Tenofovir, Piritsi Yamlomo

Zamkati

• Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
• Tenofovir ndi chiyani?
• Chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito
• Momwe imagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira za Tenofovir
• Zotsatira zofala kwambiri
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Tenofovir itha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena
• Maantibayotiki ochokera pagulu la aminoglycoside
• Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutupa (NSAIDs)
• Mankhwala a Hepatitis B virus
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo (osati mankhwala a HIV)
• Mankhwala a HIV
• Mankhwala a Hepatitis C
• Momwe mungatenge tenofovir
• Mitundu ya mankhwala ndi mphamvu
• Mlingo wa kachirombo ka HIV (Viread ndi generic yokha)
• Mlingo wa matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B (Viread ndi generic okha)
• Mlingo wa matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B (Vemlidy okha)
• Maganizo apadera
• Machenjezo a Tenofovir
• Chenjezo la FDA: Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B
  
• Machenjezo ena
• Kuchulukitsa chenjezo la ntchito ya impso
• Chenjezo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso
• Mankhwala ena a HIV amachenjeza
• Chenjezo kwa amayi apakati
• Chenjezo kwa amayi omwe akuyamwitsa
• Chenjezo kwa okalamba
• Tengani monga mwalamulidwa
• Zofunikira pakuchita tenofovir
• Zonse
• Yosungirako
• Zowonjezeranso
• Kuyenda
• Kuwunika kuchipatala
• Kupezeka
• Ndalama zobisika
• Chilolezo chisanachitike
• Kodi pali njira zina?

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

1. Pulogalamu yamlomo ya Tenofovir imapezeka ngati mankhwala achibadwa komanso ngati dzina lodziwika. Dzinalo: Viread, Vemlidy.
2. Tenofovir imabwera m'njira ziwiri: piritsi lokamwa ndi ufa wapakamwa.
3. Pulogalamu yamlomo ya Tenofovir imavomerezedwa kuchiza matenda a kachirombo ka HIV komanso matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B.

Tenofovir ndi chiyani?

Tenofovir ndi mankhwala akuchipatala. Zimabwera ngati piritsi yamlomo ndi ufa wamlomo.

Piritsi la Tenofovir likupezeka ngati mankhwala achibadwa komanso ngati mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti ndi mankhwala Viread ndi Vemlidy.

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo limodzi la mankhwala ophatikizana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kumwa mankhwalawa kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena kuti muchiritse matenda anu.

Chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Tenofovir amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza:

• Matenda a HIV, kuphatikiza mankhwala ena ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV. Mankhwalawa samachotsa kachilomboka kwathunthu, koma amathandiza kuwongolera.
• matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B.

Momwe imagwirira ntchito

Tenofovir ndi m'gulu la mankhwala otchedwa nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis B reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI). Gulu la mankhwala ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zofananira.

Tenofovir imagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi kumatenda onse a HIV komanso matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B. Imalepheretsa mphamvu ya reverse transcriptase, ma enzyme omwe amafunikira kuti kachilombo kalikonse kadzipange. Kuletsa reverse transcriptase kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka m'magazi anu.

Tenofovir imathanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwama CD4. Ma CD4 ndi maselo oyera omwe amalimbana ndi matenda.

Zotsatira za Tenofovir

Piritsi lamlomo la Tenofovir silimayambitsa kugona, koma limatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina.

Zotsatira zofala kwambiri

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika ndi tenofovir ndi monga:

• kukhumudwa
• ululu
• kupweteka kwa msana
• kutsegula m'mimba
• mutu
• kuvuta kugona
• nseru kapena kusanza
• zidzolo

Ngati zotsatirazi ndizochepa, zimatha kutha masiku angapo kapena milungu ingapo. Ngati ali ovuta kwambiri kapena osapita, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Itanani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zovuta zina. Itanani 911 ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuwopseza moyo kapena ngati mukuganiza kuti mukukumana ndi vuto lachipatala. Zotsatira zoyipa komanso zizindikilo zake zimatha kukhala izi:

