Tidafunsa Achimereka Zaumoyo Wogonana: Zomwe Zimanena Pazokhudza Kugonana Ed

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Kufikira maphunziro
• Kupewa opatsirana pogonana
• Maganizo olakwika okhudza kulera
• Chidziwitso potengera jenda
• Kufotokozera chilolezo
• Chotsatira ndi chiyani?

Chidule

Palibe funso kuti kupereka chidziwitso chofananira komanso cholongosola zaumoyo m'masukulu ndikofunikira.

Kupatsa ophunzira izi sikuti kumangothandiza kupewa mimba zosafunikira komanso kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana, komanso kumathandizanso kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wabwino.

Komabe mkhalidwe wamaphunziro azakugonana ndikuzindikira kumadera ena ku United States kumayambira pazolondola zamankhwala mpaka pomwe palibe.

Pakadali pano, ndi mayiko 20 okha omwe amafuna kuti maphunziro azakugonana komanso HIV akhale "olondola pamankhwala, mozama, kapena molondola," (pomwe New Jersey ndi dziko la 21, yasiyidwa chifukwa kulondola kwazachipatala sikunatchulidwe mwachindunji pamalamulo aboma. imafunika ndi NJDE's Comprehensive Health and Physical Education).

Pakadali pano, tanthauzo la "zolondola zamankhwala" limatha kusiyanasiyana ndi boma.

Ngakhale mayiko ena angafunike kuvomerezedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo, mayiko ena amalola kuti zinthu zigawidwe zomwe zimafotokozeredwa ndi zomwe zatulutsidwa zomwe zimalemekezedwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala. Kusowa kwa njira yolongosolera kumatha kubweretsa kufalitsa nkhani zolakwika.

Healthline and Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS), bungwe lodzipereka pantchito yopititsa patsogolo maphunziro azakugonana, adachita kafukufuku yemwe amayang'ana momwe mkhalidwe waumoyo ku United States ulili.

Pansipa pali zotsatira.

Kufikira maphunziro

Kafukufuku wathu, yemwe adafunsira anthu aku America opitilira 1,000, ndi 12% yokha mwa omwe adayankha omwe ali ndi zaka 60 kapena kupitilira apo adalandira mtundu wina wamaphunziro azakugonana kusukulu.

Pakadali pano, ndi 33 peresenti yokha ya anthu azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 29 wazaka zomwe akuti ali nawo.

Ngakhale ena am'mbuyomu apeza kuti mapulogalamu ophunzitsira odziletsa okha sateteza ku mimba za atsikana komanso matenda opatsirana pogonana, pali madera ambiri ku United States komwe ili ndi mtundu wokhawo wamaphunziro azakugonana woperekedwa.

Mayiko ngati Mississippi amafuna kuti masukulu azipereka maphunziro azakugonana monga kudziletsa-monga njira yothetsera mimba zosafunikira. Komabe a Mississippi ali ndi imodzi mwazipamwamba kwambiri za atsikana omwe amatenga pakati, omwe amakhala mu 2016.

Izi zikusiyana ndi New Hampshire, yomwe ili ndi atsikana ocheperapo ku United States. Boma limaphunzitsa zaumoyo komanso maphunziro azakugonana komanso maphunziro omwe amaperekedwa ku matenda opatsirana pogonana kuyambira m'masukulu apakati.

Pakadali pano, mayiko 35 ndi District of Columbia amalola kuti makolo asankhe kuti ana awo azigonana.

Komabe mu kafukufuku wa 2017, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) idapeza kuti ophunzira aku sekondale anali atachita kale zachiwerewere.

"Pankhani yolimbikitsa maphunziro azakugonana, chopinga chachikulu kwambiri ndichakuti chikhalidwe chathu mdziko lathu chimapewa kukambirana zakugonana kwathunthu, kapena kungolankhula zachiwerewere kapena zosagonana m'njira zosalimbikitsa kapena zochititsa manyazi," akufotokoza a Jennifer Driver, State Policy ya SIECUS Wotsogolera.

"Ndizovuta kuonetsetsa kuti munthu ali ndi thanzi logonana pomwe, nthawi zambiri, timasowa chilankhulo choyenera, chovomerezeka, komanso chosachita manyazi kuti tizingolankhula zakugonana," akutero.

Kupewa opatsirana pogonana

Mu 2016, pafupifupi kotala la milandu yatsopano ya HIV ku United States inali ndi achinyamata, malinga ndi CDC. Anthu azaka zapakati pa 15 mpaka 24 amapanganso matenda opatsirana pogonana atsopano ku United States chaka chilichonse.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake zikukhudzana ndi kafukufuku wathu - komwe zaka zapakati pa 18 mpaka 29 zidapanga pafupifupi 30% ya omwe adatenga nawo gawo - atafunsidwa ngati kachilombo ka HIV kangafalikire kudzera malovu, pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa 2 adayankha molakwika.

