Valvuloplasty: ndi chiyani, mitundu ndi momwe zimachitikira

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya valvuloplasty
• Momwe Valvuloplasty imagwirira ntchito

Valvuloplasty ndi opaleshoni yochitidwa kuti ithetse vuto mu valavu yamtima kuti magazi aziyenda bwino. Opaleshoniyi imangotengera kukonzanso valavu yowonongeka kapena kuikapo ina yopangidwa ndi chitsulo, kuchokera ku nyama monga nkhumba kapena ng'ombe kapena kuchokera kwa wopereka munthu yemwe wamwalira.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya valvuloplasty malinga ndi valavu yomwe ili ndi vuto, popeza pali mavavu 4 amtima: valavu ya mitral, valavu ya tricuspid, valavu yamapapu ndi valavu ya aortic.

Valvuloplasty imatha kuwonetsedwa ngati ma stenosis amagetsi aliwonse, omwe amakhala olimba ndikuwumitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azidutsa, ngati mavavu akwanira, omwe amapezeka pomwe valavu siyitseke kwathunthu, ndi kubwerera kwa magazi pang'ono kumbuyo kapena ngati pali rheumatic fever, mwachitsanzo.

Mitundu ya valvuloplasty

Valvuloplasty itha kugawidwa malinga ndi valavu yowonongeka, yotchedwa:

• Mitral valvuloplasty, momwe dokotalayo amakonzanso kapena m'malo mwa mitral valve, yomwe imagwira ntchito yolola magazi kudutsa kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanzere kupita kumanzere, kumulepheretsa kubwerera kumapapu;
• Kutsegula kwa valvuloplasty, momwe valavu ya aortic, yomwe imalola magazi kutuluka mu ventricle yakumanzere kutuluka mumtima, imawonongeka ndipo, chifukwa chake, dokotalayo amakonza kapena kusinthira valavu ndi ina;
• Valvuloplasty yamapapu, momwe dokotalayo amakonza kapena kulowetsa valavu ya m'mapapo, yomwe imagwira ntchito yolola magazi kudutsa kuchokera pachimake kupita kumphapo;
• Tricuspid valvuloplasty, momwe valavu ya tricuspid, yomwe imalola magazi kudutsa kuchokera ku atrium kumanja kupita ku ventricle yoyenera, imawonongeka ndipo, chifukwa chake, dokotalayo amayenera kukonzanso valavu ndi ina.

Zomwe zimapangitsa vuto la valavu, kuuma kwake komanso msinkhu wa wodwalayo zimatsimikizira ngati valvuloplasty ikonza kapena kusintha.

Momwe Valvuloplasty imagwirira ntchito

Valvuloplasty nthawi zambiri imachitidwa pansi pa oesthesia wamba komanso kudula pachifuwa kuti dotoloyo aziwona mtima wonse. Njira yodziwikirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ikafika m'malo, monga momwe zimakhalira pakubwezeretsanso kwa mitral, mwachitsanzo.

Komabe, dokotalayo angasankhe njira zochepa zowononga, monga:

• Balloon valvuloplasty, yomwe imakhala ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa catheter yokhala ndi buluni kumapeto kwake, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu kubuula, mpaka pamtima. Catheter ikakhala mumtima, kusiyanitsa kumabayidwa kuti dokotala athe kuwona valavu yomwe yakhudzidwa ndipo buluni yadzazidwa ndikuthira, kuti atsegule valavu yochepetsedwa;
• Mavitamini a valvuloplasty, momwe chubu chaching'ono chimayikidwa kupyola pachifuwa m'malo mopanga kudula kwakukulu, kumachepetsa kupweteka pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni, kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kukula kwa chilonda.

Onse balloon valvuloplasty ndi percutaneous valvuloplasty amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakakonza, komanso kuchiza aortic stenosis, mwachitsanzo.