• Lactic acidosis. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • kufooka
  • kupweteka kwa minofu
  • kupweteka m'mimba ndi nseru ndi kusanza
  • kugunda kwamtima mosasinthasintha kapena mwachangu
  • chizungulire
  • kuvuta kupuma
  • kumverera kozizira m'miyendo kapena m'manja
• Kukulitsa chiwindi. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • mkodzo wakuda
  • kupweteka m'mimba kapena kusapeza bwino
  • kutopa
  • khungu lachikasu
  • nseru
• Kuchulukitsa matenda a kachilombo ka hepatitis B. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • kupweteka m'mimba
  • mkodzo wakuda
  • malungo
  • nseru
  • kufooka
  • chikasu cha khungu ndi azungu amaso anu (jaundice)
• Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mchere
• Matenda okonzanso chitetezo cha mthupi. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira zamatenda am'mbuyomu.
• Kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito ya impso. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pang'onopang'ono popanda zizindikiro zambiri, kapena zimayambitsa zizindikiro monga:
  • kutopa
  • kupweteka
  • kudzikuza

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala amakhudza munthu aliyense mosiyanasiyana, sitingatsimikizire kuti izi zimaphatikizaponso zovuta zonse zomwe zingachitike. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse muzikambirana mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi othandizira azaumoyo omwe amadziwa mbiri yanu yazachipatala.

Tenofovir itha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena

Pulogalamu yamlomo ya Tenofovir imatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena, mavitamini, kapena zitsamba zomwe mwina mukumwa. Kulumikizana ndi pamene chinthu chimasintha momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito. Izi zitha kukhala zowononga kapena kuletsa mankhwalawa kuti asagwire ntchito bwino.

Pofuna kupewa kuyanjana, dokotala ayenera kuyang'anira mankhwala anu onse mosamala. Onetsetsani kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse, mavitamini, kapena zitsamba zomwe mukumwa. Kuti mudziwe momwe mankhwalawa angagwirizane ndi china chake chomwe mumatenga, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala.

Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angayambitse kulumikizana ndi tenofovir alembedwa pansipa.

Maantibayotiki ochokera pagulu la aminoglycoside

Kutenga maantibayotiki ena ndi tenofovir kumatha kukulitsa chiopsezo cha impso. Mankhwalawa ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo (IV) omwe amaperekedwa muzipatala. Zikuphatikizapo:

• alireza
• amikacin
• magwire

Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutupa (NSAIDs)

Mukamatenga tenofovir, musagwiritse ntchito MID yambiri, tengani kangapo kamodzi, kapena muwatenge nthawi yayitali. Kuchita izi kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa impso. Zitsanzo za NSAID ndizo:

• diclofenac
• ibuprofen
• ketoprofen
• naproxen
• magwire

Mankhwala a Hepatitis B virus

Osagwiritsa ntchito adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera) pamodzi ndi tenofovir.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo (osati mankhwala a HIV)

Kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ndi tenofovir kumakulitsa chiopsezo cha impso. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• cidofovir
• acyclovir
• kutchfuneral
• ganciclovir
• alirezatalischi

Mankhwala a HIV

Ngati mukufuna kumwa mankhwala enaake a HIV ndi tenofovir, dokotala wanu akhoza kusintha mlingo wa tenofovir kapena mankhwala ena a HIV. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• atazanavir (Reyataz, yekha kapena "wolimbikitsidwa" ndi ritonavir)
• darunavir (Prezista), "wolimbikitsidwa" ndi ritonavir
• didanosine (Videx)
• lopinavir / ritonavir (Kaletra)

Mankhwala a HIV pansipa onse ali ndi tenofovir. Kutenga mankhwalawa limodzi ndi tenofovir kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa tenofovir yomwe mumalandira. Kupeza mankhwala ochulukirapo kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu chazovuta. Zina mwa zotsatirazi zitha kukhala zoyipa, monga kuwonongeka kwa impso.

Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• efavirenz / emtricitabine / tenofovir (Atripla)
• bictegravir / emtricitabine / tenofovir alafenamide (Biktarvy)
• emtricitabine / rilpirivine / tenofovir (Complera)
• emtricitabine / tenofovir (Descovy)
• elvitegravir / cobicistat / emtricitabine / tenofovir (Genvoya)
• emtricitabine / rilpirivine / tenofovir (Odefsey)
• elvitegravir / cobicistat / emtricitabine / tenofovir (Wopatsa)
• emtricitabine / tenofovir (Truvada)
• doravirine / lamivudine / tenofovir (Delstrigo)
• efavirenz / lamivudine / tenofovir (Symfi, Symfi Lo)

Mankhwala a Hepatitis C

Kutenga mankhwala ena a hepatitis C ndi tenofovir kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa tenofovir mthupi lanu. Izi zitha kuyambitsa zovuta zina kuchokera ku mankhwalawa. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• ledipasvir / sofosbuvir (Harvoni)
• sofosbuvir / velpatasvir / voxilaprevir (Vosevi)

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala amagwirira ntchito mosiyanasiyana mwa munthu aliyense, sitingatsimikizire kuti izi zikuphatikizira kulumikizana kulikonse kotheka. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo momwe mungachitire ndi mankhwala, mavitamini, zitsamba ndi zowonjezera, komanso mankhwala omwe mumamwa.

Momwe mungatenge tenofovir

Mlingo ndi mafomu onse omwe sangakhale nawo sangaphatikizidwe pano. Mlingo wanu, mawonekedwe anu, komanso kuti mumatenga kangati zimadalira:

• zaka zanu
• matenda omwe akuchiritsidwa
• momwe matenda anu alili
• Matenda ena omwe muli nawo
• momwe mumachitira ndi mankhwala oyamba

Mitundu ya mankhwala ndi mphamvu

Zowonjezera: Tenofovir

• Mawonekedwe: piritsi yamlomo
• Mphamvu: 150 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 300 mg

Mtundu: Viread

• Mawonekedwe: piritsi yamlomo
• Mphamvu: 150 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 300 mg

Mtundu: Vemlidy

• Mawonekedwe: piritsi yamlomo
• Mphamvu: 25 mg

Mlingo wa kachirombo ka HIV (Viread ndi generic yokha)

Mlingo wa achikulire (azaka 18 kapena kupitilira apo omwe amalemera pafupifupi 77 lb. [35 kg])

Mlingo wake ndi piritsi limodzi la 300-mg patsiku.

Mlingo wa ana (azaka 12-17 wazaka zochepa osachepera 77 lb. [35 kg])

Mlingo wake ndi piritsi limodzi la 300-mg patsiku.

Mlingo wa ana (wazaka ziwiri mpaka ziwiri kapena osakwana 77 lb. [35 kg])

Dokotala wa mwana wanu adzakupatsani mlingo malinga ndi kulemera kwake kwa mwana wanu.

Mlingo wa ana (miyezi 0-25 miyezi)

Mlingo wa anthu ochepera zaka 2 sunakhazikitsidwe.

Mlingo wa matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B (Viread ndi generic okha)

Mlingo wa achikulire (azaka 18 kapena kupitilira apo omwe amalemera pafupifupi 77 lb. [35 kg])

Mlingo wake ndi piritsi limodzi la 300-mg patsiku.

Mlingo wa ana (azaka 12-17 wazaka zochepa osachepera 77 lb. [35 kg])

Mlingo wake ndi piritsi limodzi la 300-mg patsiku.

Mlingo wa ana (wazaka 12-17 wazaka wazaka zosakwana 77 lb. [35 kg])

Mlingo sunakhazikitsidwe kwa ana omwe amalemera ochepera 77 lb. (35 kg).

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-11 zaka)

Mlingo wa anthu ochepera zaka 12 sunakhazikitsidwe.

