Ziphuphu ndi Matenda a Khungu Ophatikizidwa ndi HIV ndi Edzi: Zizindikiro ndi Zambiri

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Magawo a HIV pakakhala kuti khungu limachitika
• Zithunzi za zotupa ndi khungu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi HIV ndi Edzi
• Yotupa dermatitis
• Xerosis
• Matenda a dermatitis
• Matenda a Seborrheic
• Photodermatitis
• Eosinophillic folliculitis
• Prurigo nodularis
• Matenda
• Chindoko
• Chandidiasis
• Matenda a Herpes zoster (shingles)
• Matenda a Herpes simplex (HSV)
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Leukoplakia yaubweya pakamwa
• Njerewere
• Khansa yapakhungu
• Matenda a Carcinoma
• Khansa ya pakhungu
• Kaposi sarcoma (KS)
• Lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo
• Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a HIV

Chidule

Chitetezo cha mthupi chikafooka chifukwa cha HIV, chimatha kubweretsa khungu zomwe zimayambitsa zotupa, zilonda, ndi zotupa.

Khungu limatha kukhala chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira za kachilombo ka HIV ndipo limatha kupezeka nthawi yoyamba. Zitha kuwonetsanso kukula kwa matenda, chifukwa khansa ndi matenda amapezerapo mwayi pakulephera kwa chitetezo cham'magawo amtsogolo.

Pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amakhala ndi khungu pakadwala. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala mgulu limodzi mwamagawo atatu:

• yotupa dermatitis, kapena zotupa pakhungu
• Matenda ndi infestations, kuphatikizapo bakiteriya, fungal, tizilombo, ndi tizilombo tina
• Khansa yapakhungu

Kawirikawiri, khungu lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV limakula ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV.

Magawo a HIV pakakhala kuti khungu limachitika

HIV nthawi zambiri imadutsa magawo atatu:

Munthu amatha kukhala ndi zotupa pakhungu nthawi yoyamba komanso gawo lachitatu la HIV.

Matenda a mafangasi amakhala ofala makamaka chitetezo chamthupi chikakhala chofooka kwambiri, mgawo lachitatu. Matenda omwe amapezeka panthawiyi amatchedwa matenda opatsirana.

Zithunzi za zotupa ndi khungu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi HIV ndi Edzi

Yotupa dermatitis

Dermatitis ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha HIV. Mankhwala nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:

• mankhwala oletsa
• Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV
• mankhwala
• zoteteza kumutu

Mitundu ina ya dermatitis ndi iyi:

Xerosis

Xerosis ndi khungu louma, lomwe nthawi zambiri limawoneka ngati lonyansa, zigamba pamikono ndi miyendo. Vutoli ndilofala kwambiri, ngakhale kwa anthu omwe alibe HIV. Zitha kuyambika chifukwa cha nyengo youma kapena yotentha, kutentha kwambiri dzuwa, kapenanso kugwa kwamvula.

Xerosis imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi zotchingira komanso kusintha kosintha kwa moyo, monga kupewa mvula yayitali, yotentha kapena malo osambira. Milandu yayikulu ingafune mafuta odzola kapena mafuta.

Matenda a dermatitis

Dermatitis ya atopic ndimatenda osachiritsika omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa zotupa zofiira, zotupa, komanso zotupa. Itha kuwonekera pamagulu ambiri amthupi, kuphatikiza:

• mapazi
• akakolo
• manja
• manja
• khosi
• zikope
• mkati mwa mawondo ndi zigongono

Zimakhudza anthu ambiri ku United States, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti ndizofala kwambiri m'malo ouma kapena akumatauni.

Dopatitis ya atopic imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mafuta a corticosteroid, mafuta okonza khungu otchedwa calcineurin inhibitors, kapena mankhwala oletsa kuyabwa. Maantibayotiki amatha kupatsidwa matenda opatsirana. Komabe, kubwereza kumakhala kofala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV.

Matenda a Seborrheic

Seborrheic dermatitis imakhudza kwambiri nkhope ndi khungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kufiira, masikelo, ndi ziphuphu. Matendawo amadziwikanso kuti seborrheic eczema.

Ngakhale zimapezeka pafupifupi 5 peresenti ya anthu wamba, vutoli limawoneka mwa 85 mpaka 90 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi HIV.

