Misonkho ya Pinki: Mtengo Weniweni wa Mitengo Yotengera Amuna Kapena Akazi
Zamkati
Ngati mumagula pamalo aliwonse ogulitsa pa intaneti kapena malo ogulitsira njerwa, mutha kupeza njira yotsatsa yotsatsa kutengera jenda.
Zogulitsa "Zachimuna" zimabwera mumtundu wakuda kapena navy wabuluu wokhala ndi mayina amawu monga Bull Dog, Vikings Blade, ndi Rugged ndi Dapper. Ngati mankhwalawa ali ndi fungo labwino, ndimafungo a muskier.
Pakadali pano, zopangidwa "zachikazi" ndizovuta kuziphonya: kuphulika kwa pinki komanso kofiirira mopepuka, ndikuthira kowonjezera kwa glitter. Ngati zonunkhira, zonunkhira ndizopatsa zipatso komanso zamaluwa, monga mtola wokoma ndi violet, duwa la apulo, ndi mvula ya rasipiberi - zilizonse zomwe zingakhalepo.
Ngakhale kununkhira ndi utoto mwina ndizosiyana kwambiri pakati pazogulitsa zomwe mwamwambo zimayang'ana amuna ndi akazi, pali china, chosamveka kusiyana: mtengo. Ndipo zimawononga ndalama kwa iwo omwe amagula zogulitsa azimayi kwambiri.
'Misonkho ya pinki'
Mitengo yokhudzana ndi jenda, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "msonkho wapinki," ndikulipira pazinthu zomwe mwachikhalidwe zimapangidwira azimayi zomwe zimangokhala ndi zodzoladzola zosiyana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito amuna.
Mwanjira ina, si msonkho kwenikweni.
Ndi "ndalama zopangira ndalama kumakampani azinsinsi omwe adapeza njira yopangira kuti malonda awo awoneke kuti ndi olunjika kwa anthu ambiri ndipo adawona kuti ndiopanga ndalama," akufotokoza a Jennifer Weiss-Wolf, loya, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti Brennan School of Justice ku NYU School of Law, komanso woyambitsa wa Period Equity.
"Ndikuganiza kuti zolimbikitsa pamisonkho yapinki zimachokera momveka bwino kuchokera ku capitalist: Ngati mungathe kupanga ndalama, muyenera," akupitiliza.
Komabe msonkho wapinki si chinthu chachilendo. Pazaka 20 zapitazi, California, Connecticut, Florida, ndi South Dakota atulutsa malipoti okhudza mitengo ya jenda m'maiko awo. Mu 2010, Consumer Reports adatsimikiza za nkhaniyi mdziko lonse ndi kafukufuku yemwe, panthawiyo, azimayi amalipira ndalama zochulukirapo kuposa 50% ya amuna pazinthu zofananira.
Nkhaniyi idafotokozedwa bwino kwambiri mu 2015 pomwe Dipatimenti Yogula Anthu ku New York idatulutsa lipoti lakusiyanitsa kwamitengo yazinthu 794 zofananira kuchokera kuzinthu 91 zomwe zidagulitsidwa mzindawo.
Ripotilo lidasanthula mafakitale asanu osiyanasiyana, monga zinthu zokomera anthu kapena zamankhwala zapanyumba. Izi zimaphatikizapo magulu 35 azogulitsa, monga kutsuka thupi kapena shampu. M'mafakitale asanu aliwonsewa, katundu wogulitsidwa kwa amayi ndi atsikana amawononga ndalama zambiri. Zomwezo zinali choncho m'magulu onse azinthu 35 kupatula zisanu.
Ofufuzawo adayang'ana pazinthu za 106 mgulu la zoseweretsa ndi zowonjezera ndipo adapeza kuti, pafupifupi, zomwe zimapangidwira atsikana zinali pamtengo wokwera 7 peresenti.
Zowonjezera zazikuluzikulu, komabe, zinali pazinthu zosamalira anthu.