Mlingo wa matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B (Vemlidy okha)

Mlingo wachikulire (wazaka 18 kapena kupitirira)

Mlingo wake ndi piritsi limodzi la 25-mg patsiku.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-17 zaka)

Mlingo wa anthu ochepera zaka 18 sunakhazikitsidwe.

Maganizo apadera

Kwa okalamba: Ngati muli ndi zaka 65 kapena kupitirira, dokotala wanu akhoza kusintha mlingo wanu. Mutha kukhala ndi zosintha monga kuchepa kwa ntchito ya impso, zomwe zingakupangitseni kufuna mankhwala ochepa.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso: Lankhulani ndi dokotala musanatenge tenofovir. Mankhwalawa amachotsedwa mthupi lanu ndi impso zanu. Matenda a impso amatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala m'thupi lanu, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zoyipa. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukulemberani mlingo wochepa.

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhudza munthu aliyense mosiyanasiyana, sitingatsimikizire kuti mndandandawu umaphatikizira miyezo yonse yotheka. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala za mlingo woyenera kwa inu.

Machenjezo a Tenofovir

Chenjezo la FDA: Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B

• Mankhwalawa ali ndi chenjezo lakuda lakuda. Ili ndiye chenjezo lalikulu kwambiri kuchokera ku Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Machenjezo akuda akuchenjeza madokotala ndi odwala za zovuta zamankhwala zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa.
• Ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B ndipo mutenga tenofovir koma kenako ndikusiya, hepatitis B yanu imatha kukula. Dokotala wanu adzafunika kuyang'anitsitsa chiwindi chanu ngati mungasiye mankhwala. Mungafunike kuyambiranso chithandizo cha matenda a chiwindi a B.

Machenjezo ena

Kuchulukitsa chenjezo la ntchito ya impso

Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa impso kapena kuwonjezeka. Dokotala wanu amayenera kuyang'anira ntchito ya impso musanadye komanso mukamalandira mankhwalawa.

Chenjezo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso

Tenofovir imasefedwa kudzera mu impso zanu. Ngati muli ndi matenda a impso, kumwa kungayambitse impso zanu. Mlingo wanu ungafunike kuchepetsedwa.

Mankhwala ena a HIV amachenjeza

Tenofovir sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala osakaniza omwe ali kale ndi tenofovir. Kuphatikiza mankhwalawa ndi tenofovir kumatha kukupangitsani kuti mupeze mankhwala ochulukirapo ndikupangitsa zotsatira zina zoyipa. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• Atripla
• Complera
• Kutsika
• Genvoya
• Odefsey
• Kugulitsa
• Truvada

Chenjezo kwa amayi apakati

Tenofovir ndi gulu la mimba B. Izi zikutanthauza zinthu ziwiri:

1. Kafukufuku wamankhwala anyama yapakati sanawonetse chiopsezo kwa mwana wosabadwayo.
2. Palibe maphunziro okwanira omwe apangidwa kwa amayi apakati kuti asonyeze kuti mankhwalawa ali pachiwopsezo kwa mwana wosabadwayo

Sipanapezeke maphunziro okwanira pazokhudza tenofovir mwa amayi apakati. Tenofovir iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yapakati ngati ikufunika.

Chenjezo kwa amayi omwe akuyamwitsa

A akuti ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV simuyenera kuyamwitsa, chifukwa kachilombo ka HIV kangaperekedwe mwa mkaka wa m'mawere kupita kwa mwana wanu. Kuphatikiza apo, tenofovir imadutsa mkaka wa m'mawere ndipo imatha kukhala ndi zovuta zoyipa kwa mwana yemwe akuyamwitsa.

Chenjezo kwa okalamba

Ngati muli ndi zaka 65 kapena kupitilira apo, thupi lanu limatha kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa pang'onopang'ono. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pamlingo wotsika kuti muwonetsetse kuti mankhwalawa samangokhala mthupi lanu. Mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri m'thupi lanu akhoza kukhala owopsa.

