Salmon Yakutchire Yakulima: Ndi Mtundu Wotani Wa Salimoni Wathanzi?

Zamkati

• Kutumizidwa Kumalo Osiyana Kwambiri
• Kusiyanasiyana kwa Mtengo Wathanzi
• Mafuta a Polyunsaturated
• Salimoni Wolimidwa Atha Kukhala Wambiri M'miyeso
• Mercury ndi Zitsulo Zina Zotsatsira
• Maantibayotiki mu Nsomba Zoyesedwa
• Kodi Salimoni Wakutchire Amtengo Wapatali Komanso Wovuta?
• Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Salmoni ndiwofunika chifukwa cha thanzi lake.

Nsomba yamafuta iyi imadzazidwa ndi omega-3 fatty acids, omwe anthu ambiri samapeza okwanira.

Komabe, si nsomba zonse zomwe zimapangidwa mofanana.

Lero, nsomba zambiri zomwe mumagula sizimagwidwa kuthengo, koma zimapezeka m'minda ya nsomba.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zakusiyana kwa nsomba zamtchire ndi zowetedwa ndikukuwuzani ngati wina ali ndi thanzi labwino kuposa mnzake.

Kutumizidwa Kumalo Osiyana Kwambiri

Salmon wamtchire imagwidwa m'malo achilengedwe monga nyanja, mitsinje ndi nyanja.

Koma theka la nsomba zomwe zimagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi zimachokera kumafamu a nsomba, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa aquaculture kuti apange nsomba kuti azidya ().

Kupanga kwapadziko lonse kwa nsomba zaulimi kwawonjezeka kuchoka pa 27,000 kufika pa matani 1 miliyoni mzaka makumi awiri zapitazi (2).

Pomwe nsomba zamtchire zimadya zamoyo zina zomwe zimapezeka m'malo awo achilengedwe, nsomba zam'munda zomwe zimalimidwa zimapatsidwa chakudya chamafuta, chopatsa mafuta kwambiri, komanso chomanga thupi kwambiri kuti apange nsomba zazikulu ().

Salmon wakutchire akadakalipo, koma masheya apadziko lonse acheperako theka mzaka zochepa chabe (4).

Kupanga nsomba zam'madzi zolimidwa kwawonjezeka kwambiri pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi. Salimoni wolimidwa amakhala ndi zakudya zosiyaniranatu ndi chilengedwe kuposa nsomba zakutchire.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa Mtengo Wathanzi

Salimoni wolimidwa amadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chamafuta, pomwe nsomba zamtchire zimadya nyama zopanda mafupa.

Pachifukwa ichi, michere ya nsomba zakutchire ndi zowetedwa zimasiyana kwambiri.

Gome ili m'munsi limapereka kuyerekezera kwabwino. Ma calories, mapuloteni ndi mafuta amaperekedwa mokwanira, pomwe mavitamini ndi michere amaperekedwa ngati magawo (%) azakudya tsiku lililonse (RDI) (5, 6).

Mwachiwonekere, kusiyana kwa zakudya pakati pa nsomba zamtchire ndi zowetedwa zingakhale zofunikira.

Salimoni wolimidwa amakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, okhala ndi omega-3s pang'ono, omega-6 ochulukirapo komanso katatu kuchuluka kwa mafuta okhuta. Ilinso ndi ma 46% owonjezera mafuta - makamaka ochokera kumafuta.

Komanso, nsomba zakutchire ndizambiri zamchere, kuphatikiza potaziyamu, zinc ndi chitsulo.

Nsomba zakutchire zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri. Salimoni wolimidwa amakhala ndi vitamini C wambiri, mafuta okhathamira, mafuta a polyunsaturated acid ndi ma calories.

Mafuta a Polyunsaturated

Mafuta awiri akuluakulu a polyunsaturated ndi omega-3 ndi omega-6 fatty acids.

Izi mafuta acids amatenga gawo lofunikira mthupi lanu.

Amatchedwa mafuta ofunikira, kapena ma EFA, chifukwa mumafunikira zonse pazakudya zanu.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa bwino.

Anthu ambiri masiku ano amadya omega-6 kwambiri, ndikupotoza kulimba pakati pa mafuta awiriwa.

