Superbacteria: zomwe ali, zomwe ali komanso chithandizo chake

Zamkati

• Tizilombo tambiri tambiri
• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito maantibayotiki molondola

Superbacteria ndi mabakiteriya omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki osiyanasiyana chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika mankhwalawa, ndipo amadziwikanso kuti mabakiteriya osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki molakwika kapena pafupipafupi kumatha kuthandizira kuwoneka kwa masinthidwe ndi njira zothana ndi kusintha kwa mabakiteriyawa motsutsana ndi maantibayotiki, ndikupangitsa mankhwala kukhala ovuta.

Matenda a Superbacteria amapezeka kwambiri mchipatala, makamaka zipinda zogwirira ntchito komanso Intensive Care Unit (ICU), chifukwa cha chitetezo chamthupi cha odwala. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito mosasamala kwa maantibayotiki ndi chitetezo cha mthupi la wodwalayo, mawonekedwe a tizirombo toyambitsa matenda amakhudzanso njira zomwe zimachitika mchipatala komanso machitidwe aukhondo.

Tizilombo tambiri tambiri

Mabakiteriya osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amapezeka kawirikawiri muzipatala, makamaka ku ICU ndi malo ochitira opareshoni. Kupikisana kumeneku kumachitika makamaka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki molakwika, mwina kusokoneza chithandizo chovomerezeka ndi adotolo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pomwe sichinawonetsedwe, ndikupangitsa kuti agulugufe, omwe akutsogolera akhale:

• Staphylococcus aureus, yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi methicillin ndipo imatchedwa MRSA. Dziwani zambiri za Staphylococcus aureus ndi momwe matendawa amapangidwira;
• Klebsiella pneumoniae, yemwenso amadziwika kuti Klebsiella wopanga carbapenemase, kapena KPC, omwe ndi mabakiteriya omwe amatha kupanga michere yomwe imatha kuletsa ntchito ya maantibayotiki ena. Onani momwe mungadziwire ndikuchiza matenda a KPC;
• Acinetobacter baumannii, yomwe imapezeka m'madzi, nthaka ndi chipatala, ndi mitundu ina yolimbana ndi aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones ndi beta-lactams;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa, yomwe imawerengedwa kuti ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa matenda makamaka ku ICU mwa odwala omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chovuta;
• Enterococcus faecium, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda amkodzo ndi matumbo mwa anthu omwe agonekedwa;
• Proteus sp., yomwe imakhudzana kwambiri ndi matenda amkodzo ku ICU komanso omwe alimbana ndi maantibayotiki angapo;
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae, yomwe ndi bakiteriya yomwe imayambitsa matenda a chinzonono ndipo mitundu ina yazindikirika kale ngati yosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuwonetsa kulimbana kwambiri ndi Azithromycin, chifukwa chake, matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mitundu iyi amadziwika kuti supergonorrhea.

Kuphatikiza pa izi, pali mabakiteriya ena omwe ayamba kupanga njira zolimbana ndi maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda awo, monga Salmonella sp., Chinthaka sp.,Haemophilus influenzae ndipo Msika spp. Chifukwa chake, chithandizocho chimakhala chovuta kwambiri, chifukwa ndizovuta kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Kupezeka kwa kachilomboka sikumayambitsa zizindikilo, ndizizindikiro zokha za matendawa zomwe zimadziwika, zomwe zimasiyana kutengera mtundu wa mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa matendawa. Nthawi zambiri kupezeka kwa tizilomboti kumawoneka pomwe chithandizo chomwe dokotala akuwonetsa sichitha kugwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa zizindikilo.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti kuyezetsa kwatsopano kwa microbiological ndi antibiotic yatsopano kuchitidwe kuti zitsimikizire ngati mabakiteriya alimbana ndi, motero, kukhazikitsa njira yatsopano. Onani momwe mankhwalawa amapangidwira.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo tosiyanasiyana chimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa kukana ndi mabakiteriya, ndipo nthawi zina amalimbikitsidwa kuti azichiritsidwa kuchipatala ndi jakisoni wa maantibayotiki omwe amalowa m'mitsempha yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndikupewa kuwonekera kwa matenda atsopano.

Mukamalandira chithandizo wodwalayo ayenera kukhala yekhayekha komanso kuchezera kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zovala, masks ndi magolovesi kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa ndi anthu ena. Nthawi zina, kuphatikiza kwa maantibayotiki opitilira 2 kungakhale kofunikira kuti superbug iyang'anitsidwe ndikuchotsedwa. Ngakhale mankhwalawa ndi ovuta, ndizotheka kuthana ndi mabakiteriya olimbana nawo ambiri.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito maantibayotiki molondola

Pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki molondola, popewa kukula kwa superbugs, ndikofunikira kumwa maantibayotiki pokhapokha akapatsidwa ndi dokotala, kutsatira kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, ngakhale zizindikirozo zitasowa mankhwala asanathe.

Chisamaliro ichi ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri chifukwa zizindikilo zikayamba kuchepa, anthu amasiya kumwa maantibayotiki motero mabakiteriya amayamba kulimbana ndi mankhwalawo, zomwe zimaika aliyense pachiwopsezo.

Chenjezo lina ndikungogula maantibayotiki ndi mankhwala ndipo mukachira, tengani mankhwala otsalawo ku pharmacy, osataya maphukusi mu zinyalala, chimbudzi, kapena zaku khitchini kupewa zodetsa chilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa mabakiteriya kukhala olimba komanso ovuta kulimbana nawo. Nazi njira zopewera kukana maantibayotiki.