Mwachitsanzo, maphukusi asanu a Schick Hydro okhala ndi zotengera zofiirira amawononga $ 18.49, pomwe kuwerengera komweku kwa Schick Hydro kumabwezeretsanso ma buluu kumawononga $ 14.99.
Apanso, kupatula mtundu wawo wokutira, zogulitsa zimawoneka chimodzimodzi.
Lipoti la NYC lapeza kuti azimayi akukumana ndi kusiyana kwapakati pamitengo 13% pazinthu zosamalira anthu pakati pazinthu 122 poyerekeza ndi kafukufukuyu. Ndipo olembawo adazindikira moyenera kuti zinthu izi, monga gel osakaniza ndi mankhwala onunkhiritsa, ndizomwe zimagulidwa pafupipafupi poyerekeza ndi magulu ena - kutanthauza kuti ndalamazo zimawonjezeka pakapita nthawi. Ngakhale izi sizabwino kwa onse omwe amagula zinthuzi, kuchuluka kwa mitengo 13% kumakhudza amayi ndi atsikana omwe amachokera m'mabanja ochepa.
Kuyesa kwamalamulo, komabe, kumatha kukonza msonkho wapinki. Mu 1995, a Assemblywoman a Jackie Speier adapambana bwino chikalatacho choletsa mitengo yazantchito, monga kumeta tsitsi.
Tsopano ngati Congresswoman, Rep. Speier (D-CA) akupita kudziko lonse: Adakhazikitsanso Pinki Yofunsira Misonkho chaka chino kuti athe kuthana ndi zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa pamisonkho ya pinki. (Mtundu wakale wa bil yomwe idayambitsidwa mu 2016 yalephera kutulutsa komiti). Lamuloli likadutsa, lingalole maloya aboma "kuti achitepo kanthu pawomwe akhudzidwa ndi tsankho." Mwanjira ina, atha kupita pambuyo pa mabizinesi omwe amalipiritsa amuna ndi akazi mitengo yosiyanasiyana.
Misonkho ya 'tampon'
Misonkho ya pinki siyokhayo yomwe imakhudza amayi. Palinso "msonkho wa tampon," womwe umatanthawuza msonkho wogulitsa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zaukhondo zachikazi monga mapadi, ma liners, tampons, ndi makapu.
Pakadali pano, mayiko 36 akugwiritsabe ntchito misonkho yogulitsira pazinthu zofunika kusamba izi, malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la Weiss-Wolf limanena Period Equity. Misonkho yogulitsa pazinthuzi imasiyanasiyana ndipo imakhazikitsidwa misonkho ya boma.
Ndiye? Mwina mungadabwe. Aliyense amalipira msonkho wogulitsa. Zikuwoneka zachilungamo kuti ma tamponi ndi mapadi ali ndi msonkho wogulitsa, nawonso.
Osati kwenikweni, atero Weiss-Wolf. Mayiko akhazikitsa misonkho yawoyawo, ndipo m'buku lake Nthawi Zapita Pagulu: Kuyimira Kusamba Kwa Msambo, akufotokozera zina mwazinthu zosafunikira kwenikweni zomwe mayiko ena ali nazo.
"Ndidadutsa nambala iliyonse yamisonkho m'boma lililonse yomwe sinathetseretu kusamba kuti ndiwone zomwe achita, ndipo mndandandawo ndiwoseketsa," a Weiss-Wolf awuza a Healthline. Zinthu zopanda misonkho, zomwe zalembedwa m'buku la Weiss-Wolf ndi Healthline yomwe idatsatiridwa, kuyambira marshmallows ku Florida mpaka kuphika vinyo ku California. Maine ndi njinga zoyenda pa chipale chofewa, ndipo ndi njere za mpendadzuwa ku Indiana komanso mamembala amfuti ku Wisconsin.
Ngati nyemba za mpendadzuwa zilibe misonkho, akutero Weiss-Wolf, ndiye kuti zinthu zaukhondo zachikazi ziyeneranso.