Asayansi ambiri amaganiza kuti izi zitha kuyambitsa kutupa ndipo zitha kutenga nawo gawo ku miliri yamatenda azovuta zamatenda, monga matenda amtima (7).

Ngakhale nsomba zam'munda zomwe zimalimidwa zimakhala ndi mafuta atatu a nsomba zamtchire, gawo lalikulu la mafutawa ndi omega-6 fatty acids (, 8).

Pazifukwa izi, kuchuluka kwa omega-3 mpaka omega 6 kumakulirapo katatu kuposa nsomba zam'munda kuposa zakutchire.

Komabe, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zam'madzi (1: 3-4) akadali kwabwino - ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa nsomba zakutchire, zomwe ndi 1:10 ().

Salimoni wolimidwa komanso wamtchire ayenera kuyambitsa kusintha kwakukulu pakudya kwa omega-3 kwa anthu ambiri - ndipo nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kutero.

Pakafukufuku wa milungu inayi mwa anthu 19, kudya nsomba za ku Atlantic kawiri pamlungu zidakulitsa kuchuluka kwa magazi a omega-3 DHA ndi 50% ().

Ngakhale nsomba zolimidwa ndizambiri mu omega-6 fatty acids kuposa nsomba zamtchire, zonsezo ndizotsika kwambiri kuti zingayambitse nkhawa.

Salimoni Wolimidwa Atha Kukhala Wambiri M'miyeso

Nsomba zimakonda kudyetsa zowononga kuchokera m'madzi omwe amasambira komanso zakudya zomwe amadya (, 11).

Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2004 ndi 2005 adawonetsa kuti nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimalimidwa zinali ndi zotupa zochulukirapo kuposa nsomba zamtchire (,).

Mafamu aku Europe anali ndi zodetsa zambiri kuposa minda yaku America, koma mitundu yochokera ku Chile imawoneka kuti ili ndi zochepa (, 14).

Zina mwa zoipitsazi ndi ma biphenyls opangidwa ndi polychlorinated (PCBs), ma dioxin ndi mankhwala angapo ophera tizilombo.

Mosakayikira zowononga zowopsa zomwe zimapezeka mu salimoni ndi PCB, yomwe imalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi khansa ndi mavuto ena osiyanasiyana azaumoyo (,,,).

Kafukufuku wina wofalitsidwa mu 2004 adatsimikiza kuti kuchuluka kwa PCB mumchere wa salimoni anali wokwera kasanu ndi katatu kuposa nsomba zamtchire, pafupifupi ().

Magulu oyipitsawo amawoneka otetezeka ndi a FDA koma osati ndi US EPA (20).

Ofufuzawo akuti ngati malangizo a EPA atagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nsomba zam'munda, anthu azilimbikitsidwa kuti asamamwe nsomba kamodzi kapena kawiri pamwezi.

Komabe, kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti milingo yonyansa yodziwika bwino, monga ma PCB, ku Norway, nsomba zaulimi zomwe zidalimidwa zatsika kwambiri kuyambira 1999 mpaka 2011. Zosinthazi zitha kuwonetsa ma PCB ochepa ndi zonyansa zina zodyetsa nsomba ().

Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri amati phindu lakudya ma omega-3 kuchokera ku salimoni limaposa chiopsezo cha zoopsa.

Salimoni wolimidwa amatha kukhala ndi zodetsa zambiri kuposa nsomba zakutchire. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa zoipitsa zomwe zimalimidwa, nsomba za ku Norway zakhala zikuchepa.

Mercury ndi Zitsulo Zina Zotsatsira

Umboni wapano wazitsulo za salimoni umatsutsana.

Kafukufuku awiri sanawone kusiyana pang'ono pamiyeso ya mercury pakati pa nsomba zamtchire ndi zolimidwa (11,).

Komabe, kafukufuku wina adatsimikiza kuti nsomba zamtchire zinali ndi milingo itatu (23).

Zonse zanenedwa, milingo ya arsenic ndi yokwera mu nsomba zam'munda, koma milingo ya cobalt, mkuwa ndi cadmium ndiokwera mu nsomba zamtchire ().

Mulimonsemo, kufufuza zazitsulo zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi zimapezeka zochepa kwambiri mwakuti sizingakhale chifukwa chodandaulira.

