Kodi Ndiyenera Kuchita Chiwerewere Nditangoyamba Kaye Kugonana Ndiribe Kondomu?

Zamkati

• Kodi muyenera kuyezetsa magazi liti mutagonana popanda kondomu?
• Mayeso ofulumira a antibody
• Mayeso osakaniza
• Mayeso a Nucleic acid
• Zipangizo zoyesera kunyumba
• Kodi muyenera kuganizira za mankhwala oteteza?
• Mitundu yogonana mosakondana komanso chiopsezo cha HIV
• Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachirombo ka HIV
• Kutenga

Chidule

Makondomu ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri popewera kufalitsa kachirombo ka HIV panthawi yogonana. Komabe, anthu ambiri samazigwiritsa ntchito kapena samazigwiritsa ntchito mosasintha. Makondomu amathanso kuswa nthawi yogonana.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mudakumanapo ndi kachilombo ka HIV mutagonana popanda kondomu, kapena chifukwa cha kondomu yomwe idasweka, konzekerani ndi omwe amakuthandizani posachedwa.

Ngati muwona dokotala mkati, mutha kukhala woyenera kuyamba mankhwala kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV. Muthanso kukhazikitsa nthawi yamtsogolo yokayesedwa ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana.

Palibe mayeso a HIV omwe angazindikire molondola kachilomboka mthupi mutangotuluka. Pali nthawi yomwe imadziwika kuti "window period" musanayesedwe ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndikulandila zotsatira zolondola.

Pemphani kuti mudziwe zambiri zamankhwala oteteza, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kachilombo kosagwiritsa ntchito kondomu ndizomveka kukayezetsa ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, mitundu yayikulu ya mayeso a kachirombo ka HIV, komanso zoopsa za mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogonana mopanda kondomu.

Kodi muyenera kuyezetsa magazi liti mutagonana popanda kondomu?

Pali nthawi yazenera pakati pa nthawi yomwe munthu amayamba kudziwika ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso pomwe adzawonekere pamayeso osiyanasiyana a HIV.

Nthawi imeneyi, munthu akhoza kuyezetsa kuti alibe HIV ngakhale ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Nthawi yazenera imatha kukhala masiku khumi mpaka miyezi itatu, kutengera thupi lanu ndi mtundu wa mayeso omwe mukuyesa.

Munthu amathabe kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV kwa ena panthawiyi. M'malo mwake, kufalikira kumatha kukhala kotheka kwambiri chifukwa pamakhala milingo yayikulu kwambiri m'thupi la munthu nthawi yazenera.

Nayi kuwonongeka mwachangu kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV komanso nthawi yazenera iliyonse.

Mayeso ofulumira a antibody

Kuyezetsa kwamtundu uwu kumayeza ma antibodies ku HIV. Thupi limatha kutenga miyezi itatu kuti apange ma antibodies awa. Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi ma antibodies okwanira kuti apeze kuti ali ndi kachilombo mkati mwa masabata atatu kapena 12 atatenga HIV. Pakadutsa milungu 12, kapena miyezi itatu, anthu 97 pa anthu 100 aliwonse ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira chokwanira.

Ngati wina atenga mayesowa patatha milungu inayi atawonekera, zotsatira zoyipa zitha kukhala zolondola, koma ndibwino kuyesanso patadutsa miyezi itatu kuti mutsimikizire.

Mayeso osakaniza

Mayeserowa nthawi zina amatchedwa mayeso ofulumira a antibody / antigen, kapena mayeso am'badwo wachinayi. Mayeso amtunduwu atha kuyitanidwa ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo. Iyenera kuchitikira ku labata.

Kuyezetsa kwamtunduwu kumayeza ma antibodies ndi magulu a p24 antigen, omwe amatha kupezeka patangotha ​​milungu iwiri atawonekera.

Mwambiri, anthu ambiri amatulutsa ma antigen ndi ma antibodies okwanira kuti mayesowa athe kupeza kachilombo ka HIV pakatha milungu iwiri kapena isanu ndi umodzi atawonekera. Ngati mungayesedwe kuti mulibe kachilombo pakadutsa milungu iwiri mutaganizira kuti mwina mwawululidwa, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angakulimbikitseni mayeso ena sabata limodzi kapena awiri, popeza mayeserowa atha kukhala olakwika koyambirira kwa matenda.

Mayeso a Nucleic acid

Chiyeso cha nucleic acid (NAT) chitha kuyeza kuchuluka kwa kachilombo koyambitsa magazi ndikupereka zotsatira zabwino / zoyipa kapena kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma virus.

Mayesowa ndiokwera mtengo kuposa mitundu ina ya kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV, choncho adotolo amangoyitanitsa ngati angaganize kuti pali mwayi waukulu woti munthu adziwika ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena ngati zotsatira zoyeserera sizimadziwika.

Pali zinthu zokwanira zamavuto zomwe zimakhalapo pakadutsa sabata limodzi kapena awiri mutatha kupezeka ndi HIV.

Zipangizo zoyesera kunyumba

Zipangizo zoyesera kunyumba monga OraQuick ndi mayeso a antibody omwe mutha kumaliza kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito madzi amkamwa. Malinga ndi wopanga, nthawi ya OraQuick ndi miyezi itatu.

Kumbukirani, ngati mukukhulupirira kuti mwapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndikofunikira kuti muwone othandizira posachedwa.

Mosasamala mtundu wanji wa mayeso omwe mungayesedwe mutapezeka kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, muyenera kuyesedwanso pambuyo poti zenera zatsimikizika. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi miyezi itatu iliyonse.

Kodi muyenera kuganizira za mankhwala oteteza?

Momwe munthu amawonera mwachangu wothandizira zaumoyo atakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV angakhudze kwambiri mwayi wawo wotenga kachilomboka.

Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti mwapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV, pitani kwa omwe amakuthandizani azaumoyo mkati mwa maola 72. Mutha kupatsidwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV otchedwa post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) omwe angachepetse chiopsezo chotenga HIV. PEP imamwa kamodzi kapena kawiri tsiku lililonse kwa masiku 28.

PEP ilibe vuto lililonse ngati lingatengeredwe kuposa momwe mungatengere kachirombo ka HIV, malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mankhwalawa samaperekedwa kawirikawiri pokhapokha atha kuyambika pazenera la maola 72.

Mitundu yogonana mosakondana komanso chiopsezo cha HIV

Pakugonana kopanda kondomu, HIV m'madzi amthupi mwa munthu m'modzi imatha kupatsira thupi la munthu wina kudzera munthengo, kumaliseche, ndi kumatako. Nthawi zambiri, kachilombo ka HIV kangathe kupatsirana kudzera pakucheka kapena kupweteka pakamwa panthawi yogonana.

Kuchokera mu mtundu uliwonse wa kugonana kopanda kondomu, kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kufalikira mosavuta panthawi yogonana. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuyala kwa anus kumakhala kovuta komanso kosavuta kuwonongeka, komwe kumatha kupereka njira zolowera HIV. Kugonana kwa abambo kumatako, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa kuti bottoming, kumabweretsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV kuposa kugonana kochita kulowa kumatako, kapena kukweza.

HIV imatha kupatsidwanso panthawi yogonana popanda kondomu, ngakhale kulumikizana kumaliseche sikungatengeke ndikung'amba ngati mng'oma.

Chiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV pogonana osagwiritsa ntchito kondomu kapena damu la mano ndi lochepa kwambiri. Zingakhale zotheka kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamafalitsidwe ngati munthu amene akumugonana m'kamwa ali ndi zilonda mkamwa kapena kutuluka magazi m'kamwa, kapena ngati munthu amene akugonana m'kamwa watenga HIV.

Kuphatikiza pa kachilombo ka HIV, kumatako, kumaliseche, kapena mkamwa popanda kondomu kapena damu la mano kungathenso kuyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana.

Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachirombo ka HIV

Njira yothandiza kwambiri yopewera kufalitsa kachirombo ka HIV panthawi yogonana ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu. Konzekerani kondomu musanachite zogonana, chifukwa kachilombo ka HIV kangathe kupatsirana kudzera m'madzi asanatuluke, madzi amadzimadzi, ndi kuchokera ku anus.

Mafuta odzola amathanso kuthandizira kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa kachirombo ka HIV pothandiza kupewa misozi yakumbuyo kapena kumaliseche. Mafuta oyenera amathandizanso kuti makondomu asasweke. Mafuta ogwiritsira ntchito m'madzi okha ndi omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kondomu, chifukwa mafuta opangira mafuta amatha kufooketsa lalabala ndipo nthawi zina amachititsa kuti makondomu asweke.

Kugwiritsa ntchito dziwe la mano, pulasitiki yaying'ono kapena pepala la latex lomwe limalepheretsa kukhudzana mwachindunji pakamwa ndi kumaliseche kapena kumaliseche panthawi yogonana mkamwa, kumathandizanso pochepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Kwa anthu omwe atha kutenga chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV, njira zodzitetezera ndizotheka. Mankhwala a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilomboka tsiku ndi tsiku.

Aliyense amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kuyamba mtundu wa PrEP, malinga ndi upangiri waposachedwa kuchokera ku US Preventive Services Task Force. Izi zikuphatikiza aliyense amene akugonana ndi anthu opitilira mmodzi, kapena ali pachibwenzi chopitilira ndi wina yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena osadziwika.

Ngakhale PrEP imapereka chitetezo chokwanira ku HIV, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu. PrEP sateteza ku matenda opatsirana pogonana kupatula HIV.

Kutenga

Kumbukirani, ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mudapatsidwa kachilombo ka HIV pogonana popanda kondomu, pangani nthawi yoti mukalankhule ndi othandizira azaumoyo posachedwa. Atha kulangiza mankhwala a PEP kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV. Akhozanso kukambirana za nthawi yabwino yoyezetsa magazi, komanso kuyezetsa matenda ena opatsirana pogonana.