Mitundu 5 ya khansa yapakhungu: momwe mungazindikire ndi choti muchite

Zamkati

• 1. Basal cell carcinoma
• 2. Squamous cell carcinoma
• 3. Merkel carcinoma
• 4. Khansa yapakhungu yoopsa
• 5. Masarcomas a khungu

Pali mitundu ingapo ya khansa yapakhungu ndipo yayikulu ndi basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma ndi malignant melanoma, kuphatikiza mitundu ina yocheperako monga Merkel's carcinoma ndi khungu sarcomas.

Khansa izi zimayambitsidwa ndi kukula kosazolowereka komanso kosalamulirika kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imapanga zigawo za khungu ndipo imatha kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana, monga:

• Khansa yapakhungu yopanda khansa ya khansa: komwe kumakhala basal cell, squamous cell kapena Merkel carcinoma, yomwe imakhala yosavuta kuchiza, yokhala ndi mwayi waukulu wochiza;
• Khansa yapakhungu ya Melanoma: Amangokhala ndi khansa yapachilombo yoyipa, yomwe ndi mtundu wowopsa kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi mwayi wochepa kwambiri wamachiritso, makamaka ikazindikira kuti ili patsogolo kwambiri;
• Masewera a khungu: imaphatikizapo Kaposi's sarcoma ndi dermatofibrosarcoma, yomwe imatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi ndipo imafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala malinga ndi mtunduwo.

Pakakhala chikwangwani chokayika pakhungu, chomwe chimasintha mtundu, mawonekedwe kapena kukula, muyenera kufunsa dermatologist kuti muwone ngati pali zilonda komanso zoyenera kuchita nthawi iliyonse.

Onani vidiyo yotsatirayi momwe mungadziwire zizindikilo za khansa yapakhungu:

1. Basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma ndiye khansa yochepa kwambiri komanso yopanda khansa ya khansa ya khansa, yomwe imafanana ndi 95% yamilandu, ndipo imapezeka m'maselo oyambira omwe amakhala pakatikati pa khungu, akuwoneka ngati pini wonyezimira khungu lomwe limakula pang'onopang'ono, limatha kukhala ndi kutumphuka pakatikati pa banga ndipo limatha kutuluka magazi mosavuta. Khansa yamtunduwu imafala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khungu loyera, patatha zaka 40, chifukwa chokhala padzuwa nthawi yonse.

Kumene angabwere: imapezeka pafupifupi nthawi zonse m'malo okhala ndi dzuwa, monga nkhope, khosi, makutu kapena khungu, koma imathanso kupezeka mbali zina za thupi.

Zoyenera kuchita: ngati mukukayikira, pakufunika kufunsa wofufuza zamatenda kuti aunike banga pakhungu ndikuyamba chithandizo choyenera, chomwe, pochita izi, chimachitidwa ndi opaleshoni yaying'ono kapena kugwiritsa ntchito laser kuchotsa mabayo ndikuchotsa maselo onse omwe akhudzidwa. Mvetsetsani zambiri za khansa yamtunduwu ndi chithandizo chake.

2. Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma ndi mtundu wachiwiri wofala kwambiri wa khansa yapakhungu yopanda khansa ya khansa ndipo imawoneka m'maselo otukuka omwe amakhala pagawo lakutali kwambiri pakhungu. Khansara yamtunduwu imafala kwambiri mwa amuna, ngakhale imathanso kupezeka mwa azimayi azaka zilizonse, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lowala, maso ndi tsitsi chifukwa ili ndi melanin yocheperako, yomwe ndi khungu la khungu lomwe limateteza ku radiation ya ultraviolet.

Khansara yamtunduwu imawoneka ngati chotupa chofiira pakhungu kapena mikwingwirima yomwe imatuluka ndikupanga nkhanambo, kapena imawoneka ngati mole.

Kutuluka padzuwa ndi komwe kumayambitsa squamous cell carcinoma koma kumachitikanso kwa omwe amalandira mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena radiotherapy kapena amakhala ndi mavuto akhungu, monga zilonda zomwe sizipola. Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka actinic keratosis, ndipo samalandira chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe dokotala akuwawonetsa, amakhalanso ndi mwayi wopeza khansa yapakhungu yamtunduwu.

Kumene angabwere: imatha kuwoneka paliponse m'thupi koma imapezeka kwambiri kumadera otentha ndi dzuwa, monga khungu, manja, makutu, milomo kapena khosi, zomwe zimawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa monga kusalimba, khwinya kapena kusintha khungu.

