Kodi chifuwa chachikulu ndi chiyani, mitundu, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• TB ili ndi mankhwala
• Zizindikiro zazikulu za chifuwa chachikulu
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira
• Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu

TB ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu, yemwe amadziwika kuti bacillus wa Koch, yemwe amalowa mthupi kudzera m'mlengalenga ndipo amakhala m'mapapo kapena ziwalo zina za thupi, kukhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB.

Chifukwa chake, kutengera komwe mabakiteriya amapezeka, chifuwa chachikulu chimatha kugawidwa kukhala:

• Chifuwa Cham'mapapo: Ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wamatendawa ndipo umachitika chifukwa cholowa kwa bacillus kumtunda kwam'mapapo komanso m mapapo. Mtundu uwu wa chifuwa chachikulu umadziwika ndi kutsokomola kowuma komanso kosalekeza kapena wopanda magazi, kutsokomola kukhala njira yayikulu yopatsirana, popeza madontho a malovu omwe amatulutsidwa ndi chifuwa ali ndi ma bacilli a Koch, omwe amatha kupatsira anthu ena.
• Matenda a TB: Ndi umodzi mwa mitundu yoopsa kwambiri ya chifuwa chachikulu ndipo imachitika pomwe bacillus imalowa m'magazi ndikufika ziwalo zonse, ndikuwopsa kwa meningitis. Kuphatikiza pa mapapo omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri, ziwalo zina zimathanso kukhudzidwa.
• Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu: Ngakhale sizofala kwambiri, zimachitika pomwe bacillus imatha kulowa ndikukula m'mafupa, zomwe zimatha kupweteketsa komanso kutupa, zomwe sizimapezeka nthawi zonse ndikuchiritsidwa TB;
• Chifuwa cha Ganglionic: Amayambitsidwa ndi kulowa kwa bacillus mu mitsempha yamagazi, ndipo imatha kukhudza ganglia ya pachifuwa, kubuula, pamimba kapena, nthawi zambiri, khosi. Matenda amtundu wamtunduwu omwe amapitilira kunja kwa matenda samapatsirana ndipo amatha kuchiritsidwa mukalandira chithandizo choyenera. Mvetsetsani tanthauzo la chifuwa chachikulu cha ganglion, zizindikiro zake, kupatsirana komanso momwe amathandizira.
• Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu: Zimapezeka pomwe bacillus imakhudza pleura, minofu yomwe imayendetsa m'mapapu, ndikupangitsa kupuma kovuta. Mtundu wa chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo mwake sichitha kupatsirana, komabe chitha kupezeka mukakumana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cham'mapapo kapena kusandulika kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha chifuwa chachikulu chimaperekedwa mwaulere, choncho ngati munthu akukayikira kuti ali ndi matendawa, ayenera kupita kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Chithandizochi chimakhala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a tuberculostatic kwa miyezi pafupifupi 6 motsatizana kapena malinga ndi malangizo a pulmonologist. Mwambiri, mankhwala omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu ndi kuphatikiza Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide ndi Ethambutol.

M'masiku 15 oyambilira amalandira chithandizo, munthuyo ayenera kukhala yekhayekha, chifukwa amatha kufalitsa kachilombo ka TB kwa anthu ena. Pambuyo panthawiyi mutha kubwerera kuzolowera momwe mumakhalira ndikupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo. Mvetsetsani momwe TB imachiritsidwira.

TB ili ndi mankhwala

Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu amachiritsidwa ngati mankhwala achitika moyenera molingana ndi zomwe dokotala wamuuza. Nthawi yothandizidwa ili pafupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotsatizana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale zizindikirazo zitasowa sabata limodzi, munthuyo ayenera kupitiliza kumwa mankhwalawo mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi itakwanira. Ngati izi sizingachitike, mwina kuti chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa chachikulu sichichotsedwa mthupi ndipo matendawa sachira, kuwonjezera apo, pakhoza kukhala kulimbana ndi bakiteriya, komwe kumapangitsa mankhwala kukhala ovuta.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za chifuwa chachikulu

Zizindikiro zazikulu za chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa chachikulu ndi chifuwa chouma komanso chosalekeza kapena magazi, kuchepa thupi, kusowa kwa njala komanso kupuma movutikira. Pankhani ya chifuwa chachikulu cha TB, munthu atha kudya, kugona pansi, thukuta usiku ndi malungo. Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikilo ndi zizindikilo zitha kuwonekera pamalo pomwe bacillus imayikidwapo. Onani zizindikiro 6 zazikulu za chifuwa chachikulu.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Kupezeka kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo kumatha kupangidwa pochita ma x-ray pachifuwa ndikuwunika sputum posaka chifuwa chachikulu cha TB, chotchedwanso BAAR (Alcohol-Acid Resistant Bacillus). Kuti muzindikire chifuwa chachikulu cha TB, kulimbikitsidwa kwa minofu yomwe ikukhudzidwa kumalimbikitsidwa. Kuyesedwa kwa khungu la tuberculin kumatha kuchitidwanso, kotchedwanso kuyesa kwa khungu la tuberculin. Mantoux kapena PPD, zomwe zili zolakwika mu 1/3 mwa odwala. Mvetsetsani momwe PPD yachitidwira.

Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu

Kupatsirana kwa chifuwa chachikulu kumatha kuchitika kudzera mlengalenga, kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu kudzera kupuma kwamadontho omwe ali ndi kachilombo kamene kamatulutsidwa kudzera kutsokomola, kuyetsemula kapena kuyankhula. Kufala kumatha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati mukugwira nawo m'mapapo komanso mpaka masiku 15 kuchokera pomwe mankhwala ayamba.

Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chomwe chimasokonezedwa ndi matenda kapena chifukwa cha msinkhu, omwe amasuta komanso / kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri amatenga kachilombo ka chifuwa chachikulu cha TB ndikudwala matendawa.

Kupewa mitundu yoopsa kwambiri ya chifuwa chachikulu kumatha kuchitika kudzera mu katemera wa BCG ali mwana. Kuphatikiza apo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipewe malo otsekeka, opanda mpweya wabwino wopanda kutentha kwa dzuwa kapena komwe kulibe, koma ndikofunikira kukhala kutali ndi anthu omwe amapezeka ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Onani momwe TB imafalira komanso momwe mungapewere.