Misonkho ya tampon nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti ndi msonkho wapamwamba, a Weiss-Wolf amafotokoza. M'malo mwake, ndi msonkho wamba wogulitsa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zonse - koma popeza ndi anthu okhawo omwe amasamba omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zaukhondo zachikazi, misonkhoyo imatisokoneza kwambiri.
Monga kulipira kwa zinthu zosamalira amayi, ndalama zochepa zogulitsa zomwe timapereka mwezi uliwonse kuti tiwongolere Aunt Flo zimawonjezeka kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo izi zimakhudza amayi ochokera m'mabanja omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa.
"Vutoli limakhudzanso anthu," a Weiss-Wolf akuuza a Healthline. "Ndikuganiza mwina chifukwa chakuti msambo umapezeka paliponse kwa aliyense amene wakhalapo, monga kumvetsetsa kuti kutha kuyisamalira ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti munthu athe kutenga nawo mbali mokwanira pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndikukhala ndi moyo wolemekezeka."
Amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi mikwingwirima yonse yandale amamvetsetsa kuti "chuma chakusamba," monga Weiss-Wolf amadzitchulira, sichimangochita zokha. Gulu lake Period Equity lidatulutsa magaziniyi mdziko lonse mu 2015 polumikizana ndi magazini ya Cosmopolitan pa pempho la Change.org kuti "akhometse msonkho." Koma msonkho wogulitsa uyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi omwe amalimbikitsa boma ndi boma.
Ndipo pali njira yayitali yoti mupite.
Maiko asanu - Alaska, Delaware, New Hampshire, Montana, ndi Oregon - alibe msonkho wogulitsa poyambira, chifukwa chake ma pads ndi ma tampon samakhomeredwa msonkho kumeneko. Pakadali pano, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, ndi Pennsylvania anali atakhazikitsa malamulo pawokha kuti achotse misonkho yogulitsa pazinthuzi, malinga ndi Periods Gone Public.
Kuyambira 2015, chifukwa chakuwonjezera kulimbikitsana munthawi yachilungamo, mayiko 24 adakhazikitsa ngongole kuti asachotse matumba ndi zamphepo pamisonkho yogulitsa. Komabe, ndi Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, ndi New York okha omwe achita bwino popanga zosowa za msonkhazi mpaka pano. Izi zati, Arizona, Nebraska, ndi Virginia adakhazikitsa misonkho yamisonkho m'malamulo awo mu 2018.
Ndiye, ndichifukwa chiyani zatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ayankhulane?
"Chochitika chenicheni ndichakuti ambiri mwa opanga malamulo athu samachita msambo, chifukwa chake samalingalira za izi mwanjira iliyonse yothandiza," akutero Weiss-Wolf.
Kupanga tampons ndi mapadi mosavuta
Kuphatikiza pa misonkho, kulimbikitsana kokhudzana ndi kusamba kumathandiziranso kupezeka kwa ukhondo wazachikazi kwa azimayi ndi amayi opanda pokhala m'ndende komanso masukulu aboma.
"Ndizofunikira monga pepala lachimbudzi," adatero City Councilwoman ku 2016 pomwe NYC idavotera kuti azipanga zinthu zaukhondo zaufulu m'masukulu, malo ogona, ndi ndende. Akuti asukulu opita ku 300,000 azaka zapakati pa 11 mpaka 18 komanso azimayi ndi atsikana 23,000 omwe amakhala m'malo ogona ku NYC adakhudzidwa ndi bwaloli.
Kukhala ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zaukhondo izi kumapereka ulemu ndikutheketsa amayi ndi atsikana kutenga nawo mbali mokwanira pagulu.
"Ngakhale m'ndale zomwe zilipo, zomwe zili ndi poizoni komanso zotayika ... ili ndi gawo limodzi [lopezeka mosavuta lomwe latsimikizira kuti likupitilira kuyanjana ndipo lili ndi chithandizo champhamvu mbali zonse ziwiri," akutero Weiss-Wolf.
Chaka chino, New York State idavotera kuti ipereke zopangira zaufulu zachikazi muzimbudzi za atsikana zamakalasi 6 mpaka 12.