Chithandizo chimathandizira kuthetsa zizindikilo ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi njira zakuthambo, monga ma shampoo oletsa antandandruff ndi zotchinga zotchinga.

Photodermatitis

Photodermatitis imachitika pomwe cheza cha UV chikuchokera ku kuwala kwa dzuwa chimayambitsa zotupa, zotupa, kapena zigamba zowuma pakhungu. Kuphatikiza pakuphulika kwa khungu, munthu yemwe ali ndi photodermatitis amathanso kumva kupweteka, kupweteka mutu, nseru, kapena malungo.

Matendawa amapezeka panthaŵi ya mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV, pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala chopanda mphamvu, komanso nthawi ya chitetezo chamthupi.

Eosinophillic folliculitis

Eosinophillic folliculitis imadziwika ndi zotupa, zotumphukira zofiira zomwe zimakhazikika pamutu wa tsitsi kumutu ndi kumtunda. Mtundu uwu wa dermatitis umapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu m'magawo amtsogolo a HIV.

Mankhwala am'kamwa, mafuta, ndi mankhwala ochapira shampoo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandiza kuthana ndi zizindikilo, koma vutoli limakhala lovuta kuchiza.

Prurigo nodularis

Prurigo nodularis ndi vuto lomwe ziphuphu pakhungu zimayambitsa kuyabwa komanso mawonekedwe owoneka ngati nkhanambo. Amawonekera kwambiri pamapazi ndi mikono.

Dermatitis yamtunduwu imakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chovuta kwambiri. Kuyabwa kumatha kukhala koopsa kotero kuti kukanda mobwerezabwereza kumayambitsa magazi, mabala otseguka, ndikupatsanso matenda.

Prurigo nodularis itha kuchiritsidwa ndi mafuta a steroid kapena antihistamines. Pazovuta kwambiri, wothandizira zaumoyo atha kulangiza cryotherapy (kuzizira ziphuphu). Maantibayotiki amathanso kuperekedwera matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kukanda kwambiri.

Photodermatitis imapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu amtundu. Anthu amtundu nawonso amatha kupanga prurigo nodularis.

Matenda

Matenda angapo a bakiteriya, mafangasi, mavairasi, ndi tiziromboti amakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Matenda omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi awa:

Chindoko

Chindoko chimayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya Treponema pallidum. Zimayambitsa zilonda zopanda ululu, kapena zotsekemera, kumaliseche kapena mkamwa. Gawo lachiwiri la syphilis limayambitsanso zilonda zapakhosi, zotupa zam'mimba, komanso zotupa.Ziphuphu sizidzamveka ndipo zimangowonekera pamanja kapena pansi.

Munthu amangotenga syphilis kudzera mwachindunji, monga kugonana, ndi zilonda za syphilitic. Chindoko nthawi zambiri chimachiritsidwa ndi jakisoni wa penicillin. Ngati penicillin ali ndi vuto linalake, mankhwala ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chifukwa chindoko ndi kachirombo ka HIV kamakhala pachiwopsezo chofanana, anthu omwe amapeza matenda a syphilis angafunenso kuyesa kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV.

Chandidiasis

HIV imatha kubweretsa mkamwa, mtundu wa matenda akhungu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa Candida albicans (C. albicans). Matenda obwerezabwerezawa amachititsa ming'alu yopweteka pakona pakamwa (yotchedwa angular cheilitis) kapena yoyera yoyera pa lilime.

Zimapezeka m'munsi mwa ma CD4 cell. Njira yosankhira chithandizo ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV komanso kuwonjezeka kwa CD4 count.

Matenda ena omwe amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi awa:

• matenda opatsirana, omwe amapezeka m'makola akhungu lonyowa monga kubuula kapena khwapa; amatsogolera ku zowawa ndi kufiira
• matenda a misomali, omwe amatha kuyambitsa misomali yolimba
• matenda am'mapazi m'malo ozungulira misomali, omwe amatha kupweteka komanso kutupa
• nyini matenda yisiti

Mankhwala osiyanasiyana antifungal atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiza matendawa.

Mankhwala ena a thrush amaphatikizapo kutsuka mkamwa ndi ma lozenges am'kamwa. Matenda a yisiti kumaliseche amathanso kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ena monga boric acid ndi mafuta a tiyi. Mafuta a tiyi ndi mankhwala odziwika bwino a bowa wa msomali.