Onani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi mukamamwa mankhwalawa:

• kuchuluka kwa malungo
• mutu
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• chikhure
• zotupa zamatenda zotupa
• thukuta usiku

Tengani monga mwalamulidwa

Tenofovir imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kachilombo ka HIV nthawi yayitali. Matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B amafunikira chithandizo chanthawi yayitali. Pakhoza kukhala zovuta zoyipa kwambiri ngati simumamwa mankhwalawa ndendende momwe dokotala amakuwuzirani.

Mukayima, kuphonya mlingo, kapena musatenge nthawi yake: Kuti HIV yanu muchepetse, muyenera kuchuluka kwa tenofovir mthupi lanu nthawi zonse. Mukasiya kumwa tenofovir, kuphonya Mlingo, kapena osamwa nthawi zonse, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala m'thupi lanu kumasintha. Kuperewera kwa Mlingo pang'ono ndikokwanira kuloleza HIV kuti isagonjetsedwe ndi mankhwalawa. Izi zitha kubweretsa matenda akulu komanso mavuto azaumoyo.

Kuti muchepetse matenda anu a hepatitis B, mankhwalawa amafunika kumwedwa pafupipafupi. Kusowa kwa milingo ingapo kumachepetsa momwe mankhwalawa amagwirira ntchito.

Kumwa mankhwala anu nthawi yofanana tsiku lililonse kumawonjezera luso lanu loteteza kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda a chiwindi a C.

Ngati mwaphonya mlingo: Mukaiwala kumwa mankhwala anu, tengani mwamsanga mukamakumbukira. Ngati kwangotsala maola ochepa kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwala, dikirani kuti mutenge mlingo umodzi nthawi yomweyo.

Imwani mlingo umodzi wokha kamodzi. Osayesa konse kutenga mwa kumwa miyezo iwiri nthawi imodzi. Izi zitha kubweretsa zovuta zoyipa, monga kuwonongeka kwa impso.

Momwe mungadziwire ngati mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito: Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ku HIV, dokotala wanu adzawona kuchuluka kwanu kwa CD4 kuti adziwe ngati mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito. Ma CD4 ndi maselo oyera omwe amalimbana ndi matenda. Kuchuluka kwa ma CD4 cell ndi chisonyezo chakuti mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito.

Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ngati matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B, dokotala wanu adzawona kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV m'magazi anu. Kuchepetsa kachilombo ka HIV m'magazi mwanu ndi chizindikiro chakuti mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito.

Zofunikira pakuchita tenofovir

Kumbukirani izi ngati dokotala akukulemberani tenofovir.

Zonse

• Mutha kumwa mapiritsi a generic tenofovir ndi mapiritsi a Viread popanda kapena chakudya. Komabe, nthawi zonse muyenera kumwa mapiritsi a Vemlidy ndi chakudya.
• Mutha kudula kapena kuphwanya mapiritsi a tenofovir.

Yosungirako

• Sungani mapiritsi a tenofovir kutentha kwapakati: 77 ° F (25 ° C). Amatha kusungidwa kwakanthawi kochepa kutentha kwa 59 ° F mpaka 86 ° F (15 ° C mpaka 30 ° C).
• Sungani botolo mwamphamvu ndipo musakhale ndi kuwala ndi chinyezi.
• Musasunge mankhwalawa m'malo onyowa kapena onyowa, monga mabafa.

Zowonjezeranso

Mankhwala a mankhwalawa amakonzanso. Simuyenera kusowa mankhwala atsopano kuti mudzazidwenso. Dokotala wanu adzalemba kuchuluka kwa mafuta obwezerezedwanso pamankhwala anu.

Kuyenda

Mukamayenda ndi mankhwala anu:

• Nthawi zonse muzinyamula mankhwala anu. Mukamauluka, musayikenso m'thumba lofufuzidwa. Sungani m'thumba lanu.
• Osadandaula za makina a X-ray pabwalo la ndege. Sangathe kuvulaza mankhwala anu.
• Mungafunike kuwonetsa ogwira ntchito ku eyapoti chizindikiro cha mankhwala anu. Nthawi zonse muzinyamula chidebe choyambirira cholembedwa ndi mankhwala.
• Musayike mankhwalawa m'galimoto yamagolovu amgalimoto yanu kapena siyani m'galimoto. Onetsetsani kuti musachite izi nyengo ikatentha kapena kuzizira kwambiri.