“Nkhaniyi ikumveka bwino kwa anthu. Ndikuganiza mwina chifukwa
zokumana nazo za msambo ndizapadziko lonse lapansi kwa aliyense amene adaziwona, monga
ndikumvetsetsa kuti kutha kuyisamalira ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa wina
kutha kutenga nawo mbali mokwanira pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndikukhala moyo wolemekezeka. ” -
Jennifer Weiss-Wolf
Mu 2015 ndi 2017, wopanga malamulo ku Wisconsin adakhazikitsa lamulo loti ma padi ndi matamponi azipezeka kwaulere m'masukulu aboma, masukulu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya voucha ya boma, komanso nyumba za boma. Ku Canada, khansala wa mumzinda wa Toronto anapempha kuti pakhale lamulo lofananalo lokhudza nyumba za anthu osowa pokhala.
Maiko akutsogola
Kusamba kwa msambo kuli ndi njira zopitira m'maiko ambiri aku America, ndipo titha kuyang'ana kumayiko ena kuti alimbikitse zomwe zingakhale.
- Kenya idatsitsa
msonkho wake wogulitsa pazinthu zaukhondo zachikazi mu 2004 ndipo wagawira mamiliyoni
zakugawana mapadi m'masukulu pofuna kulimbikitsa kupezeka kwa atsikana. - Canada idatsitsa
katundu wake ndi misonkho (yofanana ndi msonkho wamalonda) pamatamponi mu 2015. Australia
adavota
kuti muchite zomwezo mwezi watha, ngakhale zikufunika kuvomerezedwa ndi
magawo payekha. - Pulogalamu yoyendetsa ndege ku Aberdeen,
Scotland ikugawa
mankhwala aukhondo kwa amayi omwe ali m'mabanja omwe amalandira ndalama zochepa ngati mayeso a
pulogalamu yayikulu kwambiri. - United Kingdom inachotsanso tampon
msonkho, ngakhale pali zifukwa zokhudzana ndi Brexit sizingagwire ntchito pano. Kuti
kubwezera, maunyolo angapo ku UK, zotere
monga Tesco, adula mitengo pazinthu zaukhondo za akazi okha.
Kutenga
United States pamapeto pake ikukambirana kwanthawi yayitali pazomwe zimakhudzana ndi biology yathu. Monga ambiri a ife timakonda kukonda mankhwala onunkhiritsa amaluwa, palibe chomwe chimalimbikitsa makampani kuti asiye kuwasiyanitsa - koma atha kusiya kutilipira.
Ndipo ngakhale kukhala ndi nthawi (komanso kukokana komwe kumachitika nawo) sikungakhale kosangalatsa, kukambirana pazachuma cha kusamba kumawoneka ngati kukuwongolera kuchitira chifundo ndi chifundo kwa iwo omwe amafunikira mankhwala kuti azisamalire.
Jessica Wakeman ndi wolemba komanso mkonzi yemwe amayang'ana kwambiri za amayi, ndale, chikhalidwe, komanso chikhalidwe. Kuyambira ku Connecticut, adaphunzira maphunziro a utolankhani komanso jenda komanso kugonana ku NYU. Adakhalapo mkonzi ku The Frisky, Daily Dot, HelloGiggles, YouBeauty, ndi Someecards, ndipo wagwiranso ntchito ku Huffington Post, Radar Magazine, ndi NYmag.com. Zolemba zake zawonekera pamitu yambiri yosindikiza komanso yapaintaneti, kuphatikiza Glamour, Rolling Stone, Bitch, New York Daily News, New York Times Review of Books, The Cut, Bustle, ndi Romper. Ali mgulu la oyang'anira a Bitch Media, media yachikazi yopanda phindu. Amakhala ku Brooklyn ndi amuna awo. Onani zambiri za ntchito yake tsamba lake ndipo mumutsatire iye Twitter.
Malangizo Athu
Kukonza khafu wa Rotator