Zoyenera kuchita: monga mitundu ina, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dermatologist kuti atsimikizire mtundu wa mabanga ndikuyamba chithandizo, chomwe, mwanjira izi, chimayamba kuchitidwa ndi opaleshoni yaying'ono kapena njira ina, monga kuzizira, kuchotsa zambiri maselo osintha. Pambuyo pake, ngati kuli kotheka, radiotherapy imatha kuchitidwanso, mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa maselo otsala.

3. Merkel carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma ndi khansa yapadera ya khansa ya khansa ndipo imakonda kwambiri anthu okalamba chifukwa chokhala padzuwa kwakanthawi m'miyoyo yawo yonse kapena anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.

Khansara yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati chotupa chopanda ululu, chofiyira khungu kapena chofiyira kumaso, kumutu kapena m'khosi ndipo chimakula ndikufalikira mwachangu mbali zina za thupi.

Kumene zingachitike: imatha kuwonekera pankhope, pamutu kapena m'khosi, koma imathanso kumera paliponse pathupi, ngakhale m'malo omwe dzuwa silikuwala.

Zoyenera kuchita: dermatologist iyenera kufunsidwa ngati banga, mabala kapena chotupa chikuwoneka kuti chimasintha kukula, mawonekedwe kapena utoto, chimakula msanga kapena kutuluka magazi mosavuta pambuyo povulala pang'ono, monga kutsuka khungu kapena kumeta. Dermatologist iyenera kuyesa khungu ndikuyamba chithandizo choyenera, chomwe, panthawiyi, chitha kuchitidwa ndi opaleshoni, radiotherapy, immunotherapy kapena chemotherapy.

4. Khansa yapakhungu yoopsa

Malignant melanoma ndiye khansa yoopsa kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonse ndipo imawoneka ngati kachidutswa kakang'ono kamene kamafooka pakapita nthawi.Itha kupha ngati singazindikiridwe msanga, chifukwa imatha kukula msanga ndikufikira ziwalo zina monga mapapo. Umu ndi momwe mungayang'anire khungu kuti muwone ngati lingakhale khansa ya khansa.

Kumene zingachitike: nthawi zambiri imayamba kumadera otentha ndi dzuwa monga nkhope, mapewa, khungu kapena makutu, makamaka kwa anthu akhungu lowala kwambiri.

Zoyenera kuchita: Popeza khansara yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mwayi wambiri wothandizidwa pomwe mankhwala ayambitsidwa koyambirira, ndikofunikira kuti mawanga amdima, omwe amakula pakapita nthawi ndikukhala osakhazikika, amayesedwa mwachangu ndi dermatologist. Nthaŵi zambiri, amayamba kulandira chithandizo pogwiritsa ntchito maopareshoni kuti atulutse maselo ambiri, ndipo pambuyo pake, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kukhala ndi radiotherapy kapena chemotherapy kuti muchotse maselo omwe atsala pakhungu.

5. Masarcomas a khungu

Ma sarcomas a khungu, monga Kaposi's sarcoma kapena dermatofibrosarcoma, ndi mtundu wa khansa yapakhungu yoyipa yomwe imakhudza zigawo zakuya za khungu.

Dermatofibrosarcoma imatha kuwonekera yokha pambuyo povulala, pachilonda kapena pakuwotcha, ndi matenda a herpes virus mtundu wa 8 (HHV8) kapena kusintha kwa majini. Nthawi zambiri imafala mwa anyamata, koma imathanso kupezeka mwa azimayi, aliwonse, ndipo imawoneka ngati malo ofiira kapena ofiirira pakhungu ndipo imatha kufanana ndi chiphuphu, chilonda kapena chikhomo, makamaka pamtengo wa thupi. M'magawo otsogola kwambiri amatha kupanga mabala pamalo otupa, kutuluka magazi kapena necrosis pakhungu lomwe lakhudzidwa.

Komano, sarcoma ya Kaposi, imafala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, monga anthu omwe adalowamo kapena omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena kachilombo ka herpes. 8. Mtundu uwu umakhala ngati mawanga ofiira pakhungu ndipo zingakhudze thupi lonse. Dziwani zambiri za Kaposi's sarcoma.

Kumene zingachitike: zofala kwambiri kuwonekera pa thunthu, mutu, khosi, miyendo, mikono komanso nthawi zambiri kumaliseche.

Zoyenera kuchita: dermatologist iyenera kufunsidwa ngati malo ofiira amawoneka pakhungu kuti athe kupeza matenda okwanira. Chotupa chamtunduwu chimakhala chankhanza, chitha kufalikira mbali zina za thupi ndipo chikuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi opareshoni, mankhwala a radiation kapena mankhwala am'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amayenera kupitilizidwa ndikumwa mankhwala pafupipafupi ndikumwa mankhwala kuti athetse matendawa.