Zomwe Muyenera Kuchita Ngati Mukuganiza Kuti Mwana Wanu Wazaka 4 Akhoza Kukhala pa Autism Spectrum

Zamkati

• Kodi zizindikiro zanji za autism mwa mwana wazaka 4?
• Maluso ochezera
• Maluso azilankhulo ndi kulumikizana
• Makhalidwe osakhazikika
• Zizindikiro zina za autism mwa ana azaka 4
• Kusiyana pakati pazizindikiro zofatsa komanso zowopsa
• Mzere 1
• Mzere 2
• Mzere 3
• Kodi autism imapezeka bwanji?
• Mafunso a Autism
• Masitepe otsatira

Kodi autism ndi chiyani?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ndi gulu lamavuto okhudza ubongo omwe amakhudza ubongo.

Ana omwe ali ndi autism amaphunzira, kuganiza, ndikumakumana ndi dziko mosiyana ndi ana ena. Amatha kukumana ndimayendedwe osiyanasiyana, kulumikizana, komanso zovuta pamakhalidwe.

ASD imakhudza ku United States, akuti Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Ana ena omwe ali ndi autism safuna kuthandizidwa kwambiri, pomwe ena adzafunika kuthandizidwa tsiku ndi tsiku m'moyo wawo wonse.

Zizindikiro za autism mwa ana azaka 4 ziyenera kuyesedwa nthawi yomweyo. Mwana akamalandira chithandizo koyambirira, amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino.

Ngakhale zizindikiro za autism nthawi zina zimawoneka miyezi 12, ana ambiri omwe ali ndi autism amalandila matenda atakwanitsa zaka zitatu.

Kodi zizindikiro zanji za autism mwa mwana wazaka 4?

Zizindikiro za autism zimawonekera kwambiri pamene ana akula.

Mwana wanu akhoza kuwonetsa zina mwazizindikiro za autism:

Maluso ochezera

• salabadira dzina lawo
• amapewa kukhudzana ndi diso
• amakonda kusewera wekha kuposa kusewera ndi ena
• sagawana bwino ndi ena kapena amasinthana
• satenga nawo mbali ponamizira kusewera
• salankhula nkhani
• alibe chidwi chocheza kapena kucheza ndi ena
• sakonda kapena amateteza mwakhama kukhudzana ndi thupi
• alibe chidwi kapena sakudziwa kupanga anzanu
• sipanga nkhope kapena kupanga zosayenera
• sangatonthozedwe kapena kutonthozedwa mosavuta
• amavutika kufotokoza kapena kulankhula zakukhosi kwawo
• amavutika kumvetsetsa malingaliro a anthu ena

Maluso azilankhulo ndi kulumikizana

• sangapange ziganizo
• akubwereza mawu kapena ziganizo mobwerezabwereza
• siyankha mafunso moyenera kapena kutsatira malangizo
• samvetsa kuwerengera kapena nthawi
• amasintha matchulidwe (mwachitsanzo, akuti "inu" m'malo mwa "Ine")
• samakonda kugwiritsa ntchito manja kapena kuyankhula mokhudzika thupi monga kuperekera kapena kuloza
• amalankhula mokweza kapena kuyimba-mawu
• samvetsa nthabwala, kunyoza, kapena kunyoza

Makhalidwe osakhazikika

• imachita mobwerezabwereza (kukupiza manja, miyala kumbuyo ndi mtsogolo, imazungulira)
• amafola zoseweretsa kapena zinthu zina mwadongosolo
• amakhumudwa kapena kukhumudwitsidwa ndikusintha kwakung'ono pazomwe amachita tsiku ndi tsiku
• imasewera ndi zoseweretsa chimodzimodzi nthawi zonse
• amakonda zinthu zina (nthawi zambiri mawilo kapena magawo ozungulira)
• ali ndi zokonda kwambiri
• ayenera kutsatira njira zina

Zizindikiro zina za autism mwa ana azaka 4

Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimatsagana ndi zina mwazizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa:

• kusakhudzidwa kapena kutalikirapo pang'ono
• kunyinyirika
• kupsa mtima
• kudzivulaza (kumenya kapena kudzikanda)
• kupsa mtima
• kusasinthasintha kwa phokoso, kununkhiza, zokonda, zowoneka, kapena mawonekedwe
• kudya mosalekeza komanso chizolowezi chogona
• machitidwe osayenera
• akuwonetsa kusowa kwa mantha kapena mantha ambiri kuposa momwe amayembekezera

Kusiyana pakati pazizindikiro zofatsa komanso zowopsa

ASD imaphatikizapo zizindikiritso zingapo zomwe zimafotokoza mosiyanasiyana.

Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la American Psychiatric Association lapeza, pali magawo atatu a autism. Amatengera kuchuluka kwa chithandizo chomwe chikufunika. Kutsika kwa msinkhu, thandizo locheperako likufunika.