Kuwunika kuchipatala

Mukamalandira chithandizo cha tenofovir, dokotala akhoza kuyesa izi:

• Kuyesa kachulukidwe ka mafupa: Tenofovir ikhoza kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mafupa anu. Dokotala wanu akhoza kuyesa mayesero apadera monga kuyesa fupa kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa mafupa anu.
• Ntchito ya impso: Mankhwalawa amachotsedwa m'thupi lanu kudzera mu impso zanu. Dokotala wanu adzayang'ana impso yanu asanalandire chithandizo ndipo akhoza kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi ya chithandizo kuti adziwe ngati mukufuna kusintha kulikonse.
• Mayeso ena a labu: Kukula kwanu ndi chithandizo chanu chitha kuwerengedwa kudzera m'mayeso ena a labu. Dokotala wanu amatha kuwona kuchuluka kwa ma virus m'magazi anu kapena amayesa maselo oyera amwazi kuti muwone momwe mukuyendera.

Kupezeka

• Osati mankhwala aliwonse omwe amakhala ndi mankhwalawa. Mukadzaza mankhwala anu, onetsetsani kuti mwayitanitsa patsogolo kuti mutsimikizire kuti mankhwala omwe muli nawo ali nawo.
• Ngati mungofunika mapiritsi ochepa, muyenera kuyimba ndikufunsani ngati mankhwala anu amapereka ochepa chabe. Ma pharmacies ena sangapereke gawo limodzi la botolo.
• Mankhwalawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri kuchokera kuma pharmacies apadera kudzera mu inshuwaransi yanu. Ma pharmacieswa amagwira ntchito ngati ma pharmacy oyitanitsa makalata ndipo amakutumizirani mankhwalawo.
• M'mizinda ikuluikulu, nthawi zambiri pamakhala malo azachipatala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV komwe mungadzaze mankhwala anu. Funsani dokotala ngati pali malo ogulitsa mankhwala a HIV m'dera lanu.

Ndalama zobisika

Mukamatenga tenofovir, mungafunike kuyesedwa kwina kwa labu, kuphatikiza:

• kuchuluka kwa mafupa (komwe kumachitika kamodzi pachaka kapena kangapo)
• kuyesa kwa impso

Chilolezo chisanachitike

Makampani ambiri a inshuwaransi amafuna chilolezo choyambirira cha mankhwalawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dokotala wanu adzafunika kuvomerezedwa ndi kampani yanu ya inshuwaransi kampani yanu ya inshuwaransi isanakulipireni mankhwalawo. Dokotala wanu angafunikire kulemba zolemba, ndipo izi zitha kuchedwetsa chithandizo chanu kwa sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri.

Kodi pali njira zina?

Pali njira zingapo zochiritsira HIV komanso matenda a chiwindi osachiritsika a B. Ena akhoza kukhala oyenera inu kuposa ena. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zina zomwe zingatheke.

Chodzikanira: Healthaline yayesetsa kwambiri kuti zidziwitso zonse zikhale zolondola, zokwanira, komanso zaposachedwa. Komabe, nkhaniyi sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chidziwitso ndi ukadaulo wa akatswiri pazachipatala. Muyenera kufunsa adotolo kapena akatswiri azaumoyo musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse. Zambiri zamankhwala zomwe zili pano zitha kusintha ndipo sizingapangidwe kuti zigwiritse ntchito, mayendedwe, zodzitetezera, machenjezo, kulumikizana ndi mankhwala, kusokonezeka, kapena zovuta zina. Kusapezeka kwa machenjezo kapena zidziwitso za mankhwala omwe apatsidwa sikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza mankhwala kapena mankhwalawa ndiwotetezeka, ogwira ntchito, komanso oyenera kwa odwala onse kapena ntchito zina zilizonse.