kumeza, kuyamwitsa kapena kuyamwitsa botolo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotheka.

Mwana wakhanda msanga atha kupatsidwa mpweya ngati mapapu ake sanakule bwino. Kutengera momwe khanda limapumira palokha, chimodzi mwazomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuperekera mpweya:

• makina opumira, makina amene amapopa mpweya kulowa ndi kutuluka m'mapapu
• kupitiriza kuthamanga kwa mpweya wabwino, chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuti mpweya usatseguke
• oxygen hood, chipangizo chomwe chimakwanira pamutu wa khanda kuti apereke mpweya

Nthawi zambiri, khanda lomwe latsala pang'ono kubadwa limatha kutulutsidwa mchipatala nthawi yomweyo:

• kuyamwitsa kapena kuyamwitsa botolo
• pumani popanda kuthandizidwa
• sungani kutentha kwa thupi ndi kulemera kwa thupi

Kuwonera kwakanthawi kwa makanda asanakwane

Makanda asanakwane nthawi zambiri amafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amayamba miyoyo yawo ku NICU. NICU imapereka malo omwe amaletsa kupsinjika kwa mwana. Zimaperekanso kutentha, chakudya, komanso chitetezo chofunikira pakukula bwino.

Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa posamalira amayi ndi ana obadwa kumene, kuchuluka kwa ana akhanda asanabadwe kwasintha. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi omwe apeza kuti kuchuluka kwa ana obadwa asanakwane masabata 28, omwe amawerengedwa kuti asanakwane kwambiri, kudakwera kuchoka pa 70% mu 1993 mpaka 79% mu 2012.

Ngakhale zili choncho, makanda onse obadwa masiku asanakwane amakhala pachiwopsezo cha zovuta zazitali. Mavuto otukuka, azachipatala, komanso machitidwe amatha kupitilira kuyambira ali mwana. Ena amatha kupunduka mpaka kalekale.

Mavuto omwe amakhala nawo kwakanthawi kochepa obwera chifukwa chobadwa msanga, makamaka kusakhwima kwenikweni, ndi awa:

• mavuto akumva
• kutaya masomphenya kapena khungu
• kulephera kuphunzira
• kulemala kwa thupi
• kukula kochedwa komanso kusagwirizana bwino

Makolo a makanda akhanda msanga amayenera kusamala ndi chidwi cha mwana wawo wamaganizidwe ndi chitukuko cha magalimoto. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukwaniritsa maluso ena, monga kumwetulira, kukhala pansi, ndi kuyenda.

Kulankhula ndi kukula kwamakhalidwe ndizofunikanso kuwunika. Ana ena asanakwane amafunikira chithandizo chalankhulidwe kapena chithandizo chamthupi kuyambira ali ana.

Kupewa kubadwa msanga

Kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala msanga komanso moyenera kumachepetsa kwambiri mwayi wobadwa msanga. Njira zina zofunika zodzitetezera ndi monga:

Kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi musanakhale ndi pakati. Onetsetsani kuti mukudya mbewu zonse, mapuloteni owonda, masamba, ndi zipatso.Kutenga folic acid ndi calcium zowonjezera ndikulimbikitsanso kwambiri.

Kumwa madzi ambiri tsiku lililonse. Ndalama zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa ndi magalasi asanu ndi atatu patsiku, koma mudzafuna kumwa kwambiri mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kutenga aspirin tsiku lililonse kuyambira trimester yoyamba. Ngati muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena mbiri yakubadwa msanga, dokotala angakulimbikitseni kuti mutenge ma aspirin mamiligalamu 60 mpaka 80 tsiku lililonse.

Kusiya kusuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zochita izi panthawi yapakati zimatha kubweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta zina zobadwa komanso kupita padera.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati muli ndi nkhawa zobadwa msanga. Dokotala wanu akhoza kupereka njira zowonjezera zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuchepetsa chiopsezo chobereka msanga.