Posachedwa, United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) idasindikiza kafukufuku yemwe akuti mapulogalamu ophunzitsa zakugonana (CSE) sikuti adangowonjezera thanzi la ana ndi achinyamata, komanso adathandizira kupewa HIV ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana. komanso.

Dalaivala amatchula Netherlands ngati chitsanzo chabwino cha zopindulitsa kuchokera ku mapulogalamu a CSE. Dzikoli limapereka imodzi mwanjira zophunzitsira zogonana zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofananira zaumoyo, makamaka zikafika popewa matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso kupewa HIV.

Dzikoli limafunikira maphunziro okwanira okhudzana ndi zakugonana kuyambira ku pulayimale. Ndipo zotsatira za mapulogalamuwa zimadzilankhulira zokha.

Dziko la Netherlands ndi limodzi mwamagawo otsika kwambiri a HIV pa 0,2% ya akulu azaka zapakati pa 15 mpaka 49.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsanso kuti 85% ya achinyamata mdziko muno akuti amagwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera panthawi yoyamba kugonana, pomwe kuchuluka kwa mimba zaunyamata kunali kotsika, pa 4.5 pa achinyamata 1,000.

Ngakhale Driver akuvomereza kuti United States silingathe "kutsatira zochitika zilizonse zokhudzana ndi kugonana zomwe zikuchitika ku Netherlands," akuvomereza kuti ndizotheka kuyang'ana kumayiko omwe akutenga njira yofananira kuti apeze malingaliro.

Maganizo olakwika okhudza kulera

Pankhani yolera, makamaka zakulera mwadzidzidzi, kafukufuku wathu adapeza kuti pali malingaliro olakwika angapo amomwe njira izi zodzitetezera zimagwirira ntchito.

Pafupifupi 93 peresenti ya omwe anawayankha sanathe kuyankha molondola kuti ndi masiku angati pambuyo poti njira zakulera zadzidzidzi ndizovomerezeka. Anthu ambiri amati zimangogwira ntchito mpaka masiku awiri atagonana.

M'malo mwake, "mapiritsi akumwa m'mawa" monga Plan B atha kuthandiza kuyimitsa mimba zosafunikira ngati atatenga masiku asanu atagonana ndi kuchepa kwa chiwopsezo cha 89%.

Kusamvetsetsana kwina pa zakulera zadzidzidzi kumaphatikizapo 34 peresenti ya omwe adafunsidwa akukhulupirira kuti kumwa mapiritsi am'mawa kumatha kubweretsa kusabereka, ndipo kotala la omwe adayankha akukhulupirira kuti atha kutaya mimba.

M'malo mwake, 70 peresenti ya omwe adafunsidwa samadziwa kuti mapiritsi amaletsa kutulutsa mazira kwakanthawi, komwe kumalepheretsa kutulutsa dzira kuti likhale ndi umuna.

Kaya lingaliro lolakwika ili lonena za momwe njira yolerera yakumwa imagwirira ntchito ndi nkhani ya jenda sizodziwika bwino. Zomwe zimamveka, komabe, ndikuti padakali ntchito yoti ichitike.

Ngakhale Dalaivala akunena za Affordable Care Act monga chitsanzo chimodzi chokakamiza kulera kwaulere komanso kosavuta kwa njira zolerera ndi kulera, sakukhulupirira kuti izi ndizokwanira.

"Kuwonongeka kwachikhalidwe, monga zikuwonetsedwa ndi ndewu zingapo zalamulo komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mikangano yapagulu - zomwe, mwatsoka zasokoneza njira zakulera ndikuchotsa mimba - zikuwonetsa kuti gulu lathu silimakhala lokhutira ndikulandila kwathunthu zachiwerewere," akufotokoza.

93% ya omwe anawayankha sanathe kuyankha molondola kuti ndi masiku angati akulera kwachangu koyenera.

Chidziwitso potengera jenda

Pogwiritsa ntchito jenda, ndani amene amadziwa zambiri zokhudza kugonana?

Kafukufuku wathu adawonetsa kuti 65% ya akazi amayankha mafunso onse molondola, pomwe amuna omwe amatenga nawo gawo anali 57 peresenti.

Ngakhale ziwerengerozi sizabwinobwino, kuti 35% ya amuna omwe adachita nawo kafukufukuyu amakhulupirira kuti azimayi sangatenge pakati panthawi yawo ndikuwonetsa kuti pali njira zopitilira - makamaka pakamvetsetsa kugonana kwa akazi.

