Kodi Magulu Akulimbana Ndi Kugonana Kwa Freud Ndi Ati?

Zamkati

• Kodi lingaliro ili lidachokera kuti?
• Gawo lirilonse limalumikizidwa ndi mkangano winawake
• Ndikotheka "kukakamira" ndikusiya kupita patsogolo
• Gawo lamlomo
• Gawo lanyimbo
• Gawo lakumaliseche
• Oedipus zovuta
• Electra zovuta
• Gawo la latency
• Gawo loberekera
• Kodi pali zotsutsa zilizonse zofunika kuziganizira?
• Ndiye, chiphunzitsochi chikugwirabe ntchito bwanji masiku ano?
• Kodi pali ziphunzitso zina zofunika kuziganizira?
• Mfundo yofunika

Munamvapo mawu akuti "kaduka ka mbolo," "Oedipal complex," kapena "kukonza pakamwa"?

Onsewa adapangidwa ndi Sigmund Freud wodziwika bwino wama psychoanalyst monga gawo la malingaliro ake okhudzana ndi chitukuko.

Sitinama - popanda PhD mu psychology yaumunthu, malingaliro a Freud amatha kumveka ngati ochuluka kwambiri maganizo.

Osadandaula! Takhazikitsa phunziroli kuti tikuthandizireni kumvetsetsa za kukula kwa malingaliro ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Kodi lingaliro ili lidachokera kuti?

"Chiphunzitsochi chinachokera ku Freud koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ngati njira yodziwira ndikufotokozera matenda amisala komanso kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe," akufotokoza zamaganizidwe a Dana Dorfman, PhD.

Gawo lirilonse limalumikizidwa ndi mkangano winawake

Chiphunzitsochi chimakhala chochulukirapo kuposa keke yaukwati, koma chimatsimikizira izi: Zosangalatsa zakugonana ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa anthu.

Malinga ndi Freud, mwana aliyense "wathanzi" amasintha magawo asanu:

• pakamwa
• kumatako
• maliseche
• zobisika
• maliseche

Gawo lirilonse limalumikizidwa ndi gawo lina la thupi, kapena makamaka, malo owopsa.

Chigawo chilichonse chimabweretsa chisangalalo ndi mikangano panthawi yake.

"Kutha kwa mwana kuthetsa kusamvana kumeneku kumatsimikizira ngati adakwanitsa kupita pagawo lotsatira," akufotokoza motero mlangizi waluso Dr. Mark Mayfield, woyambitsa ndi CEO wa Mayfield Counselling Center.

Ndikotheka "kukakamira" ndikusiya kupita patsogolo

Ngati mungathetse mkanganowu munthawi ina, mumapita patsogolo.

Koma ngati china chasokonekera, Freud adakhulupirira kuti mukhala komwe muli.

Mutha kukhala osasunthika, osapitilira gawo lotsatira, kapena kupita patsogolo koma mumawonetsa zotsalira kapena zovuta zosasinthidwa kuyambira gawo lapitalo.

Freud amakhulupirira kuti panali zifukwa ziwiri zomwe anthu adakanirira:

1. Zosowa zawo zakukula sizinakwaniridwe mokwanira panthawiyo, zomwe zidapangitsa kukhumudwa.
2. Zosowa zawo zakukula zinali kotero anakumana bwino kuti sanafune kuchoka kudziko lodzikongoletsa.

Zonsezi zitha kubweretsa zomwe amachitcha kuti "kukonza" pamalo owopsa omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi siteji.

Mwachitsanzo, munthu "wokhazikika" pakamwa amatha kusangalala kwambiri kukhala ndi zinthu pakamwa.

Gawo lamlomo

• Mtundu wazaka: Kubadwa kwa chaka chimodzi
• Malo opatsa mphamvu: Pakamwa

Mofulumira: Ganizani za mwana. Mwayi mukuwonetsedwa ngati wachinyengo pang'ono atakhala pamphumi lawo, akumwetulira, ndikuyamwa zala zawo.

Malingana ndi Freud, panthawi yoyamba ya chitukuko, libido ya munthu ili pakamwa pawo. Kutanthauza kuti pakamwa ndiye gwero lalikulu la chisangalalo.

"Gawo ili limalumikizidwa ndi kuyamwitsa, kuluma, kuyamwa, ndikuwunika dziko poyika zinthu pakamwa," akutero Dr. Dorfman.

Lingaliro la Freud limanena kuti zinthu monga kupukuta chingamu mopitirira muyeso, kuluma misomali, ndi kuyamwa zala zazikuluzikulu zimayambira pakukhutiritsa pang'ono kapena kochuluka pakamwa ngati mwana.

"Kudya mopitirira muyeso, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, komanso kusuta fodya amanenanso kuti zimayamba chifukwa cha kukula koyambirira kwa gawo lino," akutero.

