): zomwe ali, mitundu yayikulu ndi zizindikilo

Zamkati

• Mitundu yayikulu
• 1. Staphylococcus aureus
• 2. Staphylococcus epidermidis
• 3. Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Staphylococci imafanana ndi gulu la mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi magalamu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, amapezeka m'magulu, ofanana ndi gulu la mphesa ndipo mtunduwo umatchedwa Staphylococcus.

Mabakiteriyawa amapezeka mwa anthu popanda chizindikiro chilichonse chodwala. Komabe, chitetezo cha mthupi sichikukula, monga ana obadwa kumene, kapena chofooka, chifukwa cha mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena ukalamba, mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya amtunduwu Staphylococcus amatha kulowa mthupi ndikumayambitsa matenda.

Mitundu yayikulu

Staphylococci ndi mabakiteriya ang'onoang'ono, osasunthika omwe amakonzedwa m'magulu ndipo amapezeka mwachilengedwe mwa anthu, makamaka pakhungu ndi zotupa, osayambitsa matenda amtundu uliwonse. Mitundu yambiri ya staph ndi anaerobic, ndiye kuti, amatha kukula m'malo omwe alibe oxygen.

Mitundu ya Staphylococcus itha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri kutengera kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwa enzyme ya coagulase. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yomwe ili ndi ma enzyme amatchedwa positive coagulase, the Staphylococcus aureus Mitundu yokhayo m'gululi, ndi mitundu yomwe ilibe iyo imatchedwa coagulase negative staphylococci, omwe mitundu yake yayikulu ndi Staphylococcus epidermidis ndipo Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

1. Staphylococcus aureus

O Staphylococcus aureus, kapena S. aureus, ndi mtundu wa staphylococcus womwe nthawi zambiri umapezeka pakhungu ndi mucosa wa anthu, makamaka mkamwa ndi mphuno, osayambitsa matenda. Komabe, chitetezo chamthupi chikayamba kufooka, a S. aureus imatha kulowa mthupi ndikupangitsa matenda omwe amatha kukhala ofatsa, monga folliculitis, kapena oopsa, monga sepsis, mwachitsanzo, omwe angaike moyo wa munthu pachiwopsezo.

Bacteria uyu amathanso kupezeka mosavuta mchipatala, ndipo amatha kuyambitsa matenda akulu omwe ndi ovuta kuwachiza chifukwa chakulimbana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi maantibayotiki osiyanasiyana.

O Staphylococcus aureus imatha kulowa mthupi kudzera m'mabala kapena singano, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali mchipatala, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ojambulidwa kapena omwe amafunikira kutenga jakisoni wa penicillin pafupipafupi, mwachitsanzo, amathanso kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu kudzera mwa kukhudzana mwachindunji kapena kudzera m'malovu kupezeka mlengalenga kuchokera kutsokomola ndi kuyetsemula.

Kuzindikiritsa matendawa Staphylococcus aureus zimachitika kudzera mu mayeso a microbiological omwe amatha kuchitidwa pazinthu zilizonse, ndiye kuti, kutulutsa kwa bala, mkodzo, malovu kapena magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kudziwika kwa S. aureus zitha kupangidwa kudzera mu coagulase, chifukwa ndiye mitundu yokhayo ya Staphylococcus amene ali ndi enzyme iyi ndipo motero amatchedwa coagulase yabwino. Onani zambiri zakudziwitsa S. aureus.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro za matenda mwa S. aureus zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa matenda, mawonekedwe a kachirombo ndi mkhalidwe wa munthu. Chifukwa chake, pakhoza kukhala kupweteka, kufiira komanso kutupa pakhungu, mabakiteriya akachulukirachulukira pakhungu, kapena kutentha thupi, kupweteka kwa minofu, kupweteka mutu komanso kufooka, komwe nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa kuti mabakiteriya amapezeka m'magazi.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira: Chithandizo cha matenda mwa Staphylococcus aureus zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mawonekedwe anu okhudzidwa ndi ma antimicrobials, omwe amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera munthu komanso chipatala chomwe muli, ngati ndi choncho.Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo amaganizira za thanzi la wodwalayo komanso zizindikilo zomwe wodwalayo amapereka, kuphatikiza pa matenda ena omwe angakhalepo. Nthawi zambiri dokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito Methicillin, Vancomycin kapena Oxacillin masiku 7 mpaka 10.