Nayi kuwonongeka kwa milingo:

Mzere 1

• chidwi chochepa pamaubwenzi kapena zochitika zina
• zovuta kuyambitsa mayanjano kapena kusunga zokambirana
• vuto ndi kulumikizana koyenera (mawu kapena kamvekedwe ka mawu, kuwerenga thupi, machitidwe ena)
• zovuta kusinthasintha pakusintha kwanthawi zonse kapena machitidwe
• zovuta kupanga mabwenzi

Mzere 2

• zovuta kuthana ndi kusintha kosinthira kapena malo ozungulira
• kusowa kwakukulu kwa maluso olankhulirana komanso osalankhula
• zovuta zovuta komanso zowonekera pamakhalidwe
• machitidwe obwerezabwereza omwe amasokoneza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku
• kutha kwachilendo kapena kuchepa kwa kulumikizana kapena kucheza ndi ena
• zopapatiza, zosangalatsa
• imafuna kuthandizidwa tsiku lililonse

Mzere 3

• Kuwonongeka pakamwa kapena pakamwa
• kutha kulumikizana pang'ono, pokhapokha pakakhala zofunika kuzikwaniritsa
• chilakolako chochepa kwambiri chocheza kapena kuchita nawo zochitika zina
• zovuta kwambiri kuthana ndi kusintha kosayembekezereka kuzinthu zachilengedwe kapena zachilengedwe
• Kupsinjika kwakukulu kapena kuvuta kusintha malingaliro kapena chidwi
• machitidwe obwerezabwereza, zokonda, kapena zovuta zomwe zimawononga kwambiri
• imafuna kuthandizidwa tsiku lililonse

Kodi autism imapezeka bwanji?

Madokotala amazindikira kuti ana ali ndi autism powayang'ana akamasewera komanso kucheza ndi ena.

Pali zochitika zapadera zomwe ana ambiri amakwaniritsa akafika zaka 4, monga kucheza kapena kufotokoza nkhani.

Ngati mwana wanu wazaka 4 ali ndi zizindikiro za autism, adokotala angakutumizireni kwa katswiri kuti mumufufuze bwino.

Akatswiriwa adzawona mwana wanu akamasewera, kuphunzira, komanso kuyankhulana. Adzakufunsaninso zamakhalidwe omwe mwawona kunyumba.

Ngakhale m'badwo woyenera wodziwa ndi kuchiza zisonyezo za autism ndi wazaka 3 komanso wocheperako, mwana wanu akangolandira chithandizo, amakhala bwino.

Pansi pa Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Disability Education Act (IDEA), mayiko onse akuyenera kupereka maphunziro okwanira kwa ana azaka zopita kusukulu zomwe zikukula.

Lumikizanani ndi dera lakusukulu yakwanuko kuti mudziwe zomwe zingapezeke kwa ana azaka zopita kusukulu. Mutha kuyang'ananso bukuli kuchokera ku Autism Speaks kuti muwone mautumiki omwe amapezeka mdera lanu.

Mafunso a Autism

Mndandanda Wosinthidwa wa Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) ndi chida chowunikira chomwe makolo ndi omwe akuwasamalira angagwiritse ntchito kuzindikira ana omwe ali ndi autism.

Mafunsowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana mpaka azaka 2 1/2, komabe atha kukhala ovomerezeka kwa ana mpaka zaka 4. Sichikupatsani matenda, koma zingakupatseni lingaliro la komwe mwana wanu wayima.

Ngati mphambu ya mwana wanu pamndandandawu ikusonyeza kuti atha kukhala ndi autism, pitani kwa dokotala wa mwana wanu kapena katswiri wa autism. Amatha kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa.

Kumbukirani kuti funsoli limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana aang'ono. Mwana wanu wazaka 4 akhoza kulowa mumayendedwe omwe ali ndifunsoli ndikukhalabe ndi autism kapena vuto lina lokula. Ndibwino kuti muwatengere kwa dokotala wawo.

Mabungwe ngati Autism Speaks amapereka mafunso awa pa intaneti.

Masitepe otsatira

Zizindikiro za autism nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ndi zaka 4. Ngati mwawona zizindikiro za autism mwa mwana wanu, nkofunika kuti aziwunika dokotala mwachangu.

Mungayambe mwa kupita kwa dokotala wa ana a mwana wanu kuti akakufotokozereni nkhawa zanu. Atha kukupatsani mwayi wokaonana ndi katswiri wa m'dera lanu.

Akatswiri omwe angazindikire ana omwe ali ndi autism ndi awa:

• madokotala otukuka
• madokotala a ubongo wa ana
• akatswiri a zamaganizidwe a ana
• madokotala azamisala a ana

Ngati mwana wanu atazindikira kuti ali ndi autism, amayamba kulandira chithandizo nthawi yomweyo. Mudzagwira ntchito ndi madotolo a ana anu komanso dera lanu kusukulu kuti mupange mapulani a chithandizo chamankhwala kuti ana anu aziwoneka bwino.