Kwa munthu wamba, zofufuzira zazitsulo zam'nyanja zakutchire komanso zowetedwa sizimawoneka kuti zilipo zowopsa.

Maantibayotiki mu Nsomba Zoyesedwa

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nsomba zam'madzi, nsomba zowetedwa nthawi zambiri zimatha kutenga matenda komanso matenda kuposa nsomba zamtchire. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, maantibayotiki nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa ku chakudya cha nsomba.

Kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki mosaletseka komanso mosasamala ndivuto lazamalonda, makamaka m'maiko akutukuka.

Sikuti kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki kumangokhala vuto lazachilengedwe, komanso kumakhudzanso thanzi la ogula. Zotsatira za maantibayotiki zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta kwa omwe atengeka ().

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri maantibayotiki m'madzi amalimbikitsanso maantibayotiki kukana mabakiteriya a nsomba, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo chotsutsana m'matumbo a anthu kudzera pakusamutsa majini (,).

Kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki kumayendetsedwa bwino m'maiko ambiri omwe akutukuka kumene, monga China ndi Nigeria. Komabe, nsomba sizimalimidwa mmaiko awa ().

Ambiri mwa omwe amapanga nsomba zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, monga Norway ndi Canada, amawerengedwa kuti ali ndi njira zoyendetsera bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki kumayendetsedwa bwino ndipo milingo ya maantibayotiki m'thupi la nsomba iyenera kukhala yocheperako pomwe nsomba zikakololedwa.

Ena mwa minda yayikulu kwambiri yaku Canada akhala akuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki m'zaka zaposachedwa ().

Mbali inayi, Chile - dziko lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi la salimoni wolimidwa - lakhala likukumana ndi mavuto chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki mopitirira muyeso ().

Mu 2016, pafupifupi magalamu 530 a maantibayotiki adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu uliwonse wa nsomba zokolola ku Chile. Poyerekeza, Norway idagwiritsa ntchito gramu imodzi ya maantibayotiki pa tani ya nsomba zokolola mu 2008 (,).

Ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi maantibayotiki osagwirizana, mwina lingakhale lingaliro labwino kupewa nsomba za ku Chile pakadali pano.

Kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki polima nsomba ndizowononga chilengedwe komanso zomwe zingayambitse thanzi. Mayiko ambiri otukuka amayang'anira mosamala kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, koma amakhalabe osalamulirika m'maiko ambiri akutukuka.

Kodi Salimoni Wakutchire Amtengo Wapatali Komanso Wovuta?

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti nsomba zomwe zimalimidwa zidakali zathanzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, imakonda kukhala yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imapereka omega-3s ambiri.

Salmon wamtchire amakhalanso wokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa wolimidwa ndipo mwina sangakhale wokwanira mtengo kwa anthu ena. Kutengera ndi bajeti yanu, zitha kukhala zovuta kapena zosatheka kugula nsomba zakutchire.

Komabe, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa chilengedwe ndi kadyedwe, nsomba zam'munda zomwe zimakhala ndi nsomba zimakhala ndi zoopsa zambiri kuposa nsomba zakutchire.

Ngakhale zoipazi zimawoneka ngati zotetezeka kwa anthu wamba omwe amamwa zochepa, akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa kuti ana ndi amayi apakati azingodya nsomba zakutchire - kuti akhale otetezeka.

Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Ndibwino kudya nsomba zamafuta monga nsomba 1-2 pa sabata kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.

Nsombayi ndiyokoma, yodzaza ndi michere yopindulitsa ndikudzazidwa kwambiri - chifukwa chake imachepetsa-kuchepa.

Chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi nsomba zomwe zimalimidwa ndizoyipitsa zachilengedwe monga ma PCB. Mukamayesetsa kuchepetsa kudya kwa poizoni, muyenera kupewa kudya nsomba nthawi zambiri.

Maantibayotiki mumchere wa salimoni amakhalanso ovuta, chifukwa amatha kuonjezera chiopsezo chothana ndi maantibayotiki m'matumbo mwanu.

Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa omega-3s, mapuloteni abwino komanso michere yopindulitsa, mtundu uliwonse wa nsomba ndi chakudya chathanzi.

Komabe, nsomba zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino ngati mungakwanitse kutero.