“Tiyenera kuchita zambiri za ntchito yosintha zikhulupiriro zofalikira, makamaka zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa akazi, ”akufotokoza Driver.

“Palinso chilolezo chololeza kuti abambo azigonana, pomwe azimayi amakhala ndi miyezo iwiri yokhudza kugonana. Ndipo malingaliro olakwika awa kwanthawi yayitali athandiza kuti pakhale chisokonezo chokhudza matupi azimayi komanso thanzi la akazi, "akutero.

Kufotokozera chilolezo

Kuchokera pagulu la #MeToo kupita ku mlandu wa Christine Blasey Ford, zikuwonekeratu kuti kupanga zokambirana mozungulira ndikupereka chidziwitso chokhudza chilolezo chogonana sikunakhale kofunikira kwambiri.

Zotsatira zakufufuza kwathu zikuwonetsa kuti izi zilinso choncho. Mwa omwe adafunsidwa azaka zapakati pa 18 mpaka 29, 14% adakhulupirirabe kuti wina wofunikira ali ndi ufulu wogonana.

Bulaketi la zaka izi limayimira gulu lalikulu kwambiri lomwe silimvetsetsa kwenikweni zavomerezo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kotala la onse omwe anafunsidwa adayankha funso lomwelo molakwika, ena akukhulupirira kuti chilolezocho chimagwira ntchito ngati munthuyo akuti inde ngakhale amamwa, kapena ngati munthu winayo sakukana.

Zotsatira izi, monga momwe zingakhalire, siziyenera kudabwitsa. Pakadali pano, ndi mayiko asanu ndi limodzi okha omwe amafunikira malangizo kuti aphatikize chidziwitso chovomereza, atero a Driver.

Komabe kafukufuku wa UNESCO amene tamutchula kale uja anati mapulogalamu a CSE ndi njira yothandiza “yophunzitsira achinyamata nzeru ndi luso lopanga zisankho zoyenera pamoyo wawo.”

Izi zikuphatikiza kukonza "kulingalira, kulumikizana, ndi maluso ena azaumoyo wathanzi potengera… nkhanza zochitidwa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, kuvomereza, nkhanza zokhudzana ndi kugonana, ndi machitidwe owopsa."

Mwa omwe adafunsidwa azaka zapakati pa 18 mpaka 29, 14% adakhulupirira kuti wina wofunikira ali ndi ufulu wogonana.

Chotsatira ndi chiyani?

Ngakhale zotsatira za kafukufuku wathu zikuwonetsa kuti zambiri zikuyenera kuchitidwa potengera kupereka mapulogalamu a CSE kusukulu, pali umboni kuti United States ikuyenda m'njira yoyenera.

Kafukufuku wa Planned Parenthood Federation of America omwe adachitika chaka chino adawulula kuti 98% mwa omwe akuvota mwina amathandizira maphunziro azakugonana kusukulu yasekondale, pomwe 89% amathandizira kusukulu yapakati.

"Tili ndi zaka 30 zakuchepetsa mimba zosayembekezereka mdziko muno komanso mbiri yakale pakati pa achinyamata," atero a Dawn Laguens, wachiwiri kwa wamkulu wa Planned Parenthood.

"Kuphunzitsa zakugonana komanso kupeza njira zakulera zakhala zofunikira kwambiri pothandiza achinyamata kukhala otetezeka komanso athanzi - ino si nthawi yoti abwerere m'mbuyo."

Kuphatikiza apo, SIECUS ikulimbikitsa mfundo zomwe zingapangitse ndalama zoyambira kubungwe lonse zakugonana m'sukulu.

Akugwiranso ntchito yodziwitsa anthu zakufunika kowonjezera ndikukweza mwayi wopezeka kwa achinyamata omwe asiyidwa kuzithandizo zakugonana ndi uchembere wabwino.

"Maphunziro okwanira okhudzana ndi zakugonana pasukulu akuyenera kupereka zowona komanso zamankhwala zomwe zimakwaniritsa ndikuwonjezera maphunziro a chiwerewere omwe ana amalandila kuchokera kumabanja awo, magulu azipembedzo komanso mdera lawo, komanso akatswiri azaumoyo," akufotokoza Driver.

“Titha kukulitsa chidziwitso cha zaumoyo kwa anthu a zonse zaka pongochiza ngati gawo lina lililonse laumoyo. Tiyenera kutsimikiza kuti kugonana ndi gawo lofunikira komanso labwinobwino la umunthu, "akuwonjezera.