Gawo lanyimbo

• Mtundu wazaka: 1 mpaka 3 wazaka
• Malo opatsa mphamvu: anus ndi chikhodzodzo

Kuyika zinthu mu ngalande ya kumatako kumatha kutchuka, koma panthawiyi chisangalalo sichimachokera pakuyika kulowa, koma kukankha kuchokera, anus.

Ee, ndiye nambala yoti agwiritse pooping.

Freud amakhulupirira kuti panthawiyi, maphunziro a potty ndi kuphunzira kuyendetsa matumbo anu ndi chikhodzodzo ndizomwe zimabweretsa chisangalalo komanso mavuto.

Maphunziro a chimbudzi kwenikweni ndi kholo louza mwana nthawi ndi komwe angathere, ndipo ndikumakumana koyamba ndi munthu ndiulamuliro.

Chiphunzitsochi chimati momwe kholo limayendera njira yophunzitsira chimbudzi zimakhudza momwe wina amathandizira ndi akuluakulu akamakula.

Maphunziro okhwima am'madzi amalingaliridwa kuti amapangitsa kuti achikulire azikhala osasamala kumatako: okonda kuchita zinthu mosalakwitsa, otanganidwa ndi ukhondo, ndikuwongolera.

Maphunziro aufulu, mbali inayi, akuti amapangitsa kuti munthu azichotsa kumatako: wosokonekera, wosakhazikika, wochulukitsa, komanso kukhala ndi malire olakwika.

Gawo lakumaliseche

• Mtundu wazaka: 3 mpaka 6 wazaka
• Malo opatsa mphamvu: maliseche, makamaka mbolo

Monga momwe mungaganizire kuchokera pa dzinali, gawo ili limakhudza kukhazikika pa mbolo.

Freud adati kwa anyamata achichepere, izi zimatanthawuza kukhudzidwa ndi mbolo yawo.

Kwa atsikana achichepere, izi zidatanthawuza kukhazikika pamfundo yoti alibe mbolo, zomwe adazitcha kuti "kaduka ka mbolo."

Oedipus zovuta

Malo ovuta a Oedipus ndi amodzi mwa malingaliro otsutsana kwambiri a Freud.

Zimatengera nthano yachi Greek pomwe wachinyamata wotchedwa Oedipus amapha abambo ake kenako nkukakwatira amayi ake. Akazindikira zomwe wachita, amatulutsa maso.

“Freud ankakhulupirira kuti mnyamata aliyense amakopeka ndi amayi ake,” akulongosola motero Dr. Mayfield.

Ndipo kuti mwana aliyense wamwamuna amakhulupirira kuti ngati abambo ake adadziwa, abambo ake amuchotsera zomwe mwana wamng'ono amakonda kwambiri padziko lapansi: mbolo yake.

Apa ndi pomwe pali nkhawa yakutaya.

Malinga ndi a Freud, pamapeto pake anyamata amasankha kukhala abambo awo - potengera - m'malo molimbana nawo.

Freud adatcha ichi "chizindikiritso" ndipo amakhulupirira kuti pamapeto pake ndi momwe zovuta za Oedipus zidathetsera.

Electra zovuta

Katswiri wina wamaganizidwe, a Carl Jung, adalemba "Electra Complex" mu 1913 kuti afotokozere zomwezi mwa atsikana.

Mwachidule, akuti atsikana achichepere amapikisana ndi amayi awo kuti agonane ndi abambo awo.

Koma Freud adakana chizindikirocho, ponena kuti amuna ndi akazi awiriwa akukumana ndi zochitika zosiyana m'gawo lino zomwe siziyenera kuphatikizidwa.

Ndiye anachita Freud akukhulupirira kuti zidachitikira atsikana panthawiyi?

Adanenanso kuti atsikana amakonda amayi awo mpaka atazindikira kuti alibe mbolo, kenako nkukhala ogwirizana kwambiri ndi abambo awo.

Pambuyo pake, amayamba kuzindikira amayi awo chifukwa choopa kutaya chikondi chawo - chinthu chomwe adayambitsa "malingaliro achikazi a Oedipus."

Amakhulupirira kuti gawo ili ndilofunikira kuti atsikana amvetsetse udindo wawo ngati akazi padziko lapansi, komanso zogonana.

Gawo la latency

• Mtundu wazaka: Zaka 7 mpaka 10 zakubadwa, kapena sukulu ya pulaimale kudzera preadolescence
• Malo opatsa mphamvu: N / A, malingaliro ogonana sagwira ntchito

Pakati pa latency, libido ili "musasokoneze mawonekedwe."

Freud adanenanso kuti ndipamene mphamvu zakugonana zidagwiritsidwa ntchito molimbika, zochitika zina monga kuphunzira, zosangalatsa, komanso ubale.

Adawona kuti gawo ili ndipamene anthu amakula bwino ndikulankhulana bwino.

Amakhulupilira kuti kulephera kupitilira kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa kukhwima kwa moyo wonse, kapena kulephera kukhala ndi zisangalalo, thanzi, ndikukwaniritsa maubwenzi ogonana komanso osagonana nditakula.

Gawo loberekera

• Mtundu wazaka: 12 ndikukwera, kapena kutha msinkhu mpaka imfa
• Malo opatsa mphamvu: maliseche

Gawo lomaliza la chiphunzitsochi limayambira pa unamwali ndipo, monga "Grey's Anatomy," silimatha. Ndipamene libido imakumbukiranso.

Malinga ndi Freud, ndipamene munthu amayamba kukhala ndi chidwi chogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo.

Ndipo, ngati gawo likuyenda bwino, ndipamene anthu amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndikupanga ubale wachikondi, wokhalitsa ndi winawake.

Kodi pali zotsutsa zilizonse zofunika kuziganizira?

Mukadakhala kuti mukuwerenga magawo osiyanasiyana ndikuyang'ana m'maganizo mwanu momwe malingaliro ena amakhalira, mulibe nokha!

Dr.Dorfman akuti Freud nthawi zambiri amatsutsidwa chifukwa cha momwe amuna amakhalira, okonda kutengera zinthu, komanso osakhazikika pamisinkhu iyi.

"Ngakhale zasintha nthawi yake, anthu asintha kwambiri kuyambira pomwe ziphunzitso izi zidayamba zaka 100 zapitazo," akutero. "Mfundo zambiri za chiphunzitsochi ndizachikale, zopanda ntchito, komanso zosakondera."

Koma osazipotoza, komabe. Freud adalinso wofunikira kwambiri pankhani yama psychology.

"Anakankhira malire, kufunsa mafunso, ndikupanga lingaliro lomwe lidalimbikitsa ndikutsutsa mibadwo ingapo kuti ifufuze mbali zosiyanasiyana zama psyche aanthu," akutero Dr.

"Sitingakhale komwe tili lero malinga ndi malingaliro athu zikanakhala kuti Freud sanayambe ntchitoyi."

Hei, ngongole komwe ulemu uyenera!

Ndiye, chiphunzitsochi chikugwirabe ntchito bwanji masiku ano?

Masiku ano, ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amathandizira kwambiri magawo a chitukuko cha Freud monga adalembedwera.

Komabe, monga a Dr. Dorfman akufotokozera, maziko a chiphunzitsochi akutsindika kuti zomwe timakumana nazo tili ana zimakhudza kwambiri machitidwe athu ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosatha - lingaliro lomwe malingaliro ambiri amakono pakakhalidwe ka anthu amachokera.

Kodi pali ziphunzitso zina zofunika kuziganizira?

“Inde!” akutero Dr. Mayfield. Pali zambiri zoti tiwerenge! ”

Ena mwa malingaliro odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:

• Magawo a Kukula kwa Erik Erickson
• Zochitika Zazikulu Zachitukuko za Jean Piaget
• Magawo a Lawrence Development a Lawrence Kohlberg

Izi zati, palibe mgwirizano pamalingaliro amodzi "olondola".

"Vuto lalingaliro lachitukuko ndikuti nthawi zambiri amaika anthu m'bokosi ndipo salola kuti pakhale kusiyana kapena kugulitsa," akutero Dr.

Aliyense ali ndi zabwino zake komanso zoyipa zomwe angaganizire, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'ana lingaliro lirilonse munthawi yake komanso kwa munthu aliyense kwathunthu.

"Ngakhale malingaliro ampatuko atha kukhala othandiza kumvetsetsa zikwangwani zachitukuko paulendo wa chitukuko, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti pali masauzande osiyanasiyana omwe amathandizira pakukula kwa munthu," adatero Mayfield.

Mfundo yofunika

Tsopano akuwona kuti atha ntchito, magawo a chitukuko cha Freud sagwiranso ntchito.

Koma chifukwa ndiwo maziko amalingaliro amakono amakono amakono pazachitukuko, akuyenera kudziwa kwa anthu omwe adadzifunsapo kuti, "Kodi munthu amakhala bwanji wopanda pake?"

A Gabrielle Kassel ndi mlembi wa ku New York wogonana komanso wathanzi komanso Mphunzitsi wa CrossFit Level 1. Amakhala munthu wam'mawa, adayesa opitilira 200, ndikudya, kuledzera, ndikupaka makala - zonsezi mdzina la utolankhani. Munthawi yake yaulere, amapezeka kuti amawerenga mabuku azodzilankhulira ndi ma buku achikondi, kukanikiza benchi, kapena kuvina. Mutsatireni pa Instagram.