2. Staphylococcus epidermidis

O Staphylococcus epidermidis kapena S. khungu, komanso S. aureus, nthawi zambiri amapezeka pakhungu, osayambitsa matenda amtundu uliwonse. Komabe, S. khungu itha kuonedwa kuti ndi yopindulitsa, chifukwa imatha kuyambitsa matenda ngati chitetezo chamthupi chimafooka kapena sichikukula, monganso ana obadwa kumene.

O S. khungu Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapezeka kwa odwala omwe ali mchipatala, chifukwa zimapezeka pakhungu, ndipo kudzipatula kwawo kumawerengedwa kuti ndikoyipitsa kwachitsanzo. Komabe, S. khungu adalumikizidwa ndi matenda ambiri mchipatala chifukwa chokhoza kupanga zida zam'mimba, zilonda zazikulu, ma prostheses ndi mavavu amtima, ndipo amatha kulumikizidwa ndi sepsis ndi endocarditis, mwachitsanzo.

Kukhoza kupanga zida zachipatala kumapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tigonjetse mankhwala angapo, zomwe zingapangitse kuti chithandizo cha matendawa chikhale chovuta kwambiri ndikuyika moyo wa munthu pachiwopsezo.

Chitsimikizo cha matenda mwa S. khungu zimachitika pamene zikhalidwe ziwiri kapena zingapo zamagazi zili ndi chiyembekezo chazilombozi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotheka kusiyanitsa fayilo ya S. aureus ya S. khungu kudzera pa mayeso a coagulase, momwe Staphylococcus epidermidis alibe enzyme, yotchedwa negative coagulase. Mvetsetsani momwe chizindikiritso cha Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro za matenda mwa Staphylococcus epidermidis nthawi zambiri zimawoneka mabakiteriya ali m'magazi, ndipo pamatha kukhala ndi malungo, mutu, malaise, kupuma movutikira kapena kupuma movutikira komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira: Chithandizo cha matenda mwa S. khungu zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa matenda ndi mawonekedwe a tizilombo tokha. Ngati matendawa akukhudzana ndi kulumikizana ndi zida zamankhwala, mwachitsanzo, kusinthaku kwawonetsedwa, ndikuchotsa mabakiteriya.

Matendawa akatsimikiziridwa, dotolo amathanso kunena za kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, monga Vancomycin ndi Rifampicin, mwachitsanzo.

3. Staphylococcus saprophyticus

O Staphylococcus saprophyticus, kapena S. saprophyticus, komanso S. khungu, imadziwika kuti coagulase negative staphylococcus, ndipo mayeso ena amafunikira kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiriyi, monga mayeso a novobiocin, omwe ndi maantibayotiki omwe S. saprophyticus Nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba komanso S. khungu komanso womvera.

Mabakiteriyawa amatha kupezeka mwachilengedwe pakhungu komanso m'chigawo choberekera, osayambitsa zizindikiro. Komabe, pakakhala kusamvana mu ma genital microbiota, a S. saprophyticus ndipo zimayambitsa matenda amkodzo, makamaka azimayi, chifukwa bakiteriya iyi imatha kutsatira maselo am'kodzo azimayi azaka zoberekera.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro za matenda mwa S. saprophyticus ali ofanana ndi matenda am'mikodzo, okhala ndi ululu komanso ovuta kudutsa mkodzo, mkodzo wamitambo, kumverera kuti sangathe kutulutsa chikhodzodzo ndi kutentha thupi kosalekeza, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira: Chithandizo cha matenda mwa S. saprophyticus zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, monga Trimethoprim. Komabe, mankhwala opha maantibayotiki ayenera kuwonetsedwa ndi dokotala pomwe pali zizindikiro, apo ayi atha kutulutsa mabakiteriya omwe sagonjetsedwa.