Matenda a Herpes zoster (shingles)

Herpes zoster virus amadziwikanso kuti shingles. Amayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka varicella zoster, kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matenda a nkhuku. Ziphuphu zimatha kubweretsa zotupa pakhungu ndipo zotupa zimawoneka. Zitha kuwoneka munthu atangoyamba kumene kapena ali mochedwa HIV.

Munthu yemwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi ma shingles angafune kuyezetsa ngati ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Matendawa ndiofala kwambiri ndipo amakhala ovuta kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, makamaka omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi.

Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo mitundu ya ma virus. Komabe, zowawa zokhudzana ndi zotupazo zimatha kupitilira patadutsa nthawi.

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha ma shingles angafune kukambirana za katemerayu ndi omwe amawapatsa chithandizo chamankhwala. Popeza chiopsezo cha ma shingles chimakulirakulira, katemerayu amalimbikitsidwanso kwa achikulire opitilira 50.

Matenda a Herpes simplex (HSV)

Matenda opatsirana a herpes simplex (HSV) ndi omwe amafotokoza za Edzi. Kukhalapo kwake kumawonetsa kuti munthu wafika pagawo lotsogola kwambiri la HIV.

HSV imayambitsa zilonda zozizira pakamwa ndi pankhope komanso zotupa kumaliseche. Zilonda zochokera ku HSV ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimapitirira pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kosachiritsidwa.

Chithandizo chitha kuperekedwa kanthawi kochepa - monga kuphulika kumachitika - kapena tsiku ndi tsiku. Chithandizo cha tsiku ndi tsiku chimadziwika ngati mankhwala othandizira.

Molluscum contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum imadziwika ndi ziphuphu zapinki kapena zakuthupi pakhungu. Vuto lofala kwambiri la khungu limakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi HIV. Chithandizo chobwerezabwereza chitha kukhala chofunikira kuthetseratu zovuta zonse zosafunika.

Ziphuphu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi molluscum contagiosum nthawi zambiri sizimva kuwawa ndipo zimawoneka pa:

• nkhope
• thupi lakumtunda
• mikono
• miyendo

Vutoli limatha kupezeka nthawi iliyonse ya kachilombo ka HIV, koma kukula mwachangu komanso kufalikira kwa molluscum contagiosum ndichizindikiro cha kukula kwa matenda. Kawirikawiri zimawoneka pamene CD4 count imasambira pansi pa 200 cell pa mm3 (yomwe ndi nthawi yomwe munthu adzapezeka ndi Edzi).

Molluscum contagiosum siyimayambitsa zovuta zilizonse zofunikira zamankhwala, chifukwa chake chithandizo chamankhwala chimakhala chodzikongoletsera. Njira zamankhwala zamankhwala zikuphatikizapo kuzizira mabampu ndi nayitrogeni wamadzi, mafuta opaka m'mutu, ndikuchotsa laser.

Leukoplakia yaubweya pakamwa

Leukoplakia yaubweya pakamwa ndi matenda omwe amakhudzana ndi kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr (EBV). Ngati munthu atenga mgwirizano ndi EBV, imakhalabe mthupi lake kwa moyo wake wonse. Tizilomboti nthawi zambiri timangokhala, koma titha kuyambiranso ngati chitetezo cha mthupi chitachepa (monga momwe zilili ndi HIV).

Amadziwika ndi zotupa zoyera, zoyera pa lilime ndipo mwina zimayambitsidwa ndi kusuta fodya kapena kusuta.

Leukoplakia yaubweya pakamwa nthawi zambiri imapweteka ndipo imatha popanda chithandizo.

Ngakhale chithandizo chachindunji cha zilondazo sichifunika, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angaganizire za mankhwala opatsirana pogonana mosasamala kanthu. Zidzasintha chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chingathandizenso kuti EBV igone.

Njerewere

Warts ndi zophuka pamwamba pa khungu kapena mucous nembanemba. Amayamba chifukwa cha papillomavirus ya anthu (HPV).

Nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi mabampu okhala ndi madontho akuda pa iwo (omwe amadziwika kuti mbewu). Mbeu izi zimapezeka kumbuyo kwa manja, mphuno, kapena pansi pa mapazi.

Maliseche, komabe, nthawi zambiri amakhala amdima kapena amtundu wa mnofu, okhala ndi nsonga zomwe zimawoneka ngati kolifulawa. Amatha kuoneka pa ntchafu, pakamwa, pakhosi komanso kumaliseche.

Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha HPV ya kumatako ndi khomo lachiberekero, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti azichita pafupipafupi kumatako komanso kubereka Pap smears.

Warts amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi njira zochepa, kuphatikizapo kuzizira kapena kuchotsa kudzera pa opaleshoni yaying'ono. Komabe, kachilombo ka HIV kamapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chiteteze ma warts ndikuwateteza mtsogolo.

Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV mofanana angachepetse chiopsezo chawo chokhudzana ndi maliseche polandira katemera wa HPV. Katemerayu amangoperekedwa kwa anthu azaka 26 kapena kupitilira apo.

Khansa yapakhungu

HIV imakulitsa chiopsezo cha munthu cha mitundu ina ya khansa, kuphatikiza ochepa omwe amakhudza khungu.

Matenda a Carcinoma

Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV akhoza kukhala ovuta kwambiri kuposa anthu ambiri kukhala ndi basal cell carcinoma (BCC) ndi squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). BCC ndi SCC ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya khansa yapakhungu ku United States. Komabe, nthawi zambiri saopseza moyo.

Zonsezi zimalumikizidwa ndi kuwonekera padzuwa kale ndipo zimakhudza mutu, khosi, ndi mikono.

Munthu waku Denmark yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adapeza kuchuluka kwa BCC mwa amuna omwe ali ndi HIV omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM). Kuchuluka kwa ma SCC kudawonekeranso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ma CD4 ochepa.

Chithandizo chimakhala ndi opaleshoni kuti muchepetse khungu. Cryosurgery amathanso kuchitidwa.

Khansa ya pakhungu

Melanoma ndi khansa yapakhungu yosowa koma yomwe imatha kupha. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa timadontho tating'onoting'ono, tosiyanasiyana, kapena tating'ono. Maonekedwe a ma moles amatha kusintha pakapita nthawi. Melanoma imatha kuyambitsanso mitundu ya misomali pansi pa misomali.

Melanoma imatha kukwiya kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, makamaka omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.

Monga carcinomas, khansa ya khansa imathandizidwanso ndi opaleshoni kuti ichotse zophukirazo kapena cryosurgery.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS)

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) ndi mtundu wa khansa womwe umakhudza m'mbali mwa mitsempha. Amawoneka ngati zotupa zakuda, zofiirira, kapena zofiira. Mtundu wa khansa umatha kukhudza mapapu, kugaya chakudya, komanso chiwindi.

Zingayambitse kupuma movutikira, kupuma movutikira, ndi kutupa kwa khungu.

Zilondazi nthawi zambiri zimawonekera kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi (WBC) kutsika kwambiri. Maonekedwe awo nthawi zambiri amakhala chisonyezo chakuti HIV yasandulika Edzi, ndikuti chitetezo chamthupi chimasokonekera kwambiri.

KS imayankha chemotherapy, radiation, ndi opaleshoni. Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV achepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha odwala matenda a KS atsopano omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso kuopsa kwa matenda a KS omwe alipo kale.

Lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo

Ngati munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, amatha kukumana ndi khungu kapena zotupazi.

Komabe, kudziwika koyambirira kwa kachilombo ka HIV, kuyamba kulandira chithandizo posachedwa, komanso kutsatira njira zamankhwala kumathandiza anthu kupewa zizindikilo zowopsa. Kumbukirani kuti nyengo zambiri zakhungu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi HIV zidzasintha ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a HIV

Mankhwala ena wamba a HIV amathanso kuyambitsa ziphuphu, kuphatikizapo:

• non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), monga efavirenz (Sustiva) kapena rilpivirine (Edurant)
• nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), monga abacavir (Ziagen)
• protease inhibitors, monga ritonavir (Norvir) ndi atazanavir (Reyataz)

Kutengera chilengedwe ndi kulimba kwa chitetezo chawo cha mthupi, munthu amatha kukhala ndi zinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi. Chithandizo chitha kufunikira kuti chiziwayankha payekhapayekha kapena zonse mwakamodzi.

Ngati pali zotupa pakhungu, lingalirani zokambirana za omwe akukuthandizani. Awona mtundu wa zotupa, amalingalira zamankhwala apano, ndikupatsirani dongosolo la chithandizo kuti muchepetse zizindikilo.

Werengani nkhaniyi m